A-Z Browse

Previous Next

Hoffmann, Roald (American chemist)
Polish-born American chemist, corecipient, with Fukui Kenichi of Japan, of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1981 for their independent investigations of the mechanisms of chemical reactions....
Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich (German poet)
German patriotic poet, philologist, and literary historian whose poem Deutschland, Deutschland über alles was adopted as the German national anthem after World War I. (...
Hoffmann-Donner, Heinrich (German physician and writer)
German physician and writer who is best known for his creation of Struwwelpeter (“Slovenly Peter”), a boy whose wild appearance is matched by his naughty behaviour. Peter appeared in Lustige Geschichten und drollige Bilder mit füntzehn schön kolorten Tafeln für Kinder von 3–6 Jahren (1845; Slovenly Peter; or, Cheerful ...
Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (mammal)
...belong to the genus Choloepus. Linnaeus’s two-toed sloth (C. didactylus) lives in northern South America east of the Andes and south to the central Amazon basin. Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth (C. hoffmanni) is found in Central and South America from Nicaragua to Peru and western Brazil. The two species can be distinguished by the colour ...
Hoffman’s rat (rodent)
...these hairs become longer toward the tip, which gives the tail a slightly tufted appearance. As with any large group of rodents, body size varies within the genus. Most species are about the size of Hoffman’s rat (R. hoffmanni), native to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and weighing 95 to 240 grams (3.4 to 8.5 ounces), with a body length of 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 inche...
Hofgericht (German court)
From the early Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire’s supreme court had been the Hofgericht, in which the emperor presided and a body of assessors sat in judgment. The Hofgericht ceased to act when the emperor was abroad and was dissolved upon his death. When the emperor ceased to command respect around the 15th century, his court lost the confidence of his subjects and discontinued sittings....
höfische Dorfpoesie (literary genre)
late medieval German knightly poet who, in the period of the decline of the courtly love lyric, introduced a new genre called höfische Dorfpoesie (“courtly village poetry”). It celebrated, in dancing songs, the poet’s love of village maidens rather than noble ladies....
Hofkirche (cathedral, Lucerne, Switzerland)
...medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque houses. Notable buildings are the old town hall (1602–06), housing the historical museum; Am Rhyn House (1617); St. Peter’s Chapel (1178; altered 1750); the Hofkirche (an 8th-century cathedral and collegiate church of St. Leodegar); and the Mariahilf Church (1676–81). Other landmarks are Bertel Thorvaldsen’s “Lion of Lucerne...
Hoflehner, Rudolf (Austrian sculptor)
...carver Fritz Wotruba is characteristic of this phase. Joannis Avramidis, also working in Vienna, turned figures into clusters of simplified formal echoes; the third sculptor of the Viennese group, Rudolf Hoflehner, who worked in iron, transformed them into symbolic presences. The segmental iron sculpture of the Spaniard Eduardo Chillida deals with a more limited and powerful range of forms....
Hofmann, Albert (Swiss chemist)
Swiss chemist who discovered the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which he first synthesized in 1938 by isolating compounds found in ergot (Claviceps purpurea), a fungus...
Hofmann, August Wilhelm von (German chemist)
German chemist whose research on aniline, with that of Sir William Henry Perkin, helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry....
Hofmann degradation
Prominent among rearrangement reactions is the Hofmann reaction, in which an amide is treated with chlorine or bromine and an aqueous alkali (base)....
Hofmann, Gert (German author)
German novelist who examined morality and the resonances of Nazism in postwar Germany....
Hofmann, Hans (German painter)
German painter who was one of the most influential art teachers of the 20th century. He was a pioneer in experimenting in the use of improvisatory techniques; his work opened the way for the first generation of post-World War II American painters to develop Abstract Expressionism....
Hofmann, Josef Casimir (American pianist and composer)
Polish-born American pianist, especially noted for his glittering performances of the music of Frédéric Chopin....
Hofmann, Melchior (German mystic)
German mystic and lay preacher noted for contributing a zealous eschatology to the religious doctrine of the Anabaptists, a Reformation movement that advocated adult baptism....
Hofmann reaction
Prominent among rearrangement reactions is the Hofmann reaction, in which an amide is treated with chlorine or bromine and an aqueous alkali (base)....
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (Austrian author)
Austrian poet, dramatist, and essayist. He made his reputation with his lyrical poems and plays and became internationally famous for his collaboration with the German operatic composer Richard Strauss....
Hofmannswaldau, Christian Hofmann von (German poet)
poet who was the leading representative of the “Second Silesian School,” the German counterpart to the Baroque extravagance of the Italian poets Giambattista Marino and Giovanni Battista Guarini and the Spanish poet Luis de Góngora...
Hofmeister, Franz (German chemist)
After two German chemists, Emil Fischer and Franz Hofmeister, independently stated in 1902 that proteins are essentially polypeptides consisting of many amino acids, an attempt was made to classify proteins according to their chemical and physical properties, because the biological function of proteins had not yet been established. (The protein character of enzymes was not proved until the......
Hofmeister oder Vortheile der Privaterziehung, Der (work by Lenz)
...circle and was strongly influenced by the Sturm und Drang sentiments of that group of dramatists. Lenz made his reputation with plays from the Strasbourg years, an eccentric didactic comedy, Der Hofmeister oder Vortheile der Privaterziehung (published 1774, performed 1778, Berlin; “The Tutor, or the Advantages of Private Education”), and his best play, Die......
Hofmeister, Sebastian (Swiss religious reformer)
Swiss religious Reformer who was a prominent figure in the debates of the early Reformation....
Hofmeister, Wilhelm (German botanist)
German botanist whose investigations of plant structure made him a pioneer in the science of comparative plant morphology....
Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedikt (German botanist)
German botanist whose investigations of plant structure made him a pioneer in the science of comparative plant morphology....
Hofmeyr (work by Paton)
Paton wrote a notable biography, Hofmeyr (1964), a massive study of the brilliant parliamentarian and cabinet minister Jan Hofmeyr. Towards the Mountain (1980) is an autobiography of Paton’s first 45 years. In Ah, But Your Land Is Beautiful (1981), Paton returned to a fictional account of events in South Africa. The second volume of his autobiography, Journey....
Hofmeyr, Jan (South African politician)
statesman and leader of the Afrikaner Bond, a political party supporting the agrarian interests of Dutch South Africans in the Cape Colony. Hofmeyr, the son of a viticulturist, was educated at the South African College, Cape...
Hofmeyr, Jan Hendrik (South African politician)
statesman and leader of the Afrikaner Bond, a political party supporting the agrarian interests of Dutch South Africans in the Cape Colony. Hofmeyr, the son of a viticulturist, was educated at the South African College, Cape...
Hofrat (German council)
Between 1300 and 1500 the organs of central government in the territorial states became more specialized and diversified. The parent body was the advisory council (Hofrat) of high nobles and ecclesiastics, whom the prince consulted at his discretion. Its business was not differentiated, and there was no division of labour among the councillors. It met at......
Hofs Glacier (glacier, Iceland)
large glacier in central Iceland that covers a circular area (384 square miles [994 square km]) nearly 25 miles (40 km) in diameter. It rises to a height of 5,791 feet (1,765 metres) in the centre, and its meltwaters feed several rivers, including the Héradhsvötn, Thjórsá, Ölfusá, and Blanda....
Hofsjökull (glacier, Iceland)
large glacier in central Iceland that covers a circular area (384 square miles [994 square km]) nearly 25 miles (40 km) in diameter. It rises to a height of 5,791 feet (1,765 metres) in the centre, and its meltwaters feed several rivers, including the Héradhsvötn, Thjórsá, Ölfusá, and Blanda....
Hofstadter, Richard (American historian)
U.S. historian whose popular books on the political, social, and intellectual trends in U.S. history garnered two Pulitzer Prizes....
Hofstadter, Robert (American physicist)
American scientist who was a joint recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1961 for his investigations of protons and neutrons, which revealed the hitherto unknown structure of these particles. He shared the prize with Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer of Germany....
Hofstetter, Ernest (Swiss mountaineer)
Aug. 14, 1911Davos, Switz.June 1, 2007 Argentière, FranceSwiss mountaineer who was a member of the Swiss team of amateur climbers who in the spring of 1952 forged a passage up the South Face of Mt. Everest, across the treacherous Khumbu Icefall and the glacial basin called the Wester...
Hofstra University (university, Hempstead, New York, United States)
private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Hempstead, New York, U.S. It consists of eight schools, including Hofstra College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; New College, an interdisciplinary liberal arts college; and the Frank G. Zarb School of Business. The university also has schools of commu...
Hōfu (Japan)
city, Yamaguchi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. Numerous prehistoric remains and tombs of the Tumulus period indicate that it was an early cultural centre. During the Tokugawa period (1603–1867),...
Hofuf, Al- (Saudi Arabia)
town, eastern Saudi Arabia. It lies in the large Al-Hasa oasis and on the railroad from Riyadh to Al-Dammām. The headquarters of the Ottoman administration from 1871, when the Ottoman Empire seized eastern Arabia, it was recaptured in 1913 by th...
Hofvijver (lake, Netherlands)
...became the principal residence of the counts of Holland. These buildings now form the Binnenhof (“Inner Courtyard”) in the old quarter of the city. About 1350 an artificial lake, the Hofvijver, was dug just to the north of the Binnenhof and still forms one of the many attractions of the city....
Hofzinser, Johann Nepomuk (Austrian magician)
Austrian amateur conjurer who was one of the most brilliant inventors of small manipulative tricks, especially with playing cards. Hofzinser, who never appeared outside Austria, was one of the first to advocate simplicity of performance, eliminating elaborate costumes and stage apparatus. Although he requested that his magic...
hog (pig)
Heavy, fat-producing domesticated pig developed in the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th century. As the growing use of cheaper vegetable oils decreased the importance of lard as a source of fat, meatpackers sought hogs yielding more lean meat and less fat, and breeders (mostly European) began crossbreeding programs to ob...
hog (drug)
hallucinogenic drug with anesthetic properties, having the chemical name 1–(1–phencyclohexyl) piperidine. PCP was first developed in 1956 by Parke Davis Laboratories of Detroit for use as an anesthetic in veterinary medicine, though it is no longer used in this capacity. Used for a brief time...
hog badger (mammal)
The hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), also called the hog-nosed, or sand, badger, is a pale-clawed species of both lowland and mountainous regions in a range similar to that of ferret badgers. It is gray to black, with a black-and-white-striped head pattern and white throat, ears, and tail. It is 55–70 cm long, excluding the 12–20-cm tail, and weighs......
hog bristle
The type of material used to make a brush and its design are dictated by the intended use. Hog bristles, for example, have long been used for paintbrushes and art brushes because such animal fibres are flexible and resilient and display an excellent capacity for holding paint. Each individual bristle has a broad, sturdy base and a tapered tip that splits into several fine filaments. The hair of......
hog cholera (disease)
serious and often fatal viral disease of swine. Characterized by high fever and exhaustion, the disease is transmitted from infected pigs via numerous carrier agents, including vehicles in which pigs are conveyed from place to place, dealers who journey from farm to farm, and farm attendants. The virus may be present in garb...
hog flu (disease)
a respiratory disease of pigs that is caused by an influenza virus. The first flu virus isolated from pigs was influenza A H1N1 in 1930. This virus is a subtype of influenza that is named for the composition of the proteins hemagglutinin (H) and ...
hog house (agriculture)
building for housing swine, particularly one with facilities for housing a number of hogs under one roof. Typical housing protects against extremes of heat and cold and provides draft-free ventilation, sanitary bedding, and feeding. Simple hog houses are sometimes called sties....
hog plum (plant)
(species Spondias mombin), ornamental purplish green flowered tree, of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae), native to tropical areas of the world. The hog plum and several other species of the genus Spondias are cultivated for their edible,...
hog-nosed badger (mammal)
The hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), also called the hog-nosed, or sand, badger, is a pale-clawed species of both lowland and mountainous regions in a range similar to that of ferret badgers. It is gray to black, with a black-and-white-striped head pattern and white throat, ears, and tail. It is 55–70 cm long, excluding the 12–20-cm tail, and weighs......
hog-nosed bat (mammal)
...Walk well; often roost in crevices, tree hollows, attics, grottoes, and caves; colonial, in touching clusters. Family Craseonycteridae (hog-nosed, or bumblebee, bat)1 tiny species of Thailand, Craseonycteris thonglongyai, perhaps the smallest living mammal. ...
hog-nosed skunk (mammal)
The hog-nosed skunks (genus Conepatus) of North America can be larger than striped skunks, but those of Chile and Argentina are smaller. In the northern part of their range, they have a single solid white stripe starting at the top of the head that covers the tail and back. In Central and South America they have the typical “V” pattern. Hog-nosed skunks have no markings......
hōgaku (Japanese music)
The pre-Meiji period of 19th-century Japanese traditional music, known generically as hōgaku vis-à-vis Western music (yōgaku), was generally strong. It has been noted that certain styles of samisen music had been able to create concert repertoires disconnected from dance or party accompaniment......
hogan (Navajo dwelling)
traditional dwelling and ceremonial structure of the Navajo Indians of Arizona and New Mexico. Early hogans were dome-shaped buildings with log, or occasionally stone, frameworks. Once framed, the structure was then covered with mud, dirt, or sometimes sod. The entrance generally faced east, toward the ...
Hogan, Ben (American golfer)
American professional golfer who became supreme in the decade after World War II. His exceptional will and rigorous practice routine enabled him to play winning golf after an automobile accident (1949) in which he was injured so severely that he was not expected to walk again....
Hogan, Vickie Lynn (American celebrity)
Nov. 28, 1967 Mexia, TexasFeb. 8, 2007Hollywood, Fla.American celebrity who engaged in a lifestyle that frequently captured tabloid headlines, especially when she married 89-year-old Texas oil billionaire J. Howard Marshall II in 1994, at the age of 26. His death 14 months later led to a h...
Hogan, William Benjamin (American golfer)
American professional golfer who became supreme in the decade after World War II. His exceptional will and rigorous practice routine enabled him to play winning golf after an automobile accident (1949) in which he was injured so severely that he was not expected to walk again....
Hogan’s Heroes (American television series)
...and My Mother the Car (NBC, 1965–66), which delivered just what its title promised. Of all the new shows of the 1965–66 season, perhaps Hogan’s Heroes (CBS, 1965–71) best exemplified the bizarre new direction TV entertainment was taking. Debuting in the top 10 of the Nielsen ratings, Hogan...
Hogarth Act (Great Britain [1735])
...unscrupulously pirated editions, he fought to obtain legislation protecting artist’s copyright and held back the eight-part Rake’s Progress until a law of that nature, known as the Hogarth Act, was passed in 1735. In the following year Hogarth moved into the house in Leicester Fields that he was to occupy until his death....
Hogarth, Ann (British puppeteer)
...designed for television, sometimes combining puppets with human performers, did, however, gain great success. In England, for instance, Muffin the Mule and his animal friends, manipulated by Ann Hogarth, appeared from 1946 on the top of a piano at which Annette Mills played and sang. In the United States a series featuring the Kuklapolitans, created by Burr Tillstrom, began airing in......
Hogarth, David George (British archaeologist)
English archaeologist, director of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (1909–27), and diplomat who was associated with the excavation of several important archaeological sites....
Hogarth Press (British publishing house)
In 1917 the Woolfs bought a printing press and founded the Hogarth Press, named for Hogarth House, their home in the London suburbs. The Woolfs themselves (she was the compositor while he worked the press) published their own Two Stories in the summer of 1917. It consisted of Leonard’s Three Jews and Virginia’s The...
Hogarth, William (English artist)
the first great English-born artist to attract admiration abroad, best known for his moral and satirical engravings and paintings—e.g., A Rake’s Progress (eight scenes, begun 1732). His attempts to build a reputation as a history painter and portraitist, however, met with financial disappointment, and his aesthetic theories had mo...
hogback ridge (geology)
...the differential weathering and erosion of the hard capping layer and the soft underlying cliff maker, which erodes more rapidly. Cuestas with dip slopes of 40°–45° are usually called hogback ridges....
Hogben, Lancelot Thomas (English scientist)
English zoologist, geneticist, medical statistician, and linguist, known especially for his many contributions to the study of social biology....
Hogbom, Jan (Swedish physicist)
During the 1960s the Swedish physicist Jan Hogbom developed a technique called CLEAN, which is used to remove the spurious responses from a celestial radio image caused by the use of discrete, rather than continuous, spacings in deriving the radio image. Further developments, based on a technique introduced in the early 1950s by the British scientists Roger Jennison and Francis Graham Smith,......
hogbrake (plant)
...rough hairy stems, mostly lobed or divided leaves, and inconspicuous greenish flowers that are borne in small heads, the male in terminal spikes and the female in the upper axils of the leaves. The common ragweed (A. artemisiifolia), also called Roman wormwood, hogweed, hogbrake, and bitterweed, is found across the North American continent. It typically grows about 1 metre (3.5 feet)......
hogchoker (fish)
North American fish, a species of sole....
Hoge, Jane Currie Blaikie (American social worker)
American welfare worker and fund-raiser, best remembered for her impressive organizational efforts to provide medical supplies and other material relief to Union soldiers during the Civil War....
Hoge Raad (Dutch court)
...from cantonal court decisions. Appeals against decisions from the district courts are heard by one of five courts of appeal (gerechtshoven). The Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) ensures a uniform application of the law, but it cannot determine constitutionality. In the legislative process itself, the government and the parliament together pass judgment on the......
Hōgen Disturbance (Japanese history)
(July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the Hōgen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked the end of the Fujiwara family’s dominance of the monarchy and the start of a prolonged period of feudal warfare....
Hōgen no ran (Japanese history)
(July 1156), in Japan, conflict in the Hōgen era between the Taira and Minamoto clans that marked the end of the Fujiwara family’s dominance of the monarchy and the start of a prolonged period of feudal warfare....
Hogendorp, Dirk van (Dutch statesman)
Dutch statesman and official of the Dutch East India Company who tried to incorporate the liberal ideas of the French Revolution into Dutch colonial policy and thereby stimulated wide controversy....
Hogendorp, Gijsbert Karel van (Dutch politician)
...in 1806—and that it was desirable that it be established by the Dutch people rather than imposed by the eventual allied victors. The movement for restoration was led by a remarkable figure, Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp, a man of firm political principle who had refused to serve any of the governments that ruled in Holland after 1795 yet accepted the necessity for a reestablished prince.....
hogfish (fish)
any of certain species of fishes in the wrasse family, Labridae (order Perciformes). Although representatives of the family are found in tropical to temperate oceans throughout the world, the hogfishes occur only in the Atlantic, predominantly in the West Indies....
Hogg, Douglas McGarel, 1st Viscount Hailsham of Hailsham (British lawyer and politician)
British lawyer and politician, a prominent member of the Conservative Party in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords....
Hogg, James (Scottish poet)
Scottish poet, known as the “Ettrick Shepherd,” who enjoyed a vogue during the ballad revival that accompanied the Romantic movement....
Hogg, Kathleen Erin (American novelist)
June 3, 1939Alexandria, La.July 6, 2007Princeton, Minn.American romance novelist who was the author of 14 hefty bodice rippers, and she was credited with being the first to salt historical fiction with steamy sex scenes. Her paperbacks, beginning with The Flame and the Flower (1972),...
Hogg, Quintin (British educator)
English philanthropist, social reformer, and founder of the Polytechnic, which became a model for later social and educational centres for underprivileged youth. For more than three decades, Hogg and his wife devoted their time and fortune to working among poor young people in London....
Hogg, Quintin McGarel (British politician)
British politician (b. Oct. 9, 1907, London, Eng.—d. Oct. 12, 2001, London), between 1938 and 1987 served six Conservative governments in a variety of posts, most notably 12 years (1970–74, 1979–87) as lord high chancellor (head of the British judiciary), a position his father, Viscount Hailsham, had held in the 1920s. Hogg was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, calle...
Hogg, Thomas Jefferson (English biographer)
English writer best known as the first biographer of his friend Percy Bysshe Shelley....
Hogg-Priestly, Helen Battles Sawyer (Canadian astronomer)
U.S.-born Canadian astronomer (b. Aug. 1, 1905, Lowell, Mass.--d. Jan. 28, 1993, Toronto, Ont.), was an internationally recognized expert in the field of variable stars within globular star clusters, and she spent her entire professional career catalog...
Hoggar (plateau, Africa)
large plateau in the north centre of the Sahara, on the Tropic of Cancer, North Africa. Its height is above 3,000 feet (900 m), culminating in Mount Tahat (9,573 feet [2,918 m]) in southeastern Algeria. The plateau, about 965 miles (1,550 km) north to s...
Hoglin’s Town (Ohio, United States)
city, Belmont county, eastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (there bridged to Wheeling, W.Va.), about 60 miles (100 km) west of Pittsburgh, Pa. Squatters in the 1770s and ’80s formed settlements (Hoglin’s, or Mercer’s, Town and Norristown) on the site. In 1795 Absalom Martin ...
Hogmanay (Scottish festival)
Haggis is served on Burns Night (January 25, the birthday of the poet Robert Burns, who wrote “Ode to a Haggis”) and at the Scottish New Year’s celebration Hogmanay, when it is ceremonially presented to the accompaniment of bagpipes....
Hogni (German mythology)
mythological Germanic hero who plays a variety of roles in a number of northern European legends. In the Nibelungenlied, he appears as a vassal of the Burgundian king Gunther and is a grizzled warrior, loyal and wary. He plays a principal role in the epic as the slayer of Siegfried, who becomes the chief object of hatred and revenge of Siegfried’s widow, Kriemhild. The last of the Ni...
hognose snake (reptile, Heterodon genus)
(genus Heterodon), any of three species of North American nonvenomous snakes belonging to the family Colubridae. They are named for the upturned snout, which is used for digging. These are the harmless but often-avoided puff adders, or blow snakes, of North America. When threatened, they flatten the head and neck, th...
hognut (Conopodium majus)
European plant of the carrot family (Apiaceae), so called because of its edible tubers. It grows in woods and fields in the British Isles and from Norway, France, Spain, and Portugal to Italy and Corsica. The slender, smooth perennial, growing 750 mm to 1 m (30 to 39 inches) high, has much-divided leaves and small, white flowers in compound umbels...
Hogoleu Islands (islands, Micronesia)
cluster of 16 much-eroded high volcanic islands, Federated States of Micronesia, in the western Pacific Ocean. The name Chuuk means “high mountains” in the Chuukese language, one of several Malayo-Polynesian languages that are used in the islands. Forming part of the eastern Caroline...
hogon (African religious leader)
Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Their metaphysical system—which categorizes physical objects, personifies good and evil, and defines the spiritual......
högstra domstolen (Swedish court)
...(tingsrätter), the intermediate courts of appeal (hovrätter), and the Supreme Court (högsta domstolen). District courts play the dominant role. A peculiar feature of these courts is a panel of lay assessors (nämndemän...
hogweed (plant)
...rough hairy stems, mostly lobed or divided leaves, and inconspicuous greenish flowers that are borne in small heads, the male in terminal spikes and the female in the upper axils of the leaves. The common ragweed (A. artemisiifolia), also called Roman wormwood, hogweed, hogbrake, and bitterweed, is found across the North American continent. It typically grows about 1 metre (3.5 feet)......
hogweed (cow parsnip grouping)
any of certain plant species of the cow parsnip group....
“hohe Lied, Das” (work by Sudermann)
Among Sudermann’s other works, the novel Das hohe Lied (1908; The Song of Songs), a sympathetic study of the downward progress of a seduced girl, and Litauische Geschichten (1917; The Excursion to Tilsit), a collection of stories dealing with the simple villagers of his native region, are notable. Das Bilderbuch meiner Jugend (1922; The Book of My......
hohe Minne (literature)
in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. Amour courtois also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end of the 11th century. It constituted a revolution in thought and feeling, the effects of which are...
hôhe minne (literature)
in the later Middle Ages, a highly conventionalized code that prescribed the behaviour of ladies and their lovers. Amour courtois also provided the theme of an extensive courtly medieval literature that began with the troubadour poetry of Aquitaine and Provence in southern France toward the end of the 11th century. It constituted a revolution in thought and feeling, the effects of which are...
Hohe Tauern (mountains, Austria)
segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]), the highest point in Austria. The range is crossed by road through the Felber Tauern Tunnel (east of Grossvenediger) and t...
Hohe Tauern National Park (nature reserve, Austria)
segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]), the highest point in Austria. The range is crossed by road through the Felber Tauern Tunnel (east of Grossvenediger) and t...
Hohe Tauern Naturschutzpark (nature reserve, Austria)
segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]), the highest point in Austria. The range is crossed by road through the Felber Tauern Tunnel (east of Grossvenediger) and t...
Hohenemser, Kurt (American engineer)
German-born American aerospace engineer (b. Jan. 3, 1906, Berlin, Ger.—d. April 7, 2001, St. Louis, Mo.), was a pioneer in the field of helicopter design. During World War II, Hohenemser worked in Germany for inventor ...
Hohenheim, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von (German-Swiss physician)
German-Swiss physician and alchemist who established the role of chemistry in medicine. He published Der grossen Wundartzney (Great Surgery Book) in 1536 and a clinical description of syphilis in 1530....
Hohenlinden, Battle of (European history)
...played the same leading role in the War of the Second Coalition that it did in the War of the First Coalition, with the same unfortunate result. The French victories at Marengo (June 14, 1800) and Hohenlinden (December 3, 1800) forced Emperor Francis II to agree to the Treaty of Lunéville (February 9, 1801), which confirmed the cession of the Rhineland. More than that, those rulers who.....
Hohenlohe (district, Germany)
The Hohenlohe district is the granary of Baden-Württemberg. It lies around the old free city of Schwäbisch Hall and extends all the way to the borders of Bavaria at Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Large farms and numerous, often well-preserved, castles provide ample evidence of the wealth of Hohenlohe in past centuries....