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Tata, Jamsetji Nasarwanji (Indian industrialist)
...(i.e., textiles in Lancashire), by adding enough rupees to its revenue to make ends meet. Bombay’s textile industry had by then developed more than 80 power mills, and the Indian industrialist Jamsetji (Jamshedji) N. Tata’s (1839–1904) huge Empress Mill was in full operation at Nagpur, competing directly with Lancashire mills for the vast Indian market. Britain’s mil...
Tata, Jamshedji Nusserwanji (Indian industrialist)
...(i.e., textiles in Lancashire), by adding enough rupees to its revenue to make ends meet. Bombay’s textile industry had by then developed more than 80 power mills, and the Indian industrialist Jamsetji (Jamshedji) N. Tata’s (1839–1904) huge Empress Mill was in full operation at Nagpur, competing directly with Lancashire mills for the vast Indian market. Britain’s mil...
Tata, Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy (Indian aviator and industrialist)
Indian industrialist (b. July 29, 1904, Paris, France--d. Nov. 29, 1993, Geneva, Switz.), for more than 50 years controlled what under his leadership became India’s largest industrial empire. Tata was born into one of India’s wealthiest families, but his mother was French, and he spent much of his childhood in France. As a result, French was his ...
Tata Mailau, Mount (mountain, East Timor)
The eastern part of Timor is rugged, with the mountains rising to 9,721 feet (2,963 metres) at Mount Tatamailau (Tata Mailau) in the centre of a high plateau. The area has a dry tropical climate and moderate rainfall. Hilly areas are covered with sandalwood; scrub and grass grow in the lowlands, together with coconut palms and eucalyptus trees. There are hot springs and numerous mountain......
tata maki-e (Japanese lacquerwork)
...and under his patronage a real revival took place. When he died, his widow erected the Kōdai-ji at Kyōto, in which distinctive lacquer decoration called tata maki-e (Koda-ji maki-e) was used. This temple still contains examples of this ware that were presented by her....
Tata Motors Ltd. (Indian company)
...of a $2.7 billion loss in 2007, it had a line of credit of about $11 billion that it had negotiated in 2006, and in March 2008 Ford completed the sale of its Jaguar and Land Rover units to India’s Tata Motors, which netted Ford $2.3 billion. CFO Don Leclair and two board members abruptly left Ford in October, which suggested to analysts that the Ford family (which controlled 40% o...
Tata, Ratan (Indian businessman)
Indian businessman who became chairman (1991– ) of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate....
Tata, Ratan Naval (Indian businessman)
Indian businessman who became chairman (1991– ) of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate....
Tata, Sir Dorabji Jamsetji (Indian industrialist)
Tata began organizing India’s first large-scale ironworks in 1901, and these were incorporated in 1907 as Tata Iron and Steel Company. Under the direction of his sons, Sir Dorabji Jamsetji Tata (1859–1932) and Sir Ratanji Tata (1871–1932), the Tata Iron and Steel Company became the largest privately owned steelmaker in India and the nucleus of a group of companies producing no...
Tata, Sir Ratanji (Indian industrialist)
...India’s first large-scale ironworks in 1901, and these were incorporated in 1907 as Tata Iron and Steel Company. Under the direction of his sons, Sir Dorabji Jamsetji Tata (1859–1932) and Sir Ratanji Tata (1871–1932), the Tata Iron and Steel Company became the largest privately owned steelmaker in India and the nucleus of a group of companies producing not only textiles, st...
Tatabánya (Hungary)
city of county status and seat of Komárom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. Lying in the valley of the Gallei River, between the Vértes Hills to the south and the Gerecse Mountains to the northeast, the city was once Hungary’s main mining centre and is located on the country’s largest lignite deposit, the Tatab...
Tatamailau, Mount (mountain, East Timor)
The eastern part of Timor is rugged, with the mountains rising to 9,721 feet (2,963 metres) at Mount Tatamailau (Tata Mailau) in the centre of a high plateau. The area has a dry tropical climate and moderate rainfall. Hilly areas are covered with sandalwood; scrub and grass grow in the lowlands, together with coconut palms and eucalyptus trees. There are hot springs and numerous mountain......
tatami
rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanese houses. It consists of a thick straw base and a soft, finely woven rush cover with cloth borders. A tatami measures approximately 180 by 90 cm (6 by 3 feet) and is about 5 cm (2 inches) thick. In shinden and shoin d...
tatamis
rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanese houses. It consists of a thick straw base and a soft, finely woven rush cover with cloth borders. A tatami measures approximately 180 by 90 cm (6 by 3 feet) and is about 5 cm (2 inches) thick. In shinden and shoin d...
Tatanagar (India)
city, Jharkhand state, northeastern India, at the junction of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. Sometimes called Tatanagar, the city was named for industrialist Jamsetji Nasarwanji Tata, whose company opened a steel plant there in 1911, and it rapidly grew in importance. The second largest city in the state, Jamshedpur ...
Tatanka Iyotake (Sioux chief)
Teton Dakota Indian chief under whom the Sioux tribes united in their struggle for survival on the North American Great Plains. He is remembered for his lifelong distrust of white men and his stubborn determination to resist their domination....
Tataouine (Tunisia)
...area include seminomadic shepherds and cave-dwelling cultivators of grains, olives, figs, and date palms. The densely populated Mediterranean island of Jerba (Jarbah) is nearby, and Tataouine (Taṭāwīn), south of Medenine, is a starting point for trans-Saharan caravans. Oil fields, connected by pipeline with La Skhira (Al-Ṣukhayrah) on the Gulf of Gabes, and......
Tatar (people)
any member of several Turkic-speaking peoples that collectively numbered more than 5 million in the late 20th century and lived mainly in west-central Russia along the central course of the Volga River and its tributary, the Kama, and thence east to the Ural Mountains...
Tatar A. S. S. R. (republic, Russia)
republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital....
Tatar City (Beijing, China)
...traditional core of Beijing essentially consisted of two walled cities (the walls no longer stand), the northern inner city and the southern outer city. The inner city, also known conventionally as Tatar City, lay to the southwest of the site of the Mongol city of Dadu; it was in the form of a square, with walls having a perimeter of nearly 15 miles (24 km). The outer city, also known as the......
Tatar language
northwestern (Kipchak) language of the Turkic subfamily of Altaic languages. It is spoken in the republic of Tatarstan in west-central Russia and in Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, and China. There are numerous dialectal forms. The major Tatar dialects are Kazan Tatar (spoken in Tatarstan), Western or Misher Tatar, as well as the...
Tatar Pazardzhik (Bulgaria)
town, west-central Bulgaria. It lies along the upper Maritsa River, between the Rhodope Mountains to the south and the Sredna Mountains to the north. It is a r...
tatar sable (mammal)
any of several species of Asian weasels. See weasel....
Tatar Strait (strait, Russia)
narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island...
Tatara Bridge (bridge, Japan)
...the 1979 Ohmishima steel arch bridge, whose 297-metre (975-foot) span made it the longest such structure in the Eastern Hemisphere. But the single most significant structure on the route is the 1999 Tatara cable-stayed bridge, whose main span of 890 metres (2,920 feet) makes it the longest of its type in the world—34 metres (112 feet) longer than the 1995 Normandy Bridge in France. The.....
Tataraimaka (region, New Zealand)
The fighting resumed in the Second Taranaki War in April 1863 after Governor Grey built an attack road into the Waikato area and drove the Taranaki Maori from the Tataraimaka block. While fighting raged in Taranaki once again, the Waikato War began in July 1863, and the Waikato River region, the centre of the King Movement tribes, became the main target of the Europeans. Once again the war was......
Tătărescu, Gheorghe (premier of Romania)
Romanian diplomat and politician who, as premier of Romania (1934–37, 1939–40), was unable to stem the tide of fascism....
Tatarian Stage (geology)
Murchison included the red beds and evaporite beds now referred to as the Kungurian Stage in the lower part of his Permian System, while incorporating the nonmarine beds of the Tatarian Stage (a regional stage roughly equivalent to the Capitanian Stage plus a portion of the Wordian Stage) in its upper part. The upper portion of these nonmarine beds was subsequently shown to be Early Triassic in......
Tatariya (republic, Russia)
republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital....
“Tatárjárás” (operetta by Kálmán)
...cabaret songs under a pseudonym.) His reputation as a composer of operettas was made by his first stage work, Tatárjárás (1908; The Gay Hussars). The strongly Hungarian tone of this piece succeeded in winning over Viennese audiences, and The Gay Hussars was performed throughout Europe and the......
Tatarka, Dominik (Slovak author)
...writings multiplied. The difficulties of World War II and its aftermath of communist rule found vivid, personal expression in the work of Ladislav Mňačko, Alfonz Bednár, and Dominik Tatarka. Mňačko was among the first eastern European writers to criticize Stalinism, in his popular novel The Taste of Power (1967), while Tatarka......
tatárok Magyarországon, A (work by Kisfauldy)
Kisfaludy left school at 16 to become a soldier and fought in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1811, while leading a precarious existence as a painter in Vienna, he tried his hand at a historical drama, A tatárok Magyarországon (“The Tartars in Hungary”). The play remained unknown until eight years later, when it was performed by a repertory company in a provincial town;....
Tatarsky Proliv (strait, Russia)
narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island...
Tatarstan (republic, Russia)
republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital....
Tatary, Gulf of (strait, Russia)
narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island...
Tataviam (North American people)
...as the islands of Santa Catalina and San Clemente; they were named after the Franciscan mission San Gabriel Arcángel (and thus have sometimes been called San Gabrielinos). The second group, Tataviam (Fernandeño), occupied areas in and around the San Fernando Valley and seacoast. A third, apparently related, group was the Nicolino (Nicoleño, or San Nicolinos), who inhabited....
Taṭāwīn (Tunisia)
...area include seminomadic shepherds and cave-dwelling cultivators of grains, olives, figs, and date palms. The densely populated Mediterranean island of Jerba (Jarbah) is nearby, and Tataouine (Taṭāwīn), south of Medenine, is a starting point for trans-Saharan caravans. Oil fields, connected by pipeline with La Skhira (Al-Ṣukhayrah) on the Gulf of Gabes, and......
tatbīq (Islamic philosophy)
...conditions of India. According to him, religious ideas were universal and eternal, but their application could meet different circumstances. The main tool of his policy was the doctrine of tatbīq, whereby the principles of Islam were reconstructed and reapplied in accordance with the Qurʾān and the Ḥadīth (the spoken traditions attributed to......
Tate, Allen (American author)
American poet, teacher, novelist, and a leading exponent of the New Criticism. In both his criticism and his poetry, he emphasized the writer’s need for a tradition to adhere to; he found his tradition in the culture of the conservative, agrarian South and, later, in Roman Catholicism, to which he c...
Tate Britain (museum branch, Westminster, England, United Kingdom)
...(opened 1853) contained the collection of “modern” (that is to say, 19th-century) paintings that Louis had begun forming in 1809, while crown prince. In Britain the Tate Gallery (now the Tate Britain, one of four Tate galleries)—founded in 1897 as the National Gallery of British Art (later officially renamed the Tate Gallery in honour of Henry Tate, its initial donor) and p...
Tate, Buddy (American musician)
American tenor saxophonist (b. Feb. 22, 1915, Sherman, Texas—d. Feb. 10, 2001, Chandler, Ariz.), played with a big, rich tone and fluent melodic imagination, first with traveling swing bands in the Midwest. As a featured soloist with Count Basie (1939–48), he incorporated some of Lester Young’s innovative...
Tate galleries (museums, United Kingdom)
art museums in the United Kingdom that house the national collection of British art from the 16th century and the national collection of modern art. There are four branches: the Tate Britai...
Tate, George Holmes (American musician)
American tenor saxophonist (b. Feb. 22, 1915, Sherman, Texas—d. Feb. 10, 2001, Chandler, Ariz.), played with a big, rich tone and fluent melodic imagination, first with traveling swing bands in the Midwest. As a featured soloist with Count Basie (1939–48), he incorporated some of Lester Young’s innovative...
Tate, James (American poet)
American poet noted for the surreal imagery and ironic stance of his poetry....
Tate, James Vincent (American poet)
American poet noted for the surreal imagery and ironic stance of his poetry....
Tate, John (American mathematician)
American mathematician awarded the 2010 Abel Prize “for his vast and lasting impact on the theory of numbers.”...
Tate, John Orley Allen (American author)
American poet, teacher, novelist, and a leading exponent of the New Criticism. In both his criticism and his poetry, he emphasized the writer’s need for a tradition to adhere to; he found his tradition in the culture of the conservative, agrarian South and, later, in Roman Catholicism, to which he c...
Tate, John Torrence, Jr. (American mathematician)
American mathematician awarded the 2010 Abel Prize “for his vast and lasting impact on the theory of numbers.”...
Tate Liverpool (museum branch, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom)
...Among these is the Orsay Museum (see photograph), formerly a major railroad station in Paris, which was reopened in 1986 as a national museum of the 19th century, and the Tate Gallery of the North at Liverpool (1988), an art museum housed in a warehouse in the Albert Dock, by the River Mersey....
Tate, Margaret (English singer)
English soprano, a well-known opera, concert, and recording artist who was considered one of the 20th century’s foremost interpreters of French song....
Tate Modern (museum branch, Bankside, England, United Kingdom)
...Referring to Magritte’s famous painting of a pipe that states “Ceci n’est pas une pipe,” Demand said with a touch of irony, “I am not Magritte.” Irony was present too in the Tate Modern’s Turbine Hall, where Chinese artist Ai Weiwei encouraged visitors to defy conventional museum restrictions and walk on his installation of more than 100 million ...
Tate, Nahum (English writer)
poet laureate of England and playwright, adapter of other’s plays, and collaborator with Nicholas Brady in A New Version of the Psalms of David (1696)....
Tate no Kai (Japanese society)
...culture, he raged against Japan’s imitation of the West. He diligently developed the age-old Japanese arts of karate and kendo and formed a controversial private army of about 80 students, the Tate no Kai (Shield Society), with the idea of preserving the Japanese martial spirit and helping protect the emperor (the symbol of Japanese culture) in case of an uprising by the left or a......
Tate, Sharon (American actress)
Manson’s hold over his followers was graphically illustrated in 1968–69, when the Family carried out several murders on Manson’s orders. The most famous victim was actress Sharon Tate, wife of motion-picture director Roman Polanski, who was killed in her Los Angeles home along with three guests. The ensuing trial of Manson and his followers in 1970 attracted national attention...
Tate St. Ives (museum branch, England, United Kingdom)
...in its closure in 1997–98. The Tate Liverpool houses British and contemporary art in a wide range of media, from paintings and sculptures to video, installation, and performance pieces. The Tate St. Ives is located in an area that became an artist colony following World War II. Opened in 1993, it overlooks a beach and includes the nearby Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden. The....
tatebana (Japanese art style)
Early styles were known as tatebana, standing flowers; from these developed a more massive and elaborate style, rikka (which also means standing flowers), introduced by the Ikenobō master Senkei around 1460. The early rikka style symbolized the mythical Mt. Meru of Buddhist cosmology. Rikka represented seven elements: peak, waterfall, hill, foot of the......
Tatebayashi (Japan)
city, Gumma ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies in the northern Kantō Plain along the Isesaki line of the Tōbu railway, north of Tokyo. Founded in the 16th century as a castle town, it developed as a commercial centre for the surrounding rice-producing region. Long known for its silk, the city now a...
Tateomys (rodent)
...rats are their ecological counterparts, primarily eating insects and other invertebrates. In the mountain forests of Sulawesi, some shrew rats are their own counterparts within the same habitat. Greater Sulawesian shrew rats (genus Tateomys) forage for earthworms at night, and the lesser Sulawesian shrew rat (Melasmothrix naso) exploits the same resource during......
Tatera indica (rodent)
...burrows of the great gerbil sometimes weaken embankments in western Asia, where it also damages crops. Although these rodents primarily eat seeds, roots, nuts, green plant parts, and insects, the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) also eats eggs and young birds. Gerbils are active throughout the year, but in regions where winters are cold and snow is usual, they may......
Tathagata (Buddha)
(Sanskrit and Pali), one of the titles of a buddha and the one most frequently employed by the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, when referring to himself. The exact meaning of the word is uncertain; Buddhist commentaries present as many as eight explanations. The most generally adopted interpretation is “one who ...
tathagatagarbha (Buddhism)
...the future. Some Buddhists believe that there is only one buddha for each historical age, others that all beings will become buddhas because they possess the buddha nature (tathagatagarbha)....
“Tathāgataguhyaka” (Buddhist text)
(“The Mystery of Tathāgatahood [Buddhahood]”), oldest and one of the most important of all Buddhist Tantras. These are the basic texts of the Tantric—an esoteric and highly symbolic—form of Buddhism, which developed in India and became dominant in Tibet. The Tantric form stands, along with the Mahāyāna and Theravāda,...
Tathari (Italy)
city, Sardinia, Italy, near the north coast of the island on the edge of the limestone hills above the plain of Riu Mannu, north-northwest of Cagliari. In the 12th century, Sassari, then called Tathari, grew as the coastal peoples retreated inland from the raiding Saracens. It became important as the capital of the giudicato (judiciary circuit, a territorial division) of ...
Tathata (religion)
in Indian religious thought, the supreme goal of certain meditation disciplines. Although it occurs in the literatures of a number of ancient Indian traditions, the Sanskrit term nirvana is most commonly associated with Buddhism, in which it is the oldest and most common designation for the goal of the Buddhist path. It is used to refer t...
tathbīt (Islam)
Both tashbīh and taʿṭīl were avoided by many theologians who spoke rather of tanzīh (keeping God pure) and of tathbīt (confirming God’s attributes). The major reason for the fear of tashbīh is that it can easily lead to paganism and idolatry, while taʿṭīl leads to atheism....
taʾthīr (music)
...formulas, variety of intonations, and other conventional devices. The performer improvises within the framework of the maqām, which is also imbued with ethos (Arabic taʾthīr), a specific emotional or philosophical meaning attached to a musical mode. Rhythms are organized into rhythmic modes, or īqāʿāt (singular......
Tati, Jacques (French actor and director)
French filmmaker and actor who gained renown for his comic films that portrayed people in conflict with the mechanized modern world. He wrote and starred in all six of the feature films that he directed; in four of them he played the role of Monsieur Hulot, a lanky, pipe-smoking fellow with a quizzical, innocent nature....
Tatian (Syrian biblical writer)
Syrian compiler of the Diatessaron (Greek: “From Four,” or “Out of Four”), a version of the four Gospels arranged in a single continuous narrative that, in its Syriac form, served the biblical-theological vocabulary of the Syrian church for centuries. Its Greek and Latin versions influenced the Gospel text. Tatian also founded, or at least was ...
Tatianos (Syrian biblical writer)
Syrian compiler of the Diatessaron (Greek: “From Four,” or “Out of Four”), a version of the four Gospels arranged in a single continuous narrative that, in its Syriac form, served the biblical-theological vocabulary of the Syrian church for centuries. Its Greek and Latin versions influenced the Gospel text. Tatian also founded, or at least was ...
taʿṭīl (Islam)
(Arabic: “assimilating”), in Islām, anthropomorphism, comparing God to created things. Both tashbīh and its opposite, taʿṭīl (divesting God of all attributes), are regarded as sins in Islāmic theology. The difficulty in dealing with the nature of God in Islām arises from the seemingly contradictory views contained...
Tatischeff, Jacques (French actor and director)
French filmmaker and actor who gained renown for his comic films that portrayed people in conflict with the mechanized modern world. He wrote and starred in all six of the feature films that he directed; in four of them he played the role of Monsieur Hulot, a lanky, pipe-smoking fellow with a quizzical, innocent nature....
Tatishchev, Vasily Nikitich (Russian historian)
Russian economic administrator and historian who was the first to produce a comprehensive Russian history....
Tatler, The (English periodical)
a periodical launched in London by the essayist Sir Richard Steele in April 1709, appearing three times weekly until January 1711. At first its avowed intention was to present accounts of gallantry, pleasure, and entertainment, of poetry, and of foreign and domestic news. These all were reported and “issued” from various London coffee and chocolate houses. In time ...
Tatlin, Vladimir Yevgrafovich (Russian sculptor)
Ukrainian painter, sculptor, and architect remembered for his visionary “Monument to the Third International” in Moscow, 1920....
Tatparyatika (work by Vacaspati Misra)
...the meaning of a word is apprehended by hearing the last letter of the word together with recollection of the preceding ones. Vachaspati Mishra in the 9th century wrote his Tatparyatika (c. 840) on Uddyotakara’s Varttika and further strengthened the Nyaya viewpoint against the Buddhists. He divided perception into two kinds: the indeterminate, nonlinguist...
Tatra Mountains (mountain range, Europe)
highest range of the Central Carpathians. The mountains rise steeply from a high plateau and extend for approximately 40 miles (64 km) along the Slovakian-Polish frontier, varying in width from 9 to 15 miles (14 to 24 km). About 300 peaks are identified by name and elevation, the highest being Gerlachovský (or Gerlach) Peak (8,711 feet [2,655 m]). Although it has no glaci...
Tatra National Park (park, Europe)
...attractions of Kraków, Małopolskie is a region of great natural beauty and one of the country’s most visited. Six national parks lie within its boundaries. Notable among them are Tatra National Park, which contains jagged granite peaks, postglacial lakes, and hundreds of caves; Ojców National Park, also known for its caves, including the 755-foot- (230-metre-) long.....
Tatry Mountains (mountain range, Europe)
highest range of the Central Carpathians. The mountains rise steeply from a high plateau and extend for approximately 40 miles (64 km) along the Slovakian-Polish frontier, varying in width from 9 to 15 miles (14 to 24 km). About 300 peaks are identified by name and elevation, the highest being Gerlachovský (or Gerlach) Peak (8,711 feet [2,655 m]). Although it has no glaci...
Tatry National Park (national park, Slovakia)
Slovakia’s wildlife is abundant and diverse; the Tatry (High Tatras) National Park shelters an exceptional collection of wild animals, including bears, wolves, lynx, wildcats, marmots, otters, martens, and minks. Hunting is prohibited in the parks, and some animals, such as the chamois, are protected nationwide. The forests and lowland areas support numerous game birds, such as partridges,....
Tatry Wysokie (mountain range, Europe)
highest range of the Central Carpathians. The mountains rise steeply from a high plateau and extend for approximately 40 miles (64 km) along the Slovakian-Polish frontier, varying in width from 9 to 15 miles (14 to 24 km). About 300 peaks are identified by name and elevation, the highest being Gerlachovský (or Gerlach) Peak (8,711 feet [2,655 m]). Although it has no glaci...
Tatsanottine (people)
a small Athabaskan-speaking North American Indian tribe who traditionally lived northeast of the Great Bear and Great Slave lakes in what is now the Northwest Territories, Can. The name Yellowknife derives from the group’s use of yellow copper in making knives and...
Tatshenshini-Alsek Wilderness Provincial Park (park, Canada-United States)
wilderness park, extreme northwestern British Columbia, Canada, sandwiched between Yukon to the north and the Alaskan Panhandle (U.S.) to the west and south. It was created in 1993 largely to prevent the open-pit mining of a large copper deposit at the head of Tats Creek (Windy Craggy), now in the centre of the park. Designated a World Heritage site...
Tatsienlu (China)
town, western Sichuan sheng (province) and capital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. Kangding is on the Tuo River, a tributary of the Dadu River, 62 miles (100 km) west of Ya’an on the main route from Sichuan into the Tibet Autonomous Region. It lies at an elevation of 8,400 feet (2...
Tatsumatsu Hachirobei (Japanese puppeteer)
...by puppetry and the samisen (a lutelike musical instrument). It continued to develop until the three great masters—Takemoto Gidayū as narrator, Chikamatsu Monzaemon as composer, and Tatsumatsu Hachirobei as puppeteer—made jōruri into a highly popular Tokugawa performing art, enjoyed by all classes of society....
Tatta (Pakistan)
town, Sindh province, Pakistan, just west of the Indus River, inland from Karāchi and the Arabian Sea coast. During the 16th century it was the capital of the Sammā dynasty in Lower Sindh. Incorporated as a municipality ...
Tattenai (Persian governor)
(c. 6th–5th century bc), Persian governor of the province west of the Euphrates River (eber nāri, “beyond the river”) during the reign of Darius I (522–486 bc)....
Tattersalls (British company)
horse auction mart, founded in London by Richard Tattersall (1724–95). The first premises occupied were near Hyde Park Corner, then in the outskirts of London. Tattersalls became a rendezvous for sporting and betting men, including the prince of Wales (later King George IV). The business remained in...
Tattersall’s sifaka (primate)
...the back, light gold on the hindquarters, and black on the crown and nape. The black, or Perrier’s, sifaka (P. perrieri) lives in the dry northwestern highlands of Ankarana, and the golden-crowned, or Tattersall’s, sifaka (P. tattersalli), first described scientifically in 1988, lives only in the Daraina region of the northeast. Both species are criti...
Tatti, Jacopo (Italian sculptor)
sculptor and architect who introduced the style of the High Renaissance into Venice. In 1502 he entered the Florence workshop of the sculptor Andrea Sansovino and, as a sign of admiration, adopted his master’s name. In 1505 he accompanied the Florentine architect Giuliano da Sangallo...
tatting (decorative arts)
process by which a fabric akin to lace is made of thread with a small hand shuttle and the fingers. It was once a widely practiced craft, known in Italy as occhi and in France as la frivolité. The resulting product appears to be quite fragile but is indeed both strong and durable....
tattler (bird)
any shorebird that is easily alarmed and calls loudly when it senses danger. Broadly, tattlers are birds of the subfamily Tringinae of the family Scolopacidae. Examples are the redshank, greenshank, willet, and yellowlegs. More narrowly, the name is given to the wandering tattler (Heteroscelus incanus) and the Polynesian, or gray-rumpe...
tattoo (body decoration)
permanent mark or design made on the body by the introduction of pigment through ruptures in the skin. Sometimes the term is also loosely applied to the inducement of scars (cicatrization). Tattooing proper has been practiced in most parts of the world, though it is rare among populations with the darkest skin colour and absent from most of China (at least in recent centuries). Tattooed designs ar...
Tattoo for a Slave (memoir by Calisher)
...explores issues of identity in an eclectic family, which includes an art expert, an atheistic rabbi, an anthropologist, and an agnostic Irish Catholic. In 2004 Calisher published the memoir Tattoo for a Slave, the story of her slave-owning grandparents and her parents’ experience of moving from the South to New York....
Tattvacintāmaṇi (work by Gaṅgeśa)
...creative work of the highest order began to take place in the fields of logic and epistemology in Mithila and Bengal. The 12th–13th-century philosopher Gangesa’s Tattvachintamani (“The Jewel of Thought on the Nature of Things”) laid the foundations of the school of Navya-Nyaya (“New Nyaya”). Four great members of this school were Pakshadhar...
Tattvārthā-sutra (work by Umāsvāmin)
Of particular importance, both as a systemization of the early Jain worldview and as an authoritative basis of later philosophical commentary, is the Tattvartha-sutra of Umasvati, whose work is claimed by both the Digambara and Umasvamin communities. Composed early in the Common Era, the Tattvartha-sutra was the first Jain philosophical work in Sanskrit to address......
Tattvasamgraha Tantra (Buddhist text)
tantra of Chen-yen Buddhism....
Tattycoram (fictional character)
fictional character, the Meagles family’s maid in the novel Little Dorrit (1855–57) by Charles Dickens....
Tatuibi (Brazil)
city, east-central São Paulo estado (state), Brazil, on the headwaters of Tatu Stream, a tributary of the Piracicaba River. Known at various times as Tatuibi, Rancho de Limeira, and Nossa Senhora das Dores de Tatuibi, it was elevated to city status in 1863....
Tatum, Art (American musician)
blind, self-taught American pianist, considered one of the greatest technical virtuosos in jazz....
Tatum, Arthur (American musician)
blind, self-taught American pianist, considered one of the greatest technical virtuosos in jazz....