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The Highest Lake in the World

http://www.highestlake.com/highest-lake-world.html

(C)Copyright 2002 by Carl Drews
Last update: August 20, 2010

Return to main Highest Lake page.

Unofficial lake names (not recognized by the governing authorities) are in "quotes". This is not an exhaustive list; it's hard to get accurate geographical information from the remote regions of the Himalayas. I have found this information mostly by searching on the Internet for "highest lake" and things like that. Even the pictures here may be incorrect; I've seen travel brochures that reverse the Maroon Bells left-to-right, or label a photo of Mt. Rainier as "The Rocky Mountains." If you see any wrong or inaccurate information on this page, please contact me with a correction. Note that 1 meter = 3.28084 feet.

Contents:

Emerging Lakes

Cold is the enemy of a high lake. Cold prevents liquid water from forming and collecting, and a true lake should have some liquid water year-round. There are many catchment areas high in the mountains that are capable of collecting liquid water, and some of these are now filled with snow and ice. As the climate gets warmer, it's probable that they will melt out and a new high lake will emerge. Dr. Nathalie Cabrol at NASA Ames is interested in monitoring such areas to study how a new alpine habitat develops.

For example, the volcano Parinacota on the border between Bolivia and Chile is 6,348 meters high (20,827 feet). It has a spectacular summit crater about 300 meters in diameter. If the climate in that area gets warmer, or if the volcano heats up a bit, it's possible that a crater lake could form there that would displace Lake Licancabur as the highest lake on earth. Stay tuned . . .

Dryness is also the enemy of a high lake. Dr. Cabrol points out that a potential lake must be perennial (lasting throughout the whole year) in order to qualify. Dryness is especially a problem in Chile's Atacama Desert. There are some known bodies of liquid water that form only during the snowmelt season, and dry up completely during the dry season (at Sairecabur). This does not prevent little hibernating bugs from living there, but it does disqualify the site from being a true lake. In this case we might have an emerging high lake if the climate gets wetter.

I'm uncertain if a high lake should be disqualified if it freezes solid all the way down to the bottom during the winter. Must a lake contain at least one cubic meter of liquid water year-round? I think so, but how do we check this? Who gets to climb up to a potential lake in the middle of winter, drill through the ice at hopefully the deepest point, verify that there's no water before hitting rock bottom, and try to do all this in a "typical" winter? Oh well, we've gotta leave some exploring for our children and grandchildren to do . . .

Ojos del Salado Pool is on the east face of Ojos del Salado, the highest active volcano on the southeast side of the border between Chile and Argentina. I was notified of this lake in 2007. Andes has a nice picture of this pool at the link below:
http://www.andes.org.uk/peak-info-6000/ojos-info.htm

Andes reports that Ojos del Salado Pool is 100 meters in diameter. If the lake is circular, this measurement means that the surface area is 0.785 hectares. That is why I classified this lake as a "pool"; according to my definition on the home page, a true "lake" must occupy at least 1.0 hectares.

That figure of 100 meters is probably an estimate. I would love to promote Ojos del Salado Pool to "lake" status, but we need an accurate measurement of its size. If you plan to climb Ojos del Salado, here's what you need to do: Pace around the edge of the lake, and count your number of steps. When you get back to a measuring tape, measure ten of your strides. I will calculate the surface area from that, and post your results here. It will also be helpful if you can estimate how close the pool is to circular.

"East Rongbuk Pool" is a temporary lake that forms during snowmelt season at the confluence of the East Rongbuk Glacier and the Changtse (Beifeng) Glacier. The following trip itinerary from Jagged Globe Mountaineering describes the arrival at Lake Camp:
http://www.jagged-globe.co.uk/exp/itinerary/north+col_itinerary.html

Day 14: Trek to Lake Camp (6,100m).
Today we hike up the aptly named Magic Highway. This is an unlikely river of moraine that flows right through the middle of the treacherous ice pinnacles of the East Rongbuk Glacier. The route is surprisingly easy walking, although the altitude makes it hard work! The re-appearance of Everest is a pleasant distraction, and we can now see the whole of the North East Ridge, from the Raphu La to the summit. This is an immense mountain! The Highway finally drifts in toward the east ridge of Changtse, where a lake often forms. We camp here below the final steepening which leads to advance base camp.

East Rongbuk Pool became a huge problem for a BBC expedition in 2000, because it blocked the trail up to Advance Base Camp (on the north approach to Mt. Everest). Graham Hoyland writes:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/exploration/everest/updates/update2505.shtml

More problems. A huge glacier lake has formed down the valley and is preventing the yaks from getting up to us. The Sherpas, Russell [Brice] and I walk down to Changtse Base Camp to see if we can drain it or bypass it. The lake is really beautiful. It's where the glacier from Changtse has joined our glacier, and the 100-foot ice sails are clustered around the new lake like some sort of Arctic Cowes week. There are lots of yaks waiting on the other side. Soon the British T.A. guys join us; like Russell they have always helped with these joint endeavours, unlike most of the other expeditions. We try making a causeway of rocks, but the water is about 3 metres deep. Eventually we cut a new trail into the mountainside using pickaxes and shovels. There was talk of getting explosives from the villages below to blow a gap in the ice retaining wall, but apparently Semtex is regarded as profane by the holy men in the monastery in the valley below, a problem we don't have in our country.

Another account by Himalayan Experience of the same expedition reports:
http://www.himex.com/archives/everest00/may29.htm

26th May - Day 60
As if Russ [Brice] hasn't got enough on his plate, news reaches us that a glacial lake has filled in behind us about a quarter of the way between ABC and BC. This means that yak trains cannot get through. Russ leads a team of 15 to go down and dig a metre wide yak trail skirting the lake for several hundred yards to give safe passage. The worry is that the water will continue to rise too fast!

28th May - Day 62 - D1 of Summit Attempt 2.
Meantime down in ABC Russ wrestles with the lake at the Changtse glacier which is worse, is now swamping the new trail and is still filling. We hadn't thought of bringing a boat on the expedition inventory! Russ coordinates with the Tibetan Mountaineering Association and the British Army on a solution.

Russell Brice later reported to me that the lake drains later in the season, and for this reason East Rongbuk Pool cannot be considered a true lake. It does not appear on any map that I've seen. I list it here as one of the interesting "near-lakes", or pools, that form high in the Himalayas at certain times of the year.

The East Rongbuk Glacier is very slow-moving compared with other alpine glaciers. This characteristic makes it suitable for extracting ice cores and using them for long-term climate studies:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/trop/rongbuk/rongbuk.html

Marko Riikonen has an excellent photo gallery of the Chilean volcanos and their crater lakes here:
http://www.ursa.fi/~riikonen
http://www.ursa.fi/~riikonen/Acamarachi.html

19,731-foot high Volcan Licancábur (Licancabur) rises near northern Chile's Atacama Desert. There is a small lake in the summit crater of the volcano! Inca ruins line the lake. See this page at Peakware:
http://www.peakware.com/encyclopedia/peaks/licancabur.htm

See also Claudio Seebach's page:
http://www2.ing.puc.cl/~cseebach/Climbing/norte/licancabur/index.html
Carl writes to Claudio: "How big is the summit lake in Licancabur? How far is it below the true summit? I am interested in if it is the highest lake in the world."
Claudio writes back: "It's at 5900, inside the summit, about 50 m... The highest is always a doubtful thing: what is a lake ?"
I think Claudio's "5900" figure is a rough estimate for the elevation.

The page below by Michael Endl contains a picture of the lake. Michael points out that the international border between Chile and Bolivia runs right through the volcano Licancábur. It's not clear if the summit lake is entirely in Chile, or in Bolivia, or split in half between the two countries.
http://www.astro.univie.ac.at/~endl/climbing/licancabur.html

"Within the 400 m diameter summit crater (SC) is a fresh water lake, about 90 m x 70 m. This is one of the highest lakes in the world and hosts a planktonic fauna of considerable interest to biologists. A high altitude diving expedition in 1984 found the lake to be <4m deep with a temperature of 6 °C at the bottom (Leach, 1986)." I'd sure like to meet the folks who hauled scuba gear up to 19,400 feet!
http://volcano.indstate.edu/cvz/lica.html
That information puts the surface area of the lake at about 0.5 hectares. At least that's bigger than my back yard.

One of the summit logs on this page at PeakWare also refers to a "little green crater lake" at the summit. The green color comes from the plankton or bacteria in the lake.
http://www.peakware.com/wsl/logs/licancabur.htm

Here are some excellent pictures of the summit lake of Licancabur by Marko Riikonen, including Leena swimming in the lake. That's gotta be the world's highest swim! The green color of the lake has probably been washed out photographically by the sunlight on the surrounding snow.
http://www.ursa.fi/~riikonen/likasivu.html

News Flash!!!
Dr. Nathalie Cabrol is a planetary geologist with NASA Ames in Southern California. She is studying the presence of ancient water on Mars, and the possibility of Martian life forms. Lake Licancabur is the closest analog to Mars on earth: cold, dry, windy, and protected by only a thin atmosphere. So Dr. Cabrol is leading a scientific expedition to Licancábur from October 16 through November 9, 2002! The scientists plan to survey the highest lake on earth, dive in its depths, catalog the bacteria and algae that live there, and look for extremophiles that can survive the harsh ultraviolet light at 19,000 feet. You can read more about the expedition at the following web site:
http://www.extremeenvironment.com/index.htm

Dr. Cabrol reports that there is another high lake on the Sairecabur volcano nearby. The Sairecabur lake is seasonal only. The following web page mentions the lake in the summit crater of Escalante:
http://volcano.indstate.edu/cvz/esca.html

Here is a four-part article in Astrobiology Magazine about the Licancábur expedition (October 21, 2002 - November 11, 2002).
http://www.astrobio.net/news/article297.html
http://www.astrobio.net/news/article301.html
http://www.astrobio.net/news/article306.html
http://www.astrobio.net/news/article310.html

The NASA expeditions in 2002 and 2003 repeatedly measured the summit elevation of Licancábur at 6014 meters using GPS equipment, and the lake itself at 5916 meters (98 meters below the summit). Topographical maps of the Licancabur volcano list a summit altitude of 5930 or 5916 meters, based on an older geographical survey of the area. This discrepancy is not a big deal - the heights of Mt. Everest and K2 have also been updated from the original surveys. I have listed here the heights for Licancabur as reported by the NASA expeditions. As of December 2003 the other elevations in Chile are from the older topo maps and surveys.

The NASA expedition also confirmed the lake size of 90 m x 70 m. Nathalie Cabrol recorded a water depth of 5.2 meters (17 feet) in one spot using a hand-held sonar device, but that may not be absolutely the deepest point.

"Aguas Calientes Pool" is in the broad summit crater of the volcano Aguas Calientes in northern Chile. The image below is copyright 2003 by Marko Riikonen:
http://www.ursa.fi/~riikonen/Aquas%20Calientes.html

There is clear evidence in the pictures that the shoreline has been higher. Marko writes:

As long as those crater lakes don't dry up, I would look at them as genuine lakes (or pools, whatever the term). Acamarachi had algae, so it probably stays wet all year round. Aquas Calientes and Chiliques had no life to be seen at least with naked eye, but they are such big lakes that there is no doubt about them staying wet year round.

If I say Aquas was about 40 meters at its long axis I won't be lying too much. I feel uncomfortable to give these figures, who knows how wrong they would turn out?

Agreed. It's difficult to estimate the distance across a lake just by eyeballing it, and most climbers don't carry a tape measure. I would suggest that mountaineers walk around the edge of the lake and count their steps. Try to walk normally at 5,000 meters! Pace off the distance around the lake, and write it down. Later you can measure the length of your steps accurately so we can multiply to get the lake's circumference. That measurement will help to estimate the lake's overall size.

From Volcanoes of the Central Andes:
"A shallow crater lake is present with the summit crater, and is apparently unfrozen on the air photograph and TM images."
http://volcano.space.edu/cvz/agca.html
"Note the summit crater rimmed by lavas and containing a small lake."
http://volcano.space.edu/cvz/agcaimg.html

For vulcanologists, here's an interesting tidbit from Riikonen:

Funny thing about Chiliques lake is that in January 2001 satellite detected hot spots in the volcano, on flanks and crater meaning magma is just below the surface. So we went up there in 2002 and expected to see some indication of elevated temperature. The lake was deep frozen! The ice was thick as what! So much for the hot spot. Two years earlier only week or two later [in the season] it was all liquid.

For maps of this lake, see "Karda Lake". "Ridonglabo Lake" is a classical moraine lake produced by climate warming. The glacier retreated from its terminal moraine, leaving a depression in which glacial meltwater could collect into a lake. We know this happened between 1925 and 1988 because we have two maps of the area from those years.

The only thing standing between Ridonglabo Lake and my definition of a lake on the main page is for somebody to visit the lake on the ground and dip their toe into the water. The surface area of Ridonglabo Lake is about 3 hectares - plenty big enough to qualify. It's possible in 2003 that no human has ever visited Ridonglabo Lake. Although the Karda approach to Everest was used by George Mallory himself before the fatal 1924 British Everest Expedition, most climbers would go straight up the Kharta Glacier and then over Lhakpa La to the North Col, instead of exploring up that side valley. And I'm almost positive that nobody's ever gone windsurfing on Ridonglabo Lake!

The volcano Damavand in northern Iran has a small lake in its summit crater during the summer.
http://www.skimountaineer.com/ROF/Beyond/Damavand/Damavand.html
This one sounds remarkably similar to "Lake Licancábur".

http://users.bendnet.com/bjensen/volcano/middleeast/iran-damavand.html
"The summit crater is about 150 m wide and 20 m deep, with a 40-m diameter frozen lake in the bottom. Although the summit rises to 5,670 m above sea level, there is no permanent glacier because of the dry climate." Therefore "Damavand Pool" is at 5,650 meters above sea level.

It appears that Damavand Pool cannot qualify as a true lake because it's too small, and because it disappears during the winter. It's not clear if the pool vanishes during the winter because it evaporates completely, sinks into the soil, or because it freezes solid down to the bottom.

In 1881 the summit crater had no lake, only snow:
http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Cabana/4186/damavand2.html
"This is what Mr. Stack, in 1881, had to say of the view: 'From the summit which consists of a crater with snow and ice, a horizon of 50,000 square miles is unrolled in clear weather. The crater is some 200 yards in diameter, girt with a ring of yellow rocks of nearly pure sulfur, exhaling a pestiferous smell. The hollow is entirely filled up with snow.'"

12. Thukpe Dzingbu Pool, 5,563 meters = 18,251 feet, Tibet

Anil Borkar of Bombay, India, told me about Thukpe Dzingbu. Anil reports: "This lake is also known as Gauri Kund and Tukje Tso (Tso means lake in Tibetan). The high altitude keeps the lake frozen even in summer months. This holy lake has very high religious importance in Hindus and Buddhists. This lake is situated near Mt Kailash adjacent to Drolma-la Pass." (I'm calling this one a "pool" because I think it's too small to meet the definition of a lake.)

Other links:
http://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/kheradia/14.html
http://www.all-india-travel-guide.com/mount-kailash-yatra/gauri-kund.html
http://www.anavilsamaj.com/kailas__manasarovar.htm
http://www.garyscottadventures.com/Tibet_HumlaMtKaileshTrip.aspx

Travel Addicts has a discussion of Panch Pokhri vs. Lake Titicaca here:
http://www.traveladdicts.connectfree.co.uk/Peru/Lake_Titicaca.htm

The Mera Peak - Imja Tse 1998 Expedition has an interesting trip report at the link below. The picture of Panch Pokhri below is copyright 1998 by Eduard Holthof:
http://www.euronet.nl/users/kornholt/HTML/panchp.html

Cholamu Lake (Chola Mu Lake) in Sikkim, India is the source of the river Teesta (Tista). Here is a web page at Sikkiminfo describing the notable high lakes of Sikkim, usually without elevations given (Copyright©1999-2001, Sikkim Computers & Systems(P.) Ltd.):
http://www.sikkiminfo.net/physical_features.htm#lakes

The picture in that link looks substantially different than the yak picture below. Is there something amiss?

This page says Cholamu Lake is at 18,000 feet. The article is from Down to Earth journal (Vol 7, No 3 June 30, 1998) Copyright © CSE Centre for Science and Environment.
http://www.home-all.org.uk/html/dte/dte980630/dte_cover.htm

The lake is near Donkiala Pass at 18,500 feet. So 18,000 feet for the lake itself sounds reasonable. (At Travel O Mart, Copyright ©2001 Sunrise Group Of Companies.)
http://www.travelomart.com/travel/newsite/states/sikkim/trek.htm

Niladri Mukherjee, originally from Kolkata (Calcutta), West Bengal, India (now located in New Jersey, USA) sent me this beautiful picture of Guru Dangmar Lake. He reports that the Government of Sikkim tourism information lists the lake at 17400 ft above sea level.

Copyright October 2005 by Niladri Mukherjee. You can see his other photos at:
http://outdoors.webshots.com/album/333138166FDtpnd

I would like to get a GPS reading of the elevation of Gurudangmar Lake to resolve these discrepancies in elevation. Karamjeet Singh also has an excellent web page on the high Himalayan lakes. It lists Chandratal Lake at 15,500 feet.
http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/5112/week.html

Arun from Bangalore, India reports that there is a sign by Gurudongmar Lake listing the elevation at 17,100 feet. Gurudongmar and Cholamu Lake are in a sensitive border area of Sikkim. Access and photographs there are restricted by the Indian military.

Himalayan Travel Trade Journal reports "an altitude of 5,074 m above mean sea level":
http://www.httj.com.np/gurudongmar.htm

Orba Co in Tibet is at 17,090 feet (5,209 meters). It's notable also for containing several islands. This web page "Island Superlatives" by Josh Calder asserts that they are the highest islands in the world:
http://users.erols.com/jcalder/SUPERLATIVESV2.html

The following web pages from X-SAR Mission X2 contain slides of remote sensing data near Xizang Zizhiqu in the Himalayas.
http://isis.dlr.de/XSAR/dts/X1_04201.html
http://isis.dlr.de/XSAR/dts/X2_05811.html
I think that's Orba Co Lake below in the upper right-hand corner. I count three islands. The image was taken on October 3, 1994.
http://isis.dlr.de/XSAR/slides/st19648.html
The following image from April 11, 1994 shows Orba Co in the upper left-hand corner, with ice covering about 3/4 of the lake's surface.
http://isis.dlr.de/XSAR/slides/st03013.html

In the August 28, 2000 issue of "Wit and Wisdom" they mention Lake Orba Co as containing the highest island in the world. There is also a paragraph about Tibet.
http://www.witandwisdom.org/archive/20000828.htm

Here is a commercial site (containing mountain photos) by Eduardo Pretell. He's got a nice photo of Laguna Glacial available as a print.
http://www.visionsoftravel.com/bolivia/bolivia-tn.htm

Imja Lake is forming by glacial melting and did not even exist in 1960. Feel free to skip it on that basis if you don't want to count this one as a lake.
http://archive.greenpeace.org/~climate/docs/imja.pdf

The BBC carried a news story about the flood dangers of this lake, and mistakenly put the elevation at 6,000 meters.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2681339.stm
The correct lake level is 5,010 meters (16,437 feet).
http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/hsj/454/45401.htm

Some organizations are working to prevent an outburst flood on Imja Lake, in order to protect downstream populations.
http://www.panasia.org.sg/nepalnet/water/khumbu.htm
http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0609-02.htm

Is Lake Tilicho in Nepal at 5,200 meters (17,060 feet)?
http://www.leshalleswww.ch/erlebnisse_eng_1.htm

More likely Lake Tilicho is at 4,919 meters (16,138 feet):
http://www.shangrila-nepal.com/royal-nepals-nepal.htm

Here are some pictures of Lake Tilicho, © Photo by Santosh Pokhrel:
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/rajs/lakes/tilicho.html
http://members.aol.com/mpokhrel/tilicho2.htm
http://members.aol.com/mpokhrel/tilicho1.htm
http://www.lirung.com/trek20012/tilicho/tilichophotoind04.html

Andrei Andryushin, Denis Bakin, and Maxim Gresko went diving in Lake Tilicho in September 2000. The title of the article below is "No One Will Ever Dive Higher or Report on the Unknown Expedition".
http://homepage.mac.com/moscow/Personal11.html

21. Suraj Tal Lake, 4,883 meters = 16,020 feet, India

Anil Borkar of Bombay, India submitted the following description and picture of Lake Suraj Tal:

In the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, at the altitude of 4883 meters (16,020 feet) lies the lake Suraj Tal. This lake is just below the summit of famed Baralacha pass. The river Bhaga originates from this lake. One of the most adventurous roads in the world, Manali to Leh and Ladakh, passes along this lake.

Borkar determined the lake elevation from the Geological survey of India. Additional links:
http://www.himachalworld.com/himachal-geography/lakes-in-himachal.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suraj_Tal

Qente Adventure Trips can get you to Sibinacocha Lake and Ausangate Mountain:
http://www.qente.com/eng/programas/exp_sib7.htm

The lake is 15 km in length and 2 km wide. That's a good size. I wonder how deep it is?

Dr. Hillary Hamann at Colorado College does high-altitude research on the Sibinacocha watershed:
http://stripe.colorado.edu/~hamann/research.html
http://faculty1.coloradocollege.edu/~hhamann/homepage/research.htm#Peru
She puts the elevation of the watershed at approximately 4800 meters.

This page has a nice picture of the lake by Bernard Cathelain (in French):
http://bernard.cathelain.free.fr/Voyages/Perou2002/Perou3.htm#sibina

This page at Aventours puts Laguna Sibinacocha at 4,800 meters also:
http://www.aventours.com/Auz&Sibina12D11N.htm;

Inca Explorers puts the lake level at 4,835 meters up on the Cordillera Vilcanota, so I'll use that figure. That's 15,863 feet.
http://www.incaexplorers.com/english/ie_corvi.html
That trip description mentions another even higher lake: Laguna Ccascana (4,930m)!

Reader Georges Welterlin sent me the following link at TrekEarth. It shows a gallery of high Andean lakes above 12,500 feet:
http://www.trekearth.com/themes.php?thid=1821

NASA declares: "At an altitude of 4,727 m (15,510 ft), Lake Manasarowar is one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world." I don't distinguish between freshwater and saltwater lakes. I wonder why they do? This report has some interesting satellite photographs of Manasarovar Lake:
http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/NASA.Educational.Products/Exploring.Earth.From.Space/Tibetan.Plateau.pdf

Anil Borkar of Bombay, India sent me the following picture of Lake Mansarover, with Tibetan prayer flags fluttering in the foreground:

This page states that Lake Namtso in Tibet (China) is the highest lake in the world. The altitude of Lake Namtso is 4,700 meters (15,420 feet) and the surface area is 1,940 square kilometers. This lake does not have a size problem! In China they call it Namco Lake (or Namucuo), and list the height at 4,718 meters (15,479 feet).
http://www.china.org.cn/english/2000/Oct/3081.htm

Anil Borkar from Bombay, India sent me the following photo and links for Lake Namitso:

http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/tibet/nakchu/heavenly_lake.htm
http://www.tibettrip.com/lhasa/namtso.htm

Rush Lake (Rush Phari) appears to be the highest lake in Pakistan. I asked Nisar Malik (see Karambar Lake) about this one and he said he might try to bag it with his sailboard next season if the lake is big enough. EcoExpeditions in Stavanger, Norway arranges trekking adventures in Pakistan; they can get you to Rush Lake:
http://www.ecoexpeditions.no/pakistan/rush_lake.htm

Deník India 00´ - 7 has a picture of Rush Phari (Rush Lake):
http://www.krajopad.cz/DENIKY/IND07.HTM
Search for "Rush Phari" and click on the "U jezera" link. That page is in Czech.

Laguna Lobato is high on the Chilean Altiplano. Like Schwarzsee ob Sölden in Europe, Lake Lobato illustrates the scientific value of high lakes. Dr. Mark Abbott of the University of Pittsburgh and Dr. Alexander Wolfe of the University of Alberta extracted sediment cores from the bottom of Lobato Lake in 2003 and used their contents to date the activity of a nearby silver mine at Cerro Rico de Potosi. Unlike the surrounding mountain terrain, high lakes collect material instead of losing it to erosion. Consequently, their bottom sediments contain a valuable record of past history for those who can manage to extract and read it.

The following article is from the Pitt Chronicle - September 29, 2003:
http://www.umc.pitt.edu/media/pcc030929/index.html
Here is a similar article in Scientific American - September 26, 2003:
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000867CA-4580-1F73-80F680A84189FF81
And on CNN.com - September 28, 2003:
http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/09/27/silver.mines.ap/

Here is some information from a Dutch initiative to prevent flooding disaster in Nepal (March 30, 1995). "At an elevation of 4600 meters, high above the villages in the Rolwaling Valley in Northeast Nepal, some 40 km from Mount Everest, lies Tsho Rolpa lake (2.6 km long, 0.5 km wide, 132 m deep): a giant liquid time bomb of 70 million m3 of water."
http://namche.net/ooo/bn-tsho-rolpa-b.html

So Tsho Rolpa lake is at 15,092 feet. Here is a gorgeous picture of the lake by Seth Sicroff:
http://www.namche.net/bridges/tsho-rolpa-01.html

Tsho Rolpa Lake is formed by a glacial moraine that partially blocks the flow of meltwater from the glacier. Due to global warming, there is more meltwater these days than there used to be. Glacial moraines, "constructed" naturally from rubble and glacial till, don't make very strong dams. The danger is that the moraine dam will burst in a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) and inundate the villages downstream in the valley. Here are some good pictures of the hazard mitigation project:
http://rolwaling.tripod.com/2k/2k-tr-fix.html

I "discovered" this particular high lake just by reading a news story about its flood potential. It was not listed or claimed to be a very high lake at all. Probably there are other high lakes in Nepal worthy of mention in this list before Lake Titicaca, but I don't know what they are.

Here is a view from the Apollo spacecraft of Ngangla Ringco in Tibet, site of the world's highest large island, at 15,510 feet (sent to me by Josh Calder):
http://www.apolloexplorer.co.uk/photo/html/AS7/10074892.htm
From that photo it should be obvious that there are many lakes in the Himalayas higher than 15,000 feet. So I'll cut off the Himalayan lakes here and list other notable high lakes in other parts of the world below.

The highest lake in Africa is one of the tarns (small glacial lakes) on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. It appears that the highest one is Simba Tarn at 4560m.
http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/mkroute.htm

Here is a photo of Gavin skipping stones on Simba Tarn (Copyright 1999 by Michael Abbott ):
http://www.mabot.com/images/1999/0000-0513%20skipping%20stones%20on%20tarn%20+2.html

Apparently there is a Lower Simba Tarn and an Upper Simba Tarn. Of course we want the upper one.

Mawenzi Tarn on the slopes of Kilimanjaro is another high one. Mawenzi Tarn is at 4,330m, or 14,210 feet. And if none of those do it for you, there's always Lake Michaelson on Mt. Kenya at 4,000 meters!

Lago Chungará is in Lauca National Park near Arica, Chile. Arica has the lowest annual average rainfall in the world (0.03 inches), so we should be thankful that there's any water there at all, let alone this beautiful lake! Here are some web sites that mention Lake Chungará:
http://www.cruiseweb.com/CUNARD-AMERICAS.HTM

Go Chile has an on-line guide to Lauca National Park:
http://www.gochile.cl/eng/Guide/ChileNationalParks/Lauca/Lauca-1.asp

The following web site is by Pablo Sepúlveda, describing mountain bike tours in the park:
http://www.paredsur.cl/pgal.htm
http://www.paredsur.cl/pmtb02.htm

Here is geological information on the volcanic peaks nearby:
http://volcano.indstate.edu/cvz/pari.html

See also Discover Chile Tours:
http://www.discover-chile.com/html/lauca_ntl__park_and_chungara_l.html

Adventure Associates
http://www.adventureassociates.com/southamerica/chile/chile_naturalparks.htm

30. Yamdrok Tso, 4,488 meters = 14,724 feet, Tibet

Anil Borkar of Bombay, India told me about this lake near Lhasa, and also sent the picture below. There appear to be roads near this lake, so you can probably drive to it.

Anil also contributed some links giving additional information:
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/picture/tibet/yamdrok_yumtso_lake/
http://www.schneuwly.com/tibet/yamdrok/yamdrokgal.htm
http://www.trincoll.edu/~nlam/Intro.htm

Hi,

A month and a half ago I was desperate to find some info on the high lakes of Pakistan. I did not find anything anywhere but I did find your site and the definitions of a lake!!! I have just returned from my trip and have some info for you (would love to send photos but dont know if your hotmail account will take it!). My trip was to windsurf high lakes and I did just that, now only if Guinness will approve my record:).

1. Sheosar Lake (Blind Lake) 4142m (Approx Length 2.3km Width 1.8km and average depth 40m) Lat N 34deg 59' 30.35" Lon E 75deg 14' 43.42" 13:17:08Z on the 15th of July 2003

2. Karambar Lake (High Point Lake) 4272m (Approx Length 3.9km Width 2km and average depth 52m) Lat N 36deg 53' 03.26" Lon E 73deg 42' 44.03" 08:35:09Z on the 27th of July 2003

3. Sirkhan Jui (Red Lake) 3786m (Approx Length 2km Width 0.8km average depth 28m) Lat N 36deg 52' 59.19" Lon E 73deg 25' 49.68" 13:52:29Z on the 29th of July 2003

I suppose all these classify as lakes according to your parameters!?

Geographically:

Sheosar is in the Deosai Plains - nearest known major town SKARDU
Karambar is in the Ishkoman Valley - nearest known major town Gupis - GILGIT
Sirkhan Jui is at the top of the Ishkoman Valley on the border with Afghanistan at the Wakhan Corridor. (Overlooking the famous Oxus river).

I hope this adds to your data base of lakes and I would appreciate an email when (if) you update your page. If you would like photographs please let me know.

Best wishes,
Nisar Malik
Islamabad Pakistan

Nisar used a GPS to determine the altitude and location of the lakes; however, the lengths, widths and depths are approximate. He says they employed a very rudimentary kit and methods to work those measurements out. He sent a picture, too (Copyright 2003 by Nisar Malik below). Check out that gnarly glacier coming down the mountain behind him!

Nisar Malik has completed a documentary film of his high-altitude sailing adventures. This movie will be aired in Asia in November 2003, and in the USA by National Geographic in May 2004. See Malik's web site for further details:
http://www.walkaboutfilms.tv/

Lake of the Sun is the highest lake in North America, beating out my "Pacific Tarn" by 110 meters, or 360 feet. (Drat!) Lake of the Sun and the smaller Lake of the Moon are in the crater of Mexico's Nevado de Toluca volcano. You can drive a car all the way to the lakes. Search the web for pictures and trip reports.

"Emerald Lakes" are at the Base Camp for Puncak Jaya and Carstenz Pyramid, on the Indonesian half of the island of New Guinea north of Australia. One of these is the highest lake in New Guinea, and the highest lake in Oceania. Climber Gavin Bate mentions them in one of his dispatches:
http://www.k2news.com/p7.htm

Base Camp for Carstensz Pyramid (4884m) and Puncak Jaya (4862) is at 4,200m:
http://www.ascendadventures.com/carstensz.htm

Here might be a picture that shows a lake at Puncak Jaya Base Camp. Look on the right side of the Carstensz Pyramid album, photo 7:
http://www.indonesiaphoto.com/modules.php?set_albumName=carstensz&id;=carst004&op;=modload&name;=gallery&file;=index&include;=view_photo.php

In response to my request for confirmation, Gavin Bate wrote:

Hello Carl,

Thanks for your email. I was climbing Puncak Jaya as part of my Seven Summits Millennium Expedition and yes, the base camp we used was on the south side. It was quite difficult to get to. The lakes are at about 4200m and I have no idea how deep they are! In size no more than a quarter mile long by a few hundreds wide. And they are beautiful and emerald in colour. I think I have a slide or two of them taken from high up on the mountain looking down but they are not particularly good, we had quite poor visibility and there was a lot of low cloud and rain. Typical for that region.

All the best in your research,

Gavin Bate

Bjorn Grotting at indonesiaphoto.com sent me the following link to reports of scientific expeditions to the Puncak Jaya area in the early 1970s, including a section on the high lakes:
http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk/hope1976/_toc.html
Clicking there leads to an on-line version of the following publication:
Hope, Geoff S, et al (Editors) 1976 The Equatorial Glaciers of New Guinea (Results of the 1971-1973 Australian Universities' Expeditions to Irian Jaya: survey, glaciology, meteorology, biology and palaeoenvironments), Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
Go to Section 7 "The Lakes", by James A. Peterson.

Tahir Kayani alerted me to this high lake. It's one of Pakistan's collection of stunning Alpine lakes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheosar_Lake

Here is a nice informative web site about Lake Titicaca at Crystalinks, Copyright 1995-2002 by Ellie Crystal.
http://www.crystalinks.com/laketiticaca.html

Lake of Lovers is a high alpine lake on the southern slope of Mt. Elbrus, in the Caucasus mountains of southern Russia. Lake of Lovers is the highest lake in Europe, using the crest of the Caucasus mountains as the watershed divide between Eastern Europe on the north and Asia on the south. Nonie Hodgson of Australia discovered this lake and told me about it. Nonie supplied the elevation and the exact location (43.27932 degrees North, 42.442932 East). Marina, her travel guide from Pyatigorsk, told her the local name of the lake. Nonie plans to swim in the highest lake on every continent! We will follow her adventures with great interest.

(Right-click for higher resolution.)

On this map from elbrus.org, Lake of Lovers is northwest of Azau, in the left-center of the image.

Matscherjochsee is a small lake on the mountain pass named Matscherjoch in the Austrian-Italian Alps. Special thanks to Professor Roland Psenner at the University of Innsbruck in Austria for telling me about this lake, and for supplying the map below. The location is 46°47' North and 10°40' East. The lake is about 0.8 hectares in area, which is smaller than my definition of a lake on the main page. However, Matscherjochsee is named on the map and historically significant, so I'm not going to disqualify it even if it isn't quite big enough! "Matscherjochsee" is pronounced just like it's spelled.

http://www.alpmedia.net/d/index3.asp?publikationsdetail.asp?PublikationID=172&Sprache;=2|2|navi.asp?4|1

Analyses of six different organic pollutants highly resistant to breakdown, (known as POPs - Persistent Organic Pollutants), were undertaken for Greenpeace on fish out of lake Schwarzsee ob Soelden which is located 9183 feet [2800 meters] high up in the Oeztal Alps in Austria. This lake is the highest mountain lake in Europe in which fish are found. It is far away from local sources of pollutant and draws its water solely from the neighbouring mountain tops. The pollutants found in the water enter almost entirely from the atmosphere.

The Greenpeace report has some beautiful photos of high lakes:
http://www.greenpeace.at/umweltwissen/chemie/pdf_files/neue_dauergifte_alpen_2002.pdf (German language)

"Schwarzsee ob Soelden" means "Black Lake above Soelden", the main village in Oetztal. Roland Psenner told me that this lake is the classical "highest lake in Europe", and they've been studying it for 20 years. Schwarzsee ob Soelden and Matscherjochsee are close to the site where Oetzi, the 5300 year old ice man, was found in the Tyrolean Alps in 1991.

Claude Hansen at the University of Innsbruck in Austria sent me a picture of Lake Schwarzsee ob Sölden:

"Ruapehu Crater Lake" is the highest lake in New Zealand, unless there is something higher lurking in the Southern Alps. The lake is in the summit crater of Mt. Ruapehu volcano on the North Island. There are excellent pictures at Volcano World:
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/australia/new_zealand/ruapehu_crater_lake.html

High Adventure Around the World, by Alan Ingram:
http://www.caingram.com/NewZealand/Ruapehu.htm

"Ruapehu Crater Lake" is about 400m wide and 600m deep. It changes all the time. The water temperature has been measured at 60 degrees Celsius! Mt. Ruapehu itself is 2,797m high, and has a ski resort on it.

The crater lake poses a threat to downstream populations:
http://www.doc.govt.nz/Whats-New/Issues/Mt-Ruapehu-Crater-Lake/index.asp
http://www.doc.govt.nz/Whats-New/Issues/Mt-Ruapehu-Crater-Lake/008~Situation-at-the-Crater-Lake.asp
The lake level is at 2,505 meters high as of April 2001. It's filling up again.

Special thanks to Dr. Andrew Sturman and Janet Bray of the Geography Department at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch for assisting me with this information.

The Wikipedia article has a nice picture of the lake:

Blue Lake is in the same region as Lake Cootapatamba, near Mt. Kosciusko.
http://www.crazy4travel.net/html/en/aus/kosc.htm

Tim Gorlay of the AUSA Club simply could not resist going windsurfing on Blue Lake:
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/clubs/sport/links_wi.html

Here is a technical report about the lake:
http://www.wetlands.org/RDB/Ramsar_Dir/Australia/au049D02.pdf

This is kind of bogus, but here we go. The USGS database of Antarctica at http://geonames.usgs.gov/antform.html lists a number of frozen lakes in Antarctica. Most of them do not have elevations listed. But a few of them do, and the highest one listed is Lake Péwé. So that one is the winner for the highest lake in Antarctica. Here is what the USGS says about Lake Pewe:

A small lake at 550 m elevation on the uppermost Koettlitz bench, 0.5 mi E of Blackwelder Glacier in Victoria Land. Named in recognition of the glacial geomorphological work done in the Koettlitz Glacier area by Troy L. Péwé (Péwé Peak, q.v.) of the University of Alaska. It was near this lake that members of the VUWAE, 1960-61, found a note left by Péwé, reporting observations on glacial erratics. Named by the VUWAE party.

Since I can't find any other information about this lake on the web, here is a biography of Dr. Troy L. Péwé:
http://www.cgc.uaf.edu/aaas/bios/pewe_bio.html
Péwé passed away on October 21, 1999. He was a world expert on permafrost.

Here is some information on the Koettlitz Glacier, by Stephen Read at the University of Otago in New Zealand:
http://www.otago.ac.nz/geology/features/kgap/kgap.htm

More pictures of the Koettlitz Glacier from LABB, the Laboratory for Applied Biotelemetry & Biotechnology at the Department of Marine Biology at Texas A&M; University, Galveston.
http://www.tamug.edu/labb/Projects/Weddell/McM2001/Sound/Antarctic_Continent.htm

How ironic that the highest continent has the lowest highest lake!

Go to Highest Lake in the USA.

Return to main Highest Lake page.