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By: Prof. Dipak Basu
December 12, 2005
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British linguist Max-Muller has invented the Aryan invasion theory that
ancient Aryans invade India at about 1500BC, driven out the Dravidians
from their land, have imported the Hindu civilization along with Sanskrit
language from the steppes of central Asia. The theory was the
justification for the British occupation of India, as Winston Churchill
remarked. Although there was no archeological evidence to support this
theory, it has become the most important doctrine on the ancient Indian
history. Although it was opposed by prominent historians like Ramesh
Chandra Mazumdar and archeologists like Rakhaldas Banerjee and S.P.Gupta,
the pro-British historians of India so far have disregarded all arguments
against this theory.
However, some recent archeological discoveries in India, Russia and Japan
have pushed back the antiquity of the Aryans to at least 6000BC and proved
beyond doubt that the ancient Aryans were not nomadic tribes from central
Asia but had very advanced urban civilizations. Russian archeologists and
linguists also proved that the Aryans have migrated not from the Russian
steppes but came to Russia via Armenia and Georgia. There are increasing
evidence that India was the original home of the Aryans.
Aryan Invasion: Advanced civilization of the Aryans in Chelyabinsk, Russia
President Putin has recently visited one of the most mysterious places on
planet Earth - the ruins of the ancient town of Arkaim, which is situated
on the outskirts of the city of Chelyabinsk. Pravda reported (on 16 July
2005) about the starling discovery of ruins of a very advanced
civilization of Indo-Aryan origin, which was at least 4000 years old in
Arkaim.
The Arkaim valley in the south of Ural was supposed to be flooded in 1987;
local authorities were going to create a water reservoir there to irrigate
droughty fields. However, scientists found strange circles in the center
of the valley: the authorities gave archaeologists time to explore the
area. Scientists were shocked to find out that Arkaim was the same age as
Egypt and Babylon. Archaeological excavations showed that the people, who
inhabited Arkaim, represented the ancient Indo-Aryan civilizations. Arkaim
had not only a city, but also a temple and an astronomic observatory.
Prof. Gennady Zdanovich, the chairman of the archaeological expedition
said, "We achieved what seemed to be absolutely unreal. How did people of
such ancient civilization manage to accomplish incredible technological
progress, which still seems to be unachievable nowadays?”
A group of Russian researchers, headed by Prof. Vadim Chernobrovy, has
recently returned from the mysterious region. He said, “A flight above
Arkaim on board a helicopter gives you an incredible impression. The huge
concentric circles on the valley are clearly visible. The town and its
outskirts are all enclosed in the circles. We still do not know what point
the gigantic circles have, whether they were made for defensive,
scientific, educational, or ritual purposes. Some researchers say that the
circles were actually used as the runway for an ancient spaceport."
Researchers discovered that the ancient town was equipped with the storm
sewage system, which helped Arkaim`s residents avoid floods. The people
were protected against fires as well: timbered floorings and houses
themselves were imbued with fireproof substance. It was a rather strong
compound, the remnants of which can still be found in the ruins of the
town.
Each house was outfitted with "all modern conveniences”, as they would say
nowadays. There was a well, an oven, and dome-like food storage in every
house. The well was branching out into two underground trenches: one of
them was directed to the oven and the other one ended in the food storage.
The trenches were used to supply chilly air to the oven and to the food
storage. The cool air from the trenches was also creating a very powerful
traction force in the Aryan oven, which made it possible to smelt bronze
there.
The central square in Arkaim was the only object of square shape in the
town. Judging upon traces of bonfires that were placed in a specific order
on the square, the place was used as a site for certain rituals. Arkaim
was built according to a previously projected plan as a single complicated
complex, which also had an acute orientation on astronomic objects.
Prof.Grigoryev of the Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural branch of
Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk, Russia, said recently, “ There
are no features of “Steppe cultures” in cultures of India and Iran. There
are no Finno-Ugric borrowings in languages of Avesta and Rig Veda."
According to him (1996, 1998), Ancient Aryans came originally from Iran to
Russia via Syria, Anatolia, Armenia and formed the vast cities in
Sintashta-Petrovka area near Chelyabinsk. Earlier linguistic experts
Prof.Gamkrelidze and Prof.Ivanov (1984) confirmed that explanation.
How far is Iran from Sindh-Saraswati valley? We also know from the Purana,
that Aryans were divided into two groups, Sur of India and Asura of Iran.
Russian archeologists are not aware of the submarine ruins of Dwarka and
Cambay yet. If they would know, it would be possible to prove what
Rakhaldas Banerjee; Ramesh Chadra Mazumdar said all along that India was
the origin of the ancient Aryans, who had migrated to Russia via Armenia.
The discovery made by the Russian archeologists of the temple of Mithra
under the basement of the world’s oldest official Christian church in
Yerevan, Armenia shows that link.
Aryan Invasion:
Archeological Details of Arkaim in Chelyabinsk:
The site is known by the Russian archeologists for at least 70 years as
Sintasha-Petrovka cultural area of ancient Aryans, but it was ignored by
the Anglo-American historians. Sintashta-Petrovka cultural area runs along
the eastern Urals of the Eurasian steppe for about 400 km south of
Chelabyansk and to the east for about 200 km. There are 23sites recognized
as belonging to this group.
The Sintashta burials, and those found at other Arkiam sites, vary greatly
in detail. These burials provide archaeological evidence of the burial
rituals set down in the Rig Veda and Avesta and, thus, these are called
Indo-Iranian.
The sites have been called “towns” and, most of them have been discovered
through aerial photography; they are laid out in round, square, or oval
shapes. While only two of these “towns”, Arkaim and Sintashta, have been
excavated largely, they are characterized as being fortified, having
connecting houses, and having extensive evidence for metallurgy.
The excavator of Sintashta, Gening (1979), has shown that the burials from
Sintashta do, how-ever, provide archaeological evidence for numerous
aspects of the burial rituals set down in texts of Rig Veda and Avesta.
The Avesta, was composed by Zorathustra, who attempted to erase the
earlier practice of worship of God Mithra.
The dating of the Avesta is problematic, since there are disputes about
the time of Zorathustra. According to Xanthus of Lydia, it was 6480BC;
according to Aristotle it was 6350BC ( in Heredotus). According to
Ferdowsi’s Shahnamah, it was 6600BC; according to the Roman historian
Plutarch it was 6000BC.
Suppose we accept it was 6000BC, and given the fact the Rig Veda was older
than Avesta, as Zorathustra has tried to erase out worships of Vedic gods
in favour of only one God Asura Mazda, Aryans were in India before 6000BC.
Sintashta Culture, in which Arkaim is a part, was formed in Chelyabinsk in
about 2000BC, according to the radiocarbon tests (Trifonov 1997). This
culture was spread over a vast geo-graphic region from the Dnieper River
in Ukraine to eastern Kazakhstan. The investigation of the metal ores was
undertaken using spectral analysis. The results indicated that the ores
recovered from Sintashta settlements did not contain arsenic while in
contrast, slag retrieved from the same sites contained high levels of the
element. However, metal structures of the Caucasus and Anatolia are
similar to the metal structure of the Sintashta Culture, and the tradition
of alloying during the ore smelting stage was well established in the
Caucasus region.
All the features of the Syro-Anatolian cultures have parallels with the
archaeological cultures of this region, the most remarkable of which are
the Sintashta fortified settlements that are identical to Anatolian
settlements. In addition, there are many analogies with the Sintashta
Culture in the ceramics, and stone and metal artifacts of the Syro-Anatolian
cultures.
This is the basis of the conclusion suggested by the Russian archeologists
and linguistics (Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, 1984; Grigoryev, 1996, 1998) that
the Aryans migrated from Iran to Armenia and then to Russia; Aryans never
came down from Russia to India. According to them, Aryans most possibly
had started migrating from Iran in 8000BC. They had reached Balkan
Peninsula and Anatolia in about 6000BC and had reached Russian steppes in
Chelyabinsk in about 4000BC. By that time, they had very advanced urban
civilization, not at all nomadic in any way. The Indo-Europeanization of
the Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine lasted for a long time, from the Neolithic
to the beginning of the Iron Age. In the Middle Bronze Age Indo-Aryans
came to Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, and Greece. Russian archeologists
were not aware of the Sindhu-Saraswati civilization or Dwarka. I have
drawn the attention of Prof.Grigoryev to these ruins, perhaps in future he
and his team will prove the migration of the Aryans had started from
India, not from Iran.
Aryan Invasion:
Relationship with Krishna’s Dwarka:
The discoveries at Gulf of Cambay by the National Institute of Ocean
Technology established, using carbon-14 date of 7,500 years for the wood
samples excavated from under the sea, the existence of a civilization
dating to that period.
Krishna’s Dwarka existed some 4,000 years ago. There was a rise in the sea
level about 30 metres in 7,500 years, approximately at the rate of 10
metres in 3,500-3,800 years. Eroded debris and pottery provided evidence
of a port town destroyed by sea about 3,500 years ago.
The marine archaeologists in India have found enough proof to assert that
Mahabharata is not a myth, but history. The discovery of submerged
buildings of the legendary city of Dwarka indicates that Indians were
masters in town planning and maritime activity, 4,000 years ago. The rise
in the sea level in Dwarka is a scientific truth. Studies have proved that
the sea considerably and suddenly rose to submerge the city.
Harivamsha describes the submerging of Dwarka saying Krishna instructed
Arjuna, who was then visiting Dwarka; to evacuate the residents of the
city as the sea was going to engulf the city. “On the seventh day (of
Krishna saying this), as the last of the citizens were leaving the city,
the sea entered the streets of Dwarka.” [in ‘Search on Krishna´s Dwarka
comes to a standstill’, By Vaidehi Nathan; Organiser, 2004, June20]
Ruins of Dwarka also show a very advanced civilization of at least 4000
years old, which could not be formed by semi-nomadic Aryans coming down
from central Asia in 1500BC. The city originally itself could be about
6000 years old. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his essay ‘Is Krisna a
historical figure’ (in ‘Krisna Charita’) has calculated the time of the
war described in Mahavarat. According to him, the war took place in about
3700BC.
Aryan Invasion:
Aryan city under the sea near Japan:
Another nail was struck on the British theory of Aryan invasion in 1500BC
by the discovery of ruins of a city, at least 6000 years old, under the
sea near Okinawa, Japan. The original people of Japan were Indo-Aryans and
the structure of the ruins has close similarities to the ancient
architecture of India, Iran, and Egypt.
A unique structure was once found beneath the sea where Japan`s western
most Yonaguni Island lies. In 1997, an investigation team from the
University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa discovered the site. Prof. Masaaki
Kimura, professor at the University of the Ryukyus, a marine geologist,
said that, "We found that the ruins are at least 6000 years old. It could
go back another 4000 years when we consider the length of time before they
sank into the water. "
Okinawa was once connected to the Asian continent. Geologic chronology
shows that the area in Yonaguni was already underwater 6000 years ago.
Prof. Kimura says "During the past 10,000 years, the ocean water level
rose about 40 meters. From this fact, it is only natural to think that the
ancient civilization is now deep in water. All of a sudden, such an
advanced civilization was discovered, so we believe there must be a lost
culture before that.” (in his book "Mu Tairiku Wa Ryukyu ni Atta" or The
legendary sunken continent was in the Ryukyus" published in 1997)
Marine geologists think that the lost civilization was once on ground
level, but now it has sunk into the ocean. The ocean surface has risen
land100 meters in the past 20,000 years.
Undersea ruins near Yonaguni Island stand 25 meters tall and 100 meters
long. This megalithic structure was artificially formed. There are a
number of these types of ruins off the coast of Okinawa. However, this one
in Yonaguni is the largest, and the only authenticated one. The structure
of the buildings are not Mongolian in character but related to the ruins
of India, Middle East and Egypt.
The ancient people of Japan were not Mongolian, but Indo-Aryans;
Mongolians began to migrate to Japan about 2000 years ago. The decendants
of the ancient Indo-Aryans of Japan, Aino people, are still there in the
northern island of Hokkaido; they have distinct Indo-Aryan physical
features. Details of this lost civilizations and photos of the undersea
buildings are in the website [http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/tokusyu/ruins1.htm]
I have mentioned this discovery to Dr. Shila Tripati of the Marine
Archaeology Centre, National Institute of Oceanography in Goa. Dr.Tripati
has contacted Prof.Kimura already and we hope in future their joint
efforts will show the link between Cambay, Dwarka and Okinawa’s undersea
ruins of very advanced civilizations of the Indo-Aryans.
Aryan Invasion:
Joker in the pack: Prof.D.N.Jha of Delhi University
Given these overwhelming evidences of archeological findings in India,
Russia, Japan it is surprising still the Anglo-American historians and
their Indian agents are insisting that Aryans came from the central Asia
in only 1500BC to India.
Prof. D.N. Jha recently wrote a book and several articles to prove that
ancient semi-Nomadic Aryans, who according to him invaded India about
1500BC, used to eat beef. (in his book, The Myth of the Holy Cow, Verso,
2002). To prove his points he has committed fraud and misinterpretations.
He has quoted from Rig Veda, (VIII.43.11) as " Agni ...is one whose food
is the ox and the barren cow".
This is a wrong quotation. The exact quotation should be " Let us serve
Agni with our hymns, disposer, fed on ox and cow, who bears the soma on
his back" (in Griffith’s translation of Rig Veda).
It does not mean ancient Aryans used to eat ox and cow, but Agni can
dispose of any wealth, ox and cow used to be the symbol of wealth.
He also has quoted from Rig Veda( X.79.6) as " Cow was cut up with a sword
or an axe".
This quotation is totally wrong. The exact quotation should be, " Agni,
hast thou committed sin or treason among the Gods? In ignorance I ask
thee, playing, not playing, he gold-hued and toothless hath cut his food
up as the knife a victim"(in Griffith’s translation of Rig Veda).
It does not say anything about cutting cows or ox. Using these false
quotations he has tried to prove Aryans used to eat beef. How can he
reconcile to all these evidences from Chelyabinsk, Okinawa, Dwarka, and
Cambay that Indo-Aryans have developed very advanced civilizations at
least 7000 years ago and according to the Russian archeologists, they have
migrated not from Russian steppes to India but from India to Russia via
Syria, Anatolia, Armenia?
Given the very advanced technology the ancient Aryans have used in
Chelyabinsk, it cannot be said that this civilization was born only 4000
years ago, but only the ruins are 4000 years old. It is probable the
ancient Aryans have migrated eastwards to Japan, as there are every
evidences that the Aino people, descendants of the ancient Indo-Aryans in
Japan, came originally from eastern Siberia. The ruins of submarine city
near Okinawa were probably developed by the same Indo-Aryans nearly 10,000
years ago.
Where does that leave the theory propagated by Max-Muller, and assorted
British historians and their Indian agents like Romila Thaper, D.N.Jha,
and Irfan Habib? Recently the Indian History Congress, dominated by the
historians of India with slave mentality, has proposed that there should
not be any archeological excavations in any of the ancient religious sites
in India. Slaves are afraid of the truth.
Prof. Dipak Basu
Send your views to author
References:
Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra, Krisna Charita,
first published 1886
Gamkrelidze T.V and Ivanov, V.V, Indoevropejskil Yazak I Indo-evropejci,
Tbilisi & Mouton de Gruyter-Berlin, 1984 (in Russian)
Gening, V. F, The Cemetery at Sintashta and the EarlyIndo-Iranian Peoples.
Journal of Indo-European Studies 7, 1-30, 1979.
Griffith,Raplh, The Rig Veda ( translation from Sanskrit), Motilal
Banarsidass, 1992
Grigoryev, S.A., The Sintashta Culture and Some Questions of Indo-European
Origins, Proceedings of the Chelyabinsk Scientific Center, Vol 2, pp
82-85, 1998
Grigoryev, S.A, ‘Sintashta I Ariyaskiye Migracii’ in Novoye v Arkkheologii
Yuzhnogo Urala, Chelyabinsk State University, 1996 (in Russian)
Herodotus, Books I and II. Harvard University Press (1990 reprint).
Jha, D.N, The Myth of the Holy Cow, Verso, 2002
Kimura, M, "Mu Tairiku wa Ryukyu ni Atta"( The legendary sunken continent
was in the Ryukyus), Ryukyus University Press, 1997 ( in Japanese)
Nathan Vaidehi, ‘Search on Krishna´s Dwarka comes to a standstill’, 20
June, Organiser, 2004
Pravda, ‘Ancient Aryan civilization achieved incredible technological
progress 40 centuries ago’, 16 July 2005
Trifonov, V. A. 1997. K absolyutnoy khronologii evro-aziatskikhkulturnykh
kontaktov v epokhu bronzy. Radiouglerod I Arkheologiya 2, 94–7 (in
Russian)
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