This document discusses research on financial resilience practices among Somali migrants in East London. It finds that 100% of survey participants supported charitable causes in the previous year, with motivations strongly linked to Islamic faith. Common practices included zakat (obligatory alms-giving), sadaqa (voluntary charity), and community fundraising. Donations were made despite high levels of poverty and unemployment. The research challenges views of this community as lacking resilience, instead finding resourcefulness and mutual aid. It calls for new conversations with literatures on responses to hardship in the global South.
This document summarizes a journal article about homelessness in Australian mining communities. It discusses how existing theories of homelessness have primarily focused on urban areas and do not fully capture the dynamics of homelessness in mining towns. Mining booms can lead to economic prosperity for some but also increase housing costs and disadvantage vulnerable groups. The mining boom from 2003-2012 increased populations and housing prices in mining towns, likely exacerbating homelessness. However, little research has examined homelessness in these communities or how it may be impacted by the boom-and-bust cycle of the mining industry. The article argues more evidence is needed to understand the causes of homelessness in mining towns and guide policy responses.
Redlining was coined in 1960 by a sociologist James McKnight.
The term basically refers to financial lenders drawing a redline around communities that they would invest in due to poor financial capabilities.
These areas were often occupied by people of color.
This practice encouraged institutionalized racism to run through the streets of these communities.
Poorly funded schooling
Major health impacts
Larger environmental issues
Less opportunity for community growth and well-being
The Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative (NRI) is a place-based federal approach launched in 2010 to address concentrated poverty through coordinated efforts across five federal agencies: Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Justice, and Treasury. The initiative takes a holistic approach to reducing poverty through initiatives focused on education, housing, public safety, health, and economic development. Key programs under NRI include Choice Neighborhoods, Promise Neighborhoods, and Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation grants.
Poverty is a lack of material possessions or money needed to afford basic necessities like healthcare, nutrition, and education. Over 900 million people are malnourished according to UN statistics, with the majority living in Asia and Africa. The causes of poverty include poor governance, effects of colonialism, and corruption, which prevent money from being used for social services. The consequences are low standards of living, high mortality rates, unemployment, and malnutrition. Measures to alleviate poverty include aid from wealthier countries, debt relief, and microfinance programs that provide financial services to low-income groups.
Nikolas byous universal basic income midterm project unm crp 275 community ch...Dr. J
Can you imagine what your community would accomplish if everyone who lived there had financial security? Would the citizens of that community have the time as well as the mental and emotional space to be more engaged in their community? An engaged community is a community which solves local issues that adversely affect the citizens of that locality. If all communities had this same level of engagement, could we overcome global issues? Finding a solution to poverty and financial insecurity is key to attaining greater community engagement. Universal Basic Income is a solution to poverty and financial insecurity, and ultimately, greater community engagement.
This document discusses sustainable livelihoods, food resources, and community food security. It defines key terms like sustainable livelihoods and food insecurity. It presents the sustainable livelihoods framework, which looks at the assets (human, social, natural, physical, financial) that determine a household's livelihood outcomes. Vulnerability is influenced by shocks, seasonality, trends and the policies, institutions and processes that shape access to assets and strategies. Community food security aims for all residents to access nutritious food through a sustainable local food system. The relationship between these concepts and issues like food prices, hunger, sovereignty, and local food systems are overviewed.
This document summarizes a study comparing the charitable landscapes of two contrasting neighborhoods in southeast England - an affluent village and a deprived housing estate. The village had many more registered charities per person that were more sustainable over time. Most charities in the estate were larger organizations funded by government to meet basic needs. Residents of the village had more skills and engagement in informal charitable activities. The study found differences rather than inequalities between the areas and questions their capacity to participate equally in reducing public services.
This document summarizes the 25th anniversary of the Tocqueville Society of the United Way of the Greater Lehigh Valley. The Tocqueville Society recognizes philanthropic leaders who donate $10,000 or more annually. Members work to improve lives in the community through focus areas like education, food access, healthy aging, and emergency services. The document outlines the impact of donations and benefits of membership in the Tocqueville Society.
This document summarizes a journal article about homelessness in Australian mining communities. It discusses how existing theories of homelessness have primarily focused on urban areas and do not fully capture the dynamics of homelessness in mining towns. Mining booms can lead to economic prosperity for some but also increase housing costs and disadvantage vulnerable groups. The mining boom from 2003-2012 increased populations and housing prices in mining towns, likely exacerbating homelessness. However, little research has examined homelessness in these communities or how it may be impacted by the boom-and-bust cycle of the mining industry. The article argues more evidence is needed to understand the causes of homelessness in mining towns and guide policy responses.
Redlining was coined in 1960 by a sociologist James McKnight.
The term basically refers to financial lenders drawing a redline around communities that they would invest in due to poor financial capabilities.
These areas were often occupied by people of color.
This practice encouraged institutionalized racism to run through the streets of these communities.
Poorly funded schooling
Major health impacts
Larger environmental issues
Less opportunity for community growth and well-being
The Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative (NRI) is a place-based federal approach launched in 2010 to address concentrated poverty through coordinated efforts across five federal agencies: Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Justice, and Treasury. The initiative takes a holistic approach to reducing poverty through initiatives focused on education, housing, public safety, health, and economic development. Key programs under NRI include Choice Neighborhoods, Promise Neighborhoods, and Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation grants.
Poverty is a lack of material possessions or money needed to afford basic necessities like healthcare, nutrition, and education. Over 900 million people are malnourished according to UN statistics, with the majority living in Asia and Africa. The causes of poverty include poor governance, effects of colonialism, and corruption, which prevent money from being used for social services. The consequences are low standards of living, high mortality rates, unemployment, and malnutrition. Measures to alleviate poverty include aid from wealthier countries, debt relief, and microfinance programs that provide financial services to low-income groups.
Nikolas byous universal basic income midterm project unm crp 275 community ch...Dr. J
Can you imagine what your community would accomplish if everyone who lived there had financial security? Would the citizens of that community have the time as well as the mental and emotional space to be more engaged in their community? An engaged community is a community which solves local issues that adversely affect the citizens of that locality. If all communities had this same level of engagement, could we overcome global issues? Finding a solution to poverty and financial insecurity is key to attaining greater community engagement. Universal Basic Income is a solution to poverty and financial insecurity, and ultimately, greater community engagement.
This document discusses sustainable livelihoods, food resources, and community food security. It defines key terms like sustainable livelihoods and food insecurity. It presents the sustainable livelihoods framework, which looks at the assets (human, social, natural, physical, financial) that determine a household's livelihood outcomes. Vulnerability is influenced by shocks, seasonality, trends and the policies, institutions and processes that shape access to assets and strategies. Community food security aims for all residents to access nutritious food through a sustainable local food system. The relationship between these concepts and issues like food prices, hunger, sovereignty, and local food systems are overviewed.
This document summarizes a study comparing the charitable landscapes of two contrasting neighborhoods in southeast England - an affluent village and a deprived housing estate. The village had many more registered charities per person that were more sustainable over time. Most charities in the estate were larger organizations funded by government to meet basic needs. Residents of the village had more skills and engagement in informal charitable activities. The study found differences rather than inequalities between the areas and questions their capacity to participate equally in reducing public services.
This document summarizes the 25th anniversary of the Tocqueville Society of the United Way of the Greater Lehigh Valley. The Tocqueville Society recognizes philanthropic leaders who donate $10,000 or more annually. Members work to improve lives in the community through focus areas like education, food access, healthy aging, and emergency services. The document outlines the impact of donations and benefits of membership in the Tocqueville Society.
Founded in 1880, named after a railroad conductor
Pop.: 1,338
Average income: $42,695
Poverty Rate: 23.1%
48.5% White, 37.1% Hispanic
Industries: Manufacturing (39.1%), Retail (18.2%), Education (12.7%)
5 churches (1 bilingual)
1 Dollar General
1 Farm Center
USDA Definition: “access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.”
Four types:
High food security: no reported indications of food access problems or limitations
Marginal food security: one or two reported indications
Low food security: reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.
Very low food security: Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake
This document summarizes President Obama's support for providing living wages and discusses the Community Service Society's (CSS) advocacy efforts to help low-income New Yorkers. CSS believes all who work hard should have opportunities to get ahead. CSS fights for economic mobility through research, programs, and advocacy to bring help and hope to the two in five New Yorkers living in poverty. The document requests donations to support CSS's ongoing work.
Multiple deprivation refers to when different types of deprivation, such as lack of education, poor health, high crime levels, and high unemployment, occur together to measure an overall level of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measures quality of life in England and Wales by scoring areas on 7 types of deprivation, with higher scores indicating more deprivation and lower quality of life. Income deprivation and employment deprivation make up nearly half the overall multiple deprivation score, suggesting they are the main causes of deprivation.
The document provides an overview of the Sikh religion based on a visit to a gurudwara (Sikh place of worship). Some key points:
- Gurdwaras have a simple structure with no idol worship or money-making. Anyone can enter as long as their head is covered.
- Sikhs believe in equality and share a free community meal (langar) where all sit together regardless of status.
- The religion was founded by Guru Nanak Dev to have no caste hierarchy and treat all equally. Worship involves studying texts together.
- Sikhs are to renounce materialism and dress simply with men wearing kurtas and women in salwar kame
Future of high impact philanthropy - Initial perspectiveFuture Agenda
We are very pleased to announce a new topic focus for some events and wider discussions during the first half of 2017. Building on to some of the insights gained from previous events, including on the future of wealth and the future of doing good, This new initial perspective explores potential future shifts in the field of High Impact Philanthropy. It is authored by Prof. Cathy Pharoah of Cass Business School London. It highlights some of the issues being raised as the worlds of impact investing and philanthropy increasingly overlap as more organisations and investors seek to help create lasting change. Many are now asking about how donor expectations will evolve, how giving will scale, how best to create and measure impact and where new models within philanthropy will emerge.
To address these and other questions, we are running a series of events over the next few months in London, Mumbai, Singapore, New York and Dubai that will explore the emerging shifts, understand new global and regional priorities and highlight what leaders in the fields of philanthropy and impact investing feel will define success. As with all Future Agenda projects, we will build on THIS initial perspective by bringing together a rich mix of expertise to challenge assumptions, share insights and co-create an enriched, informed future view for all.
If you would like to get involved as participants or hosts, do let us know and we can share more details. Equally if you have any feedback on the initial perspective or other comments do let us know by email, twitter or linked-in and we will make sure these are shared and included in to the mix.
At a time where much is being asked of philanthropy and its ability to successfully direct much-needed investment into key areas of challenge and opportunity, we very much look forward to hosting this important debate and sharing insights.
SAHARO works without regard to creed, race, gender, or ethnicity, and is one of the reputed humanitarian networks.
SAHARO provides a beacon of hope for thousands of women, men and children in times of hardship and contributes to the development of social justice in times of peace. Saharo’ mandate includes integral development, emergency relief, advocacy, peace building, respect for human rights and support for proper stewardship of the planet’s environment and resources.
The SAHARO approach is based on the social teaching, which focuses on the dignity of the human person. Saharo’ work on behalf of the poor manifests God’s love for all of creation.
SAHARO believes that the weak and oppressed are not objects of pity, but agents of change leading the struggle to eradicate dehumanizing poverty, unacceptable living and working conditions, and unjust social, political, economic and cultural structures.
What makes SAHARO unique is its ongoing presence in communities, before, during and after crisis situations. Important, too, is that being part of civil society and incorporating the perspective of the poor, Saharo can continuously adapt its strategies to an ever changing environment.
SAHARO fights poverty, exclusion, intolerance and discrimination. More importantly, it empowers people to participate fully in all matters affecting their lives, and it advocates on their behalf at national and international forums.
SAHARO promotes partnership: local autonomy is paramount in ensuring effective teamwork for the good of all. By pooling expertise and resources, SAHARO is able to identify issues at the grassroots, analyze them at national and international levels, and then take action locally, regionally and globally
Canada faces challenges in ending youth homelessness due to a lack of a long-term national housing strategy and persistent barriers that prevent homeless and at-risk youth from fully participating in society. While Canada's recession was not as severe as the US's, poverty and social exclusion still hamper efforts. There are approximately 65,000 homeless youth in Canada and many more who are at risk of homelessness, despite programs like the Homelessness Partnering Strategy which provides $135 million annually to address homelessness through 61 community plans. Moving forward, the author calls for framing a national policy to end youth homelessness, implementing it through collaboration, consolidating a national network of communities, and continuing to build international alliances.
Funders Together is a 501(c)(3) organization comprised of grantmakers who work collaboratively to end homelessness. It was founded in 2004 by several foundations and corporations. Funders Together promotes evidence-based practices to end homelessness through advocacy, research funding, and aligning philanthropic investments. Their goal is to end chronic homelessness within 5 years, veteran homelessness within 5 years, and homelessness among families, youth, and children within 10 years.
The document discusses strategies for building opportunity communities by connecting people to opportunities and remedying opportunity isolation. It argues that a crisis presents an opportunity for transformative change, including rethinking narratives around opportunity and redesigning institutions to ensure all people can participate. Specifically, it proposes adopting opportunity-based approaches to housing and development to connect marginalized groups with jobs, schools, services and civic life in high-opportunity areas through both in-place improvements and mobility programs.
The document summarizes a partnership between Hearth and the Corporation for Supportive Housing (CSH) to address the issue of elder homelessness through a national leadership initiative. The initiative aims to further national dialogue on elder homelessness, create an advisory committee to shape policy recommendations, develop a policy paper with goals and strategies, and convene officials and organizations. It outlines Hearth's supportive housing model and outcomes for residents, including improved health, life satisfaction, and lower costs compared to alternatives like shelters or institutions.
This document outlines plans to establish a tiny home village in Huntsville, Alabama to help address homelessness. The village will be run by the nonprofit Foundations for Tomorrow and will partner with other organizations to provide 30 tiny homes, community buildings, and access to services to help homeless individuals transition back into housing. Tiny homes cost significantly less than other housing options and can help reduce costs associated with homelessness. The village will be self-governed and provide residents a safe, legal place to live while they work to become self-sufficient.
Spaces of Age, Snowbirds and the GerontologyAdam Edwards
This document summarizes a study on "Snowbirds", or northern Americans and Canadians who spend their winters in warmer southern climates like Florida. It discusses how snowbirds create their own migratory and mobile retirement cultures. The study examined the community of Charlotte County, Florida, where many snowbirds reside part-time, through photos and diaries. It describes the socio-spatial aspects of snowbird culture and their communities, activities, and identity formation as seasonal migrants with attachments to both their northern and southern homes.
Economics of slums in developing countries pepo_pepo2000
description of the economics in the developing countries, either why it's exist and why it remains and why does it always contradict with the government strategies in the upgrading with the slums area and it economic in order to make it apart of the community's economic.
Poverty is defined as not having enough money for basic needs like food, water, shelter, and toilets. It is most prevalent in developing areas of Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, and can be caused by factors like illiteracy, changing economic trends, lack of education, overpopulation, and diseases. There are two main types of poverty: absolute poverty where basic survival needs are not met, and relative poverty where a family's standard of living is below that of the overall society. Proposed solutions to poverty include promoting peace, education, job opportunities, charitable donations, and greater government assistance programs.
The document discusses poverty globally and in specific regions and countries. It begins by defining poverty and providing statistics on its global prevalence. It then examines poverty levels and causes in developing countries, Haiti, Africa, and the United States. Several charitable organizations that provide aid to reduce poverty are also mentioned. Theories like conflict theory and structural functionalism are used to explain causes and functions of poverty in societies.
1) The document discusses community engagement of immigrants and refugees in Greater Victoria. It examines how their cultural identities contribute to engagement in the host society.
2) It finds that during cultural adaptation, reasons for participating in activities differ - volunteering is seen as a civic duty, while religious activities help make friends and learn culture.
3) There are active and passive approaches to cultural adaptation - some immigrants want to share their culture and diversity, while others feel community engagement is important to not live in isolation. Cultural activities allow retaining unique characteristics like in a "salad bowl" model of cultural adaptation.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 report on giving trends among the top 300 UK charitable foundations:
- Foundation giving grew by 9.8% in real terms between 2010/12 and 2011/13, double the growth rate of US foundations, despite a nearly 10% decline in new donations to foundations in the preceding 18 months.
- The top 300 foundations account for about 90% of total private foundation giving in the UK, with the Wellcome Trust alone providing over 20% of total giving. Most foundations give under £10 million annually.
Understanding giving. Sharing knowledge. CGAP Five-year review 2008-2013Giving Centre
Overview of research from CGAP consortium 2008-2013 covering individual and corporate giving, charity and social redistribution, foundations and institutions of giving.
This document summarizes a report by Poverty Action Waikato on affordable and social housing in the Waikato region of New Zealand. It outlines issues with housing affordability, quality of housing stock, state and community provision of social housing. It calls for greater collaboration between sectors to increase affordable housing. Key points are establishing a register of community housing providers, further research on affordable and quality housing strategies, and a regional community housing group.
Poverty social exclusion and welfare january 2013 september intake 1fatima d
Poverty can be defined in absolute or relative terms. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of subsistence resources, while relative poverty compares one's resources to what is typical in their society. There are debates around measuring poverty, including whether to use income thresholds or deprivation indices. Structural forces like economic changes that reduce good jobs and weaken families can increase poverty rates. Social exclusion involves being cut off from participation in one's community through factors beyond one's control. Welfare states aim to address poverty and promote social inclusion through state support and benefits.
The document summarizes a workshop given by Dr. Simon Duffy on lessons from self-directed support in the UK. Duffy has 25 years of experience developing self-directed support systems and founded In Control, which developed the self-directed support model adopted in England. In the workshop, Duffy discusses the history and development of self-directed support in the UK, issues with current implementation, strengths to build on, and the importance of citizenship, community, and moving beyond concepts of consumers and care markets.
The document summarizes the role of Zakat in alleviating poverty among Muslim communities in Western nations like the UK. It discusses how the National Zakat Foundation operates by distributing hardship grants and funding various projects to help those in need. The foundation aims to provide an end-to-end Zakat service for UK Muslims and help create a community where no individual is left in poverty. The model has potential to scale if more Muslims contribute their annual Zakat, which could amount to billions of pounds.
Founded in 1880, named after a railroad conductor
Pop.: 1,338
Average income: $42,695
Poverty Rate: 23.1%
48.5% White, 37.1% Hispanic
Industries: Manufacturing (39.1%), Retail (18.2%), Education (12.7%)
5 churches (1 bilingual)
1 Dollar General
1 Farm Center
USDA Definition: “access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.”
Four types:
High food security: no reported indications of food access problems or limitations
Marginal food security: one or two reported indications
Low food security: reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet.
Very low food security: Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake
This document summarizes President Obama's support for providing living wages and discusses the Community Service Society's (CSS) advocacy efforts to help low-income New Yorkers. CSS believes all who work hard should have opportunities to get ahead. CSS fights for economic mobility through research, programs, and advocacy to bring help and hope to the two in five New Yorkers living in poverty. The document requests donations to support CSS's ongoing work.
Multiple deprivation refers to when different types of deprivation, such as lack of education, poor health, high crime levels, and high unemployment, occur together to measure an overall level of deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 measures quality of life in England and Wales by scoring areas on 7 types of deprivation, with higher scores indicating more deprivation and lower quality of life. Income deprivation and employment deprivation make up nearly half the overall multiple deprivation score, suggesting they are the main causes of deprivation.
The document provides an overview of the Sikh religion based on a visit to a gurudwara (Sikh place of worship). Some key points:
- Gurdwaras have a simple structure with no idol worship or money-making. Anyone can enter as long as their head is covered.
- Sikhs believe in equality and share a free community meal (langar) where all sit together regardless of status.
- The religion was founded by Guru Nanak Dev to have no caste hierarchy and treat all equally. Worship involves studying texts together.
- Sikhs are to renounce materialism and dress simply with men wearing kurtas and women in salwar kame
Future of high impact philanthropy - Initial perspectiveFuture Agenda
We are very pleased to announce a new topic focus for some events and wider discussions during the first half of 2017. Building on to some of the insights gained from previous events, including on the future of wealth and the future of doing good, This new initial perspective explores potential future shifts in the field of High Impact Philanthropy. It is authored by Prof. Cathy Pharoah of Cass Business School London. It highlights some of the issues being raised as the worlds of impact investing and philanthropy increasingly overlap as more organisations and investors seek to help create lasting change. Many are now asking about how donor expectations will evolve, how giving will scale, how best to create and measure impact and where new models within philanthropy will emerge.
To address these and other questions, we are running a series of events over the next few months in London, Mumbai, Singapore, New York and Dubai that will explore the emerging shifts, understand new global and regional priorities and highlight what leaders in the fields of philanthropy and impact investing feel will define success. As with all Future Agenda projects, we will build on THIS initial perspective by bringing together a rich mix of expertise to challenge assumptions, share insights and co-create an enriched, informed future view for all.
If you would like to get involved as participants or hosts, do let us know and we can share more details. Equally if you have any feedback on the initial perspective or other comments do let us know by email, twitter or linked-in and we will make sure these are shared and included in to the mix.
At a time where much is being asked of philanthropy and its ability to successfully direct much-needed investment into key areas of challenge and opportunity, we very much look forward to hosting this important debate and sharing insights.
SAHARO works without regard to creed, race, gender, or ethnicity, and is one of the reputed humanitarian networks.
SAHARO provides a beacon of hope for thousands of women, men and children in times of hardship and contributes to the development of social justice in times of peace. Saharo’ mandate includes integral development, emergency relief, advocacy, peace building, respect for human rights and support for proper stewardship of the planet’s environment and resources.
The SAHARO approach is based on the social teaching, which focuses on the dignity of the human person. Saharo’ work on behalf of the poor manifests God’s love for all of creation.
SAHARO believes that the weak and oppressed are not objects of pity, but agents of change leading the struggle to eradicate dehumanizing poverty, unacceptable living and working conditions, and unjust social, political, economic and cultural structures.
What makes SAHARO unique is its ongoing presence in communities, before, during and after crisis situations. Important, too, is that being part of civil society and incorporating the perspective of the poor, Saharo can continuously adapt its strategies to an ever changing environment.
SAHARO fights poverty, exclusion, intolerance and discrimination. More importantly, it empowers people to participate fully in all matters affecting their lives, and it advocates on their behalf at national and international forums.
SAHARO promotes partnership: local autonomy is paramount in ensuring effective teamwork for the good of all. By pooling expertise and resources, SAHARO is able to identify issues at the grassroots, analyze them at national and international levels, and then take action locally, regionally and globally
Canada faces challenges in ending youth homelessness due to a lack of a long-term national housing strategy and persistent barriers that prevent homeless and at-risk youth from fully participating in society. While Canada's recession was not as severe as the US's, poverty and social exclusion still hamper efforts. There are approximately 65,000 homeless youth in Canada and many more who are at risk of homelessness, despite programs like the Homelessness Partnering Strategy which provides $135 million annually to address homelessness through 61 community plans. Moving forward, the author calls for framing a national policy to end youth homelessness, implementing it through collaboration, consolidating a national network of communities, and continuing to build international alliances.
Funders Together is a 501(c)(3) organization comprised of grantmakers who work collaboratively to end homelessness. It was founded in 2004 by several foundations and corporations. Funders Together promotes evidence-based practices to end homelessness through advocacy, research funding, and aligning philanthropic investments. Their goal is to end chronic homelessness within 5 years, veteran homelessness within 5 years, and homelessness among families, youth, and children within 10 years.
The document discusses strategies for building opportunity communities by connecting people to opportunities and remedying opportunity isolation. It argues that a crisis presents an opportunity for transformative change, including rethinking narratives around opportunity and redesigning institutions to ensure all people can participate. Specifically, it proposes adopting opportunity-based approaches to housing and development to connect marginalized groups with jobs, schools, services and civic life in high-opportunity areas through both in-place improvements and mobility programs.
The document summarizes a partnership between Hearth and the Corporation for Supportive Housing (CSH) to address the issue of elder homelessness through a national leadership initiative. The initiative aims to further national dialogue on elder homelessness, create an advisory committee to shape policy recommendations, develop a policy paper with goals and strategies, and convene officials and organizations. It outlines Hearth's supportive housing model and outcomes for residents, including improved health, life satisfaction, and lower costs compared to alternatives like shelters or institutions.
This document outlines plans to establish a tiny home village in Huntsville, Alabama to help address homelessness. The village will be run by the nonprofit Foundations for Tomorrow and will partner with other organizations to provide 30 tiny homes, community buildings, and access to services to help homeless individuals transition back into housing. Tiny homes cost significantly less than other housing options and can help reduce costs associated with homelessness. The village will be self-governed and provide residents a safe, legal place to live while they work to become self-sufficient.
Spaces of Age, Snowbirds and the GerontologyAdam Edwards
This document summarizes a study on "Snowbirds", or northern Americans and Canadians who spend their winters in warmer southern climates like Florida. It discusses how snowbirds create their own migratory and mobile retirement cultures. The study examined the community of Charlotte County, Florida, where many snowbirds reside part-time, through photos and diaries. It describes the socio-spatial aspects of snowbird culture and their communities, activities, and identity formation as seasonal migrants with attachments to both their northern and southern homes.
Economics of slums in developing countries pepo_pepo2000
description of the economics in the developing countries, either why it's exist and why it remains and why does it always contradict with the government strategies in the upgrading with the slums area and it economic in order to make it apart of the community's economic.
Poverty is defined as not having enough money for basic needs like food, water, shelter, and toilets. It is most prevalent in developing areas of Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, and can be caused by factors like illiteracy, changing economic trends, lack of education, overpopulation, and diseases. There are two main types of poverty: absolute poverty where basic survival needs are not met, and relative poverty where a family's standard of living is below that of the overall society. Proposed solutions to poverty include promoting peace, education, job opportunities, charitable donations, and greater government assistance programs.
The document discusses poverty globally and in specific regions and countries. It begins by defining poverty and providing statistics on its global prevalence. It then examines poverty levels and causes in developing countries, Haiti, Africa, and the United States. Several charitable organizations that provide aid to reduce poverty are also mentioned. Theories like conflict theory and structural functionalism are used to explain causes and functions of poverty in societies.
1) The document discusses community engagement of immigrants and refugees in Greater Victoria. It examines how their cultural identities contribute to engagement in the host society.
2) It finds that during cultural adaptation, reasons for participating in activities differ - volunteering is seen as a civic duty, while religious activities help make friends and learn culture.
3) There are active and passive approaches to cultural adaptation - some immigrants want to share their culture and diversity, while others feel community engagement is important to not live in isolation. Cultural activities allow retaining unique characteristics like in a "salad bowl" model of cultural adaptation.
The document summarizes key findings from a 2014 report on giving trends among the top 300 UK charitable foundations:
- Foundation giving grew by 9.8% in real terms between 2010/12 and 2011/13, double the growth rate of US foundations, despite a nearly 10% decline in new donations to foundations in the preceding 18 months.
- The top 300 foundations account for about 90% of total private foundation giving in the UK, with the Wellcome Trust alone providing over 20% of total giving. Most foundations give under £10 million annually.
Understanding giving. Sharing knowledge. CGAP Five-year review 2008-2013Giving Centre
Overview of research from CGAP consortium 2008-2013 covering individual and corporate giving, charity and social redistribution, foundations and institutions of giving.
This document summarizes a report by Poverty Action Waikato on affordable and social housing in the Waikato region of New Zealand. It outlines issues with housing affordability, quality of housing stock, state and community provision of social housing. It calls for greater collaboration between sectors to increase affordable housing. Key points are establishing a register of community housing providers, further research on affordable and quality housing strategies, and a regional community housing group.
Poverty social exclusion and welfare january 2013 september intake 1fatima d
Poverty can be defined in absolute or relative terms. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of subsistence resources, while relative poverty compares one's resources to what is typical in their society. There are debates around measuring poverty, including whether to use income thresholds or deprivation indices. Structural forces like economic changes that reduce good jobs and weaken families can increase poverty rates. Social exclusion involves being cut off from participation in one's community through factors beyond one's control. Welfare states aim to address poverty and promote social inclusion through state support and benefits.
The document summarizes a workshop given by Dr. Simon Duffy on lessons from self-directed support in the UK. Duffy has 25 years of experience developing self-directed support systems and founded In Control, which developed the self-directed support model adopted in England. In the workshop, Duffy discusses the history and development of self-directed support in the UK, issues with current implementation, strengths to build on, and the importance of citizenship, community, and moving beyond concepts of consumers and care markets.
The document summarizes the role of Zakat in alleviating poverty among Muslim communities in Western nations like the UK. It discusses how the National Zakat Foundation operates by distributing hardship grants and funding various projects to help those in need. The foundation aims to provide an end-to-end Zakat service for UK Muslims and help create a community where no individual is left in poverty. The model has potential to scale if more Muslims contribute their annual Zakat, which could amount to billions of pounds.
The document discusses homelessness in the United States. It defines homelessness as lacking a fixed, regular place to live. An estimated 2-3 million people experience homelessness annually in the US, including families, veterans, the mentally ill, and the working poor. Homelessness can negatively impact physical and mental health due to lack of shelter, hygiene resources, and social support networks. The document also outlines federal and local programs that aim to assist the homeless population.
Community Foundation Boulder County – Wildfire Fund Plan, March 28, 2022CommunityFoundationB
Up to $20 million to support rebuilding efforts
Up to $2.5 million to support Unmet Basic Needs
$1 million to support the establishment of recovery navigation
Up to $1 million to assist with smoke/ash remediation
Up to $500,000 for social infrastructure / community resiliency
Up to $750,000 to support nonprofit organizations assisting with disaster response
Up to an additional $750,000 for mental health supports
Up to $2 million for debris removal (to support those who are underinsured / uninsured)
This document discusses systemic change and provides examples of systemic change initiatives from various Vincentian organizations. It defines systemic change as aiming to transform the lives of those living in poverty by addressing root causes and enabling people to identify and change unjust structures that keep them in poverty. Examples discussed include advocacy groups, community development projects, and programs that move beyond direct service to empower those in poverty and create sustainable change.
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and its impacts. It first discusses how globalization has both positive and negative impacts on poverty, helping some individuals but increasing inequality and driving many into poverty. Second, it examines the government's poor response to Hurricane Katrina, which resulted in thousands of deaths due to lack of evacuation assistance, food/water, and medical care in its aftermath. Finally, it notes that Aboriginal people in Northern Territory, Australia have high rates of mental illness but little support, and many end up imprisoned instead of receiving proper care.
2014 銀浪新創力國際週國際論壇
「自助互助式會員網絡,在地安老沒煩惱」--創新服務模式開發:美國Beacon Hill Village執行董事Laura Connors
The keynote presentation delivered by Ms. Laura Connors, Executive Director of Beacon Hill Village at the International Forum, Aging Innovation Week on Nov. 17, 2014. Taipei, Taiwan
Invisible Homeless Families Of East Colfaxrrksmith3
This presentation is a collaborative of graduate social work students. All materials are copywritten. All rights reserved. Written permission must be obtained by authors for any use.
Invisible Homeless Families Of East Colfaxrrksmith3
This research project was a field study of cummunity social work. It started a research project, and became an inspiration for several students and launched their careers.
This sad but brutal truth of what families face living on East Colfax in Denver out of motels. Children and families feet away from drugs, gangs, prostitution adn violence. Desperate community efforts to help families get out of endendured slavery with the motels they live in due to slow agency pay.
This document discusses alternative development strategies for Ecuador using a four capital approach of natural, human, social, and political capital to increase well-being. It finds that traditional measures like GDP do not capture well-being. For natural capital, it recommends assessing Ecuador's ecosystem services. For human capital, it suggests investing in health and education equity. For social capital, it argues for initiatives to increase civic engagement and community relationships. For political capital, it identifies problems like weak institutions and lack of transparency, and offers policy options to address these issues and foster cooperation.
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.docxoreo10
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.
Poverty is a global issue affecting millions of people around the world. It has been the cause of
concern for many people because poverty leads to other dangerous issues that may affect
humanity, human lives and human values. Poverty is prevalent all over the world because of the
poor economic structure of countries, poor resources and also because of illiteracy. The other
reason for poverty is simple laziness of people because they do not want to work, or they may
not have skills to earn money to make a living for themselves. It is a potentially dangerous issue
and it need to be solved.
Poverty matters a lot in today’s world because poverty leads to other issues, such as increase of
crimes, malnourishment in children, early deaths of children, terrorism, social conflicts and
tensions among people. Poverty also can lead to another main issue of homelessness. It matters a
lot for everyone, people who are poor and people who are not so poor, and countries that are
poorly developed and countries that are well-developed because poverty may also lead to
increase in immigration and this immigration may become a world issue.
Poverty also creates a burden on the economy of the country. The healthcare field may be
affected because poor people may suffer from many diseases and they would need treatment.
They may not be able to pay for their treatment and the overall burden of healthcare would come
on the government healthcare institutions. Poverty is not a problem of a single individual, but it
is a problem of a community and a problem of the nation. People may think that poverty is a
chosen “problem,” but this is not the case. Sometimes the economic situations in a country and
the prevalent corruption and unemployment may become the cause of poverty.
The best solution to the problem would be globalization and global help. The poor countries have
to be helped by the richer countries. The solutions should not be like donating money and
feeding for a day, but the root causes have to be identified and they have to be dealt with to deal
with the issue of poverty right from its roots.
Poverty is a global issue and there are many causes behind poverty, and at the same time there
are serious consequences because of poverty so some solutions are essential and the help from
the richer and developed countries is a welcome thought and a necessary one. This essay argues
that poverty is the problem of countries and communities, and therefore the root causes of this
problem have to be identified to eradicate it completely.
Second Issue
The issue I would like to work on is the issue of homelessness.
The problem of homelessness is an important social and communal problem because it can lead
to different other problems of increase in crime, poor humanistic values and a total downfall of
humanity. People who are homeless may suffer f ...
From targets of charity to citizens? Emerging lessons on gender-responsive so...Economic Research Forum
1) The document discusses gender considerations in social protection programs in Palestine. While such programs have helped households, they have had limited impact on empowering women at individual, household, and community levels.
2) At the individual level, programs improved consumption but did little for income generation or access to services. At the household level, they reduced stress but not care burdens. At the community level, they facilitated some participation but also stigma.
3) To better empower women, programs need to address norms, care responsibilities, mobility, and link to services, skills and legal support while enhancing information sharing and collective action.
Poverty remains a major global problem, with millions living without adequate food, water, or shelter. Several countries have high rates of poverty, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, African nations, Ethiopia, and Cambodia. Non-profit organizations like CARE Australia aim to help these impoverished regions through humanitarian aid. Social entrepreneurs also work to address poverty by appealing for donations, using funds to provide necessities, and raising awareness of living conditions. Individuals can contribute by donating to charities, joining missionary outreach, or organizing fundraising events to support poverty relief efforts.
The McCrackens are working in Portland, Oregon to prevent child sex trafficking through various programs: presenting on the issue in schools and youth groups, operating Door to Grace which provides support to survivors, and mentoring at-risk youth. Their long term vision is to holistically transform the Rockwood area of Portland through over 20 churches and 1,100 volunteers providing services like housing, jobs, education and community support.
The document outlines the mission and message of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. Its core mission is to strengthen Jewish identity, build Jewish community, and grow Jewish philanthropy in Detroit, Israel, and around the world by supporting Jewish education, engaging the community, and providing for those in need. It provides an overview of the Federation's priorities and challenges, including supporting seniors, families, employment programs, individuals with disabilities, and making Jewish education affordable.
ReferencesKorgen, K. O., & Atkinson, M. P. (2019). Sociology.docxlorent8
References
Korgen, K. O., & Atkinson, M. P. (2019). Sociology in action (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc..
Ch 5: Migration, Globalization, and Cult…
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5
Migration, Globalization, and Cultural Diversity
age fotostock/Superstock
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
· Describe the most common issues or theses that arise within a society as a result of increased diversity.
· Distinguish among the characteristics of migrant workers, immigrants, and diasporas.
· Evaluate factors that contribute to ongoing conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians and discuss the impact of thesefactors on diasporas from that region.
· Explain the historical reasons for the creation of the African diaspora and the diverse cultural composition of that diaspora.
· Synthesize the reasons for social stratification throughout the world and the challenges such stratification poses for the globalsocial environment and the global economy.
· Analyze the relationships among globalization, income inequality, and social stratification.
· Compare concepts of diversity over the past 200 years and forecast future avenues for understanding cultural diversity andindividual differences.
· Differentiate between multiculturalism and pluralism in describing the cultures within a society.Ch 5 Introduction
Previous section
Next sectionIntroduction
Diversity has become a dominant issue in the social, political, and legal environments of American life. The United States, however, is not theonly country with an influx of newcomers into its diverse society. Throughout history, people around the world have traveled from theirhomelands to settle in other geographic regions. The arrival of foreign populations into an established culture compels both recent settlersand existing populations to examine long-held beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors.
Although the specific issues raised by new settlers may vary, common themes emerge as a society becomes more diverse. These themes caninclude:
· the need to understand the meaning of human and cultural diversity in society;
· the favoring of some groups and the oppression of or discrimination against others;
· difficulties in fully understanding and appreciating cultures different from one’s own;
· the ability to balance an appreciation for individuals’ differences while retaining a common and unified culture; and
· the ability to accept and blend diverse and sometimes conflicting norms and values within a nation, state, neighborhood, or family.
Social scientists believe that to understand how these issues play out within a specific culture requires first understanding a culture’shistorical and sociocultural context, as well as the historical and sociocultural context of its new arrivals. Chapter 5 focuses on these commonthemes relative to human diversity and culture around the world.5.1 Migration and Global Diversity
The causes of migration are complex and varied,.
AFCPE 2013-The Culture of Personal Finance-What Financial Practitioners Need ...Barbara O'Neill
This document provides an overview of a workshop on understanding the impact of culture on personal finances. It discusses how culture influences financial practices and decisions in ubiquitous and influential ways. It describes how the United States is becoming more culturally diverse and will no longer have a single racial majority by 2020. It highlights the need for financial practitioners to understand different cultural groups to better serve a multicultural population. It provides examples of how various ethnic groups approach finances differently based on their cultural values and experiences.
Poverty in New Zealand exists in various contexts and forms. For Māori, historical land confiscations disrupted traditional food sources and economies, contributing to intergenerational poverty. While some value non-material well-being like culture and connection, poverty is often discussed in relation to loss of land, language, and culture. Racism in institutions also excludes Indigenous peoples and brings a poverty of identity. Addressing poverty requires understanding its cultural and historical roots.
Who Put Out the Fire? The state of services for people with learning difficul...Citizen Network
This talk was given to commissioners of services for people with learning disabilities in Darlington by Dr Simon Duffy of the Centre for Welfare Reform. It argues that the people currently institutionalised in private hospitals are showing us that the whole community care system is unacceptable and that we need to start recognising that it is a system of ghettos.
Similar to financial resilience through charity (20)
Women in the Gig Economy (Platforms, Social Reproduction)Al James
1. Many women turn to platform work for its flexibility to better balance work and family responsibilities, such as caring for children, but find that lack of support and benefits make this difficult to achieve.
2. While platforms provide more flexible hours, women still struggle with the demands of constant availability, unpredictable income, and lack of benefits like paid leave.
3. Working from home also brings new health and safety issues, such as clients who overstep boundaries, and women feel pressure to hide pregnancies or cut maternity leave short due to lost income and clients.
1) The document discusses the experiences of women working in the online gig economy, focusing on their motivations, work-life flexibility, and precarity.
2) While platforms advertise flexibility, women face demands for evening/weekend work, lack of benefits, and income precarity.
3) Issues include lack of sick pay/maternity leave, hiding pregnancies, and inappropriate client behavior, compromising health and safety.
4) While seeking work-life balance, women still do most childcare and experience new constraints from algorithms and fees.
Business Case for Family Friendly Working - New Evidence (2018)Al James
Work-Life Advantage analyses how employer-provision of ‘family-friendly’ working arrangements - designed to help workers better reconcile work, home and family - can also enhance firms’ capacities for learning and innovation, in pursuit of long-term competitive advantage and socially inclusive growth. This slideshare provides an overview introduction to the book.
This document discusses gender inclusivity in regional studies and innovation. It documents the everyday struggles of balancing work and family responsibilities for high-tech professionals. While employer-provided family-friendly policies can help firms' learning and innovation, the regional studies field has largely ignored gender and social reproduction factors. The author conducted surveys of 150 firms and 300 IT workers in the UK and Ireland, finding that uneven work-life balance support among employers shapes workers' mobility and knowledge transfers between firms. Integrating work-life concerns can benefit both workers and firms.
AAG April 2018: Gendered Digital Work-Lives: Juggling Gig Work and Mothering
This paper emerges from feminist economic geography debates around social reproduction and the future of work in the so-called ‘sharing economy’ or ‘gig economy’. Within this framework, it documents the lived experiences of female returners with young families juggling gig work with the messy and fleshy everyday activities of social reproduction, in ways that potentially disrupt (versus reinforce) stubborn gendered labour market inequalities. The analysis is developed through fieldwork with women using popular online jobs platforms (TaskRabbit, Upwork, PeoplePerHour) in two UK cities (Leeds and Manchester) which are actively positioning themselves as ‘Sharing Cities’. Despite widespread claims surrounding female emancipatory work-life possibilities (‘mumpreneurship’) enabled by the gig economy, supporting evidence is limited. In short, we know relatively little about the everyday work-lives of women trying to make a living using online work platforms – not least, the much heralded ‘emancipatory’ experiences of female digital workers seeking to reconcile work, home and family, and to negotiate better labour market outcomes via digital work platforms relative to ‘mainstream’ employers. Reinforcing these problems, the expansive work-life balance research literature is limited in its engagement with the Gig Economy. Rather, most WLB studies focus on the challenges of juggling work, home and family amongst employees in ‘standard’ workplaces governed by HR managers; rather than the diversity of ‘alternative’ workspaces occupied by gig workers, whose abilities to reconcile competing activities of work, home and family as ‘dependent contractors’ are governed by digital algorithms and the work allocation models built into them by platform developers. In so doing, this paper brings debates around mothering into new productive conversation with labour geography and digital economies.
The everyday challenges faced by workers ‘struggling to juggle’ competing commitments of paid work, home and family remain stubbornly persistent and highly gendered. Reinforcing these problems, many employers regard work-life balance (WLB) provision as too costly: ‘the luxuries of a booming economy that cannot be sustained as we seek to recover from recession’ (Leighton and Gregory 2011: 11). In response, this paper explores the learning and innovation advantages that can result from WLB provision in knowledge-intensive firms, as part of a WLB ‘mutual gains’ research agenda. These synergies are explored through a case study of IT workers and firms in two high tech regional economies - Dublin, Ireland and Cambridge, UK - prior to (2006-8) and subsequent to (2010) the economic downturn. The results suggest that by making available the kinds of WLB arrangements identified by workers as offering meaningful reductions in gendered work-life conflicts, employers can also enhance the learning and innovation processes within and between firms, which are widely recognised as fundamental for firms’ long-term sustainable competitive advantage.
In an increasingly globalised world, the long-standing intellectual division of labour between ‘economic’ geographers and ‘development’ scholars is becoming less tenable. This paper explores some of the practical implications and synergistic outcomes of developing a hybrid economic / development geography ‘trading zone’ - in which economic geographers are forced to step outside their comfort zones through new empirical engagements with workers, firms, and urban economies in the global South. Here we reflect on these possibilities in relation to undergraduate teaching in human geography through fieldwork undertaken in India.
Over the last three decades, economic geographers have explored how the spatial co-location of firms in regional industrial agglomerations helps foster learning, innovation and economic competitiveness. While recent work highlights the crucial role of labour mobility in promoting inter-firm ‘knowledge spillovers’, it pays little attention to how gendered responsibilities of care, and personal-life interests beyond the workplace shape workers’ (non)participation in the relational networks and communities of practice widely theorized as enabling learning and innovation. This paper presents new data from two regional economies: Dublin, Ireland and Cambridge, UK. It documents the role of ‘work-life balance’ provision across IT employers in shaping the cross-firm mobility of workers, and the tacit knowledge, skills and competencies which they embody. The paper disrupts the powerful premise that ‘cross-firm labour mobility is always and everywhere good’ which informs much of the regional learning literature. It also contributes to emerging debates around ‘holistic’ regional development.
The ‘Sharing Economy’ continues to spark widespread debate – not least in the UK, which has been identified as the ‘European capital of the Sharing Economy’, worth an estimated £0.5 billion in 2014 and forecast to grow to £9 billion by 2025 (ONS 2016). This paper critically explores the origins and operation of the Sharing Economy and its emergent digital labour geographies in relation to: the role of online labour markets and algorithms in managing and motivating work; whether the Sharing Economy is creating new jobs or crowding out old ones; the extent to which outsourced ‘clickwork’ has an empowering, liberating effect at a time when more and more people find it increasingly difficult to meet the demands of more formal, traditional work environments; the role of digital labour in blurring commonly-accepted conceptual boundaries between ‘producer’ / ‘consumer’, ‘labour’ / ‘play’ through the creation of a new cohort of ‘prosumers’ engaged in ‘playbour’; and criticisms of the ‘dark side’ of the Sharing Economy for workers who have limited legal protection as ‘independent contractors’ (the cybertariat). The paper also considers the extent to which digital work disrupts or reinforces stubborn labour market inequalities rooted in gender and race.
This article extends research exploring progressive models of reproducing economic life by reporting on research into some of the infrastructure, practices and motivations for Islamic charitable giving in London. In so doing the article: (i) makes visible sets of values, practices and institutions usually hidden in an otherwise widely researched international financial centre; (ii) identifies multiple, hard-to-research civic actors who
are mobilising diverse resources to address economic hardship and development needs; and (iii) considers how these charitable values, practices and agents contribute
to contemporary thinking about progressive economic possibilities.
India service careers - former call centre agentsAl James
This article presents findings from a labour mobility survey of 250 former call centre agents in India’s National Capital Region (September 2008) exploring individuals’ employment before, during and immediately after leaving India’s high-profile call centre ‘industry’. These data are combined with forty-two in-depth interviews conducted in India’s NCR (July 2006 to August
2008) with call centre agents, managers, ex-call centre agents, labour organizers and economic development officials, as well as representatives from different labour market intermediaries. The study gives a cautiously optimistic account about the call centre work and employment opportunities on offer in India’s ‘IT Enabled Services – Business Processing Outsourcing’
(or ITES-BPO) industry, and their implications for young urban middle class graduates based on: (i) the movement of around one fifth of the ex-call centre agent sample into further study, facilitated by relatively high call centre salaries; (ii) the movement of ex-call centre agents into higher paying job
roles in a wide range of sectors including banking, IT, insurance, marketing, real estate and telecommunications; and (iii) the development of transferable skills in Indian call centres that are recognized by ex-call centre agents and their subsequent employers as conferring a labour market advantage in other
sectors of India’s new service economy relative to colleagues without prior call centre work experience.
India services - job hopping, careers, skillsAl James
The last two decades have seen a profound shift in how labour is spatially conceptualized and understood within economic geography, based on a recognition of workers’ abilities to fashion the geography of capitalism to suit their own needs.
However, the bulk of work in labour geography fails to examine worker agency beyond a narrow focus on the trade union movement, largely divorces workers’ activities from the
sphere of social reproduction, and rarely looks beyond the ‘core’ capitalist economies of the Global North. In response, this article presents findings from a regional labour mobility survey of 439 call centre workers in India’s National Capital Region (May 2007). Here, previous work has heavily criticized the ‘dead-end’ nature of call centre jobs offshored to India from the Global North, yet has done so based on an intra-firm
focus of analysis. By taking an alternative cross-firm worker agency approach, our analysis documents for the first time some Indian call centre agents’ abilities to circumvent a lack of internal job ladders and achieve career progression through lateral ‘career staircases’, as they job hop between firms in pursuit of better pay, improved working conditions and more complex job roles. In the absence of widespread
unionization within this sector, the article also discusses the productive and social reproductive factors that underpin these patterns of Indian call centre worker agency, and their mediation by a complex nexus of labour market intermediaries beyond the
firm. In so doing, the article ‘theorizes back’ (Yeung, 2007) on ‘mainstream’ (Western) theories of the limits to call centre worker agency and career advancement.
regional cultures of innovation - research agendaAl James
The purpose of this chapter is to off er a broad introduction to this important research stream concerned with the regional cultural economy of learning, innovation and development. The chapter begins by setting out its intellectual origins and ‘founding parents’; explaining core conceptual frameworks which scholars have developed to theorize regional cultures of innovation and their growth effects; summarizing important
debates around the need to ‘demystify’ regional culture and how to ground ‘innovative milieux’ empirically; and outlining some important case studies that have analysed the links between regional culture, knowledge production and regional development (specifically Silicon Valley, Boston’s Route 128, Salt Lake City, Oxford’s Motorsport Valley and Cuba’s bioscience cluster). The chapter concludes by charting two newly emergent research agendas around gendered cultural economies of learning within high- tech regions; and a decentring of the mainstream research literature (with its almost exclusive focus on the Global North) to regional industrial systems in the Global South, in order to expose the limits of Western- centred readings of regional cultural economy, learning and development.
economic / development geography trading zoneAl James
In an increasingly globalized world, the long-standing intellectual division of labour between ‘economic’ geographers and ‘development’ scholars is becoming less tenable. This paper explores some of the practical implications and synergistic outcomes of developing a hybrid economic/development geography ‘trading zone’. Drawing on experiences from our collaborative research on India’s new service economy,
we reflect on: our intellectual journey through this project from relatively conventional subdisciplinary start points; how we were forced to rethink those start points at each stage of the research project; and the wider implications of these experiences for contemporary debates on internal interdisciplinarity
within human geography.
This article analyzes work-life balance (WLB) in the Irish IT sector. It discusses the limitations of conventional business case analyses that focus only on benefits to firms. The article aims to develop an alternative analysis considering both business and social factors. It examines: [1] gendered experiences of work-life conflict for IT workers; [2] WLB arrangements preferred by workers to reduce conflict; and [3] how these arrangements support learning and innovation in knowledge-intensive firms. The analysis moves beyond narrow economic rationales to consider WLB's importance for equity, well-being, and gender roles.
This paper explores the lived experiences and aspirational social constructions of call centre work and employment in India’s high profile IT Enabled Services–Business Process Outsourcing (ITES–BPO) industry; the ways in which they differ from those previously documented amongst call centre workers in the Global North (specifically the UK); and the consequences of that geographical reconfiguration of offshored call centre work for the replicability in India of workplace collective bargaining strategies successfully developed in some UK call centres. These issues are analysed using new empirical evidence from a
regional survey of 511 non-unionised ITES–BPO workers and 42 in-depth interviews in India’s National Capital Region. Based on this analysis, the paper then discusses the operation, outcomes and ongoing challenges faced by the newly formed ‘Union for ITES Professionals’ (UNITES Pro) in developing an alternative occupational organising model better suited to the particular needs, motivations and preferences of India’s young, mobile, call centre workers. The empirical analysis presented in the paper is located, therefore, within wider debates on the role of geographical context in shaping possibilities for organising
white-collar service workers at different ends of global service chains in the new economy.
This document discusses professional service firms and their growth over the last three decades. It makes three key points:
1. Professional service firms apply specialized technical knowledge through interpersonal relationships to solve clients' problems. Major sectors include law, accounting, architecture, advertising, consulting, and financial services.
2. Professional service firms have exhibited rapid growth and spatial clustering in integrated clusters. This clustering enhances firms' learning and innovation processes, which are important to their competitiveness.
3. More recently, some professional service firms have internationalized by sending staff abroad from countries like the US and Europe. This allows insights into emerging global service networks and new international divisions of labor.
Book Review of 'Economic Geography: A Contemporary Introduction' by Neil Coe, Philip Kelly and Henry Yeung (Oxford, UK; Malden, MA, USA; and Carlton 10 Victoria, Australia: Blackwell, 2007).
A growing body of research explores how different dimensions of high-tech regional economic development are fundamentally
and unavoidably gendered. This article offers a summary introduction to this nascent research agenda, focused on three phenomena widely documented in the regional literature as supporting intra- and interfirm learning and innovation processes, but whose attendant gendered social relations and gender divisions have yet to be fully analysed and understood, namely, (i) processes of worker mobility, labour ‘churning’ and their brokering by different labour market intermediaries; (ii)
venture capital financing, entrepreneurship and firm start-up; and (iii) the origins and implications of (masculinist) corporate cultures for firms’ absorptive capacities. By way of conclusion, the article outlines some interesting directions in which
future research in this area might usefully develop in order to contribute to a broader project around holistic regional (socio)economic development.
Although recognition of the significance of gender divisions continues to transform economic geography, the discipline nevertheless remains highly uneven in its degree of engagement with gender as a legitimate focus of analysis. In particular, although social institutions are now widely
regarded as key determinants of economic success, the regional learning and innovation literature remains largely gender blind, simultaneously subordinating the female worker voice and making invisible distinctively gendered patterns of work in the face of an increasingly feminised labour force.
Focusing on the industrial agglomeration of information and communication technology firms in Cambridge, England, we first outline the nature of the inequalities in patterns of work and social interaction among female versus male employees within Cambridge's high-tech regional economy. Second, we demonstrate how these inequalities in turn constrain female employees' abilities to contribute to key processes widely theorised to underpin firms' innovative capacities and economic
competitiveness. Specifically, these self-identified constraints centre on female workers' abilities to: (a) act as agents of information and knowledge diffusion between firms; and (b) use new information and knowledge once they enter the firm. Overall, our results suggest that gender issues of social equity
at the level of the individual worker need to be explicitly integrated with issues of economic competitiveness at the levels of the firm and the region. This is a case not simply of female employees being socially excluded at work, but of their simultaneous exclusion from key elements of firms'
productive processes.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
financial resilience through charity
1. Recentering anaemic economic
geographies of financial resilience
Al James (al.james@ncl.ac.uk)
Kavita Datta (k.datta@qmul.ac.uk)
Jane Pollard (jane.pollard@ncl.ac.uk)
Quman Akli (quman.akli@gmail.com)
2017 Annual Meeting of the American Association
of Geographers, Boston, 5-9 April 2017
2. Recession and Austerity: possibilities for
redistributive growth and recovery?
• worst impacts in already disadvantaged communities: low-
income and minority neighbourhoods (Ghosh 2010; IFS 2010)
• Many areas must fend for themselves: rising unemp, welfare
cut-backs, reduced public spending central and local govts.
• ‘Resilience’: financial means by which some communities are
able to ‘withstand pressures that might defeat others over a
period of time’ (Batty and Cole 2010: 8).
• EG debate: social sustainability and humane redistributive
quality of post-crisis growth (Lee et al. 2009; Tomaney et al. 2010;
Pike et al. 2007).
• ‘Possibilities of alternative institutions that might help create a
richer, more equitable and more diverse, economic and
financial ecology’ (French and Leyshon 2010: 2557).
• Financial resilience: to negate dependence on high interest
debt, pay day loans
3. On Economic Geographies of ‘Resilience’
• Policy interest: how some communities in aftermath of recession are: ‘harnessing
local resources and expertise to help themselves’ (Cabinet Office 2011: 4). (c.f.
anti-neoliberal critique).
• ‘Resilience’: spatial application of ideas from natural and physical sciences:
– Responsive capacities of places, communities, economies to
anticipate, prepare for, respond to and recover from a system-wide
disturbance, disruption, crisis (e.g. Foster 2007; Lang 2010; MacKinnon and
Derickson 2012)…
– …& to overcome short-term or long-term economic adversity while
others fail (Christopherson et al. 2010: 3).
• Endogenous assets and resources that enable adaptation to changing market
conditions, welfare cuts, politics of austerity? (Christopherson et al. 2010; Wolfe 2010; Martin 2011
2012).
• Major research questions: what do ‘resilient’ localities, communities,
regions look like? Institutions and everyday practices that foster
resilience? positive or negative quality? implications for policy intervention?
4. Recentering Anaemic Economic Geographies of
‘Resilience’
1. Charities sidelined (+ individuals / households who fund them)
2. Internalist conceptions of resilience: c.f. wider circuits
3. Failure to learn from resilience practices rooted in global
South: where ‘so much of what has happened is so familiar’
(Pollard 2013: 416)
• Reinforces ‘anaemic geography’ in which ‘non-West’ space is
never examined (Sparke 1994: 113); ‘as if what happens in the
West occurs independently of non-Western worlds’
(Christophers 2012: 287)
• C.f. ‘cosmopolitan financial geographies’ (Pollard and Samers
2013); practiced in multiple, not singular ways (Lee et al. 2008;
Jones and Murphy 2010).
5. Resilience of Islamic Finance and Charity
Islamic Banking and Finance
•Shari’a compliance helped maintain IBF profitability through
2008 c.f. ‘conventional’ (interest-based) banks (Hasan and
Dridi 2010)
•300+ IBF institutions worldwide: assets US$200-300 bil.
(Pollard and Samers 2007). Helping poorest of the poor??
Islamic Charity (UK)
UK’s largest Islamic charities, sustained increase in voluntary
donor income through economic downturn:
•Islamic Relief: £34m 2008, £41 m 2009
•Muslim Aid: £24m 2008, £44m 2009
Similar patterns Greater London:
•500+ Islamic charities, £69 million p.a. donations (UK Charity
Commission 2008)
•2009-10: 150 Islamic charities in London, £125 million p.a.
income (Pollard et al. 2016 in JEG)
6. Household practices of giving that support Islamic charity?
Case Study: Somali Community, East London
•Islam major defining element of Somali ID and culture
•Nation of emigrants: escalation of civil conflict in Somalia from
late 1980s, increased involuntary migration
•One of largest / longest established Somali populations (95 000 -
250 000 people) in Europe
•89% of Somalis in UK live in London
•One of most deprived UK migrant communities (IPPR 2007; ELA
2010; Chouhan et al. 2011):
• Significant unemployment
• Inter-generational transmission of poverty
• High concentration in rented and social housing
• Significant benefit dependency (Datta 2012).
•Popular discourse of marginalised Somali migrants c.f. more
nuanced, diverse set of resilience practices, rooted in faith
and mutual aid
7. Researching Migrants and their Money
• Household survey: 60 Somali households
• In-depth interviews: 20 Somali individuals
• Case study: Tower Hamlets, ‘the mother of the Somali
community in London’ (East London Alliance 2010)
• Recruited via gatekeeper organisations: Somali
migrant/welfare organisations (Ocean Somali Community
Association (OSCA), Karin Housing Association, the
Somali Day Centre, Somali Integration Team (SIT))
• 98% participants first generation Somali migrants;
majority (73%) living in the UK for over 10 years
• Sample consistent with previous research om Somalis in
London (Datta 2012; Hammond et al. 2011)
• Survey & interviews in Somali; translated into English
• Additional interviews with intermediaries (e.g. Director of
East London Mosque, Imam of Al-Huda mosque)
8. •100% participants supported charitable causes in previous 12 mo (N=60, 2012)
• 38% targeting Somalis (48% recipients in UK)
• 42% targeting Muslims (72% recipients in UK)
• 25% targeting non-Muslims (93% recipients in UK)
• half: economic downturn no change charitable donations
• only 3 participants give less frequently due to economic downturn
•Range: £5-1200 per month (also 10-20 hours per month of volunteer time).
•Giving despite significant deprivation: 57% unemployed; 63% in benefit recipient households
(job seekers allowance, incapacity benefit, pension support, income support); and 48% of
households with dependent children under 16yrs.
•Employed cohort (43%) typically in low paid jobs: e.g. cleaning, care, community activism.
•Over half lived in social housing let by the local council.
•97% participants: significant role of Islamic faith in shaping donations
Everyday practices of Somali charitable giving
through the economic downturn
9. Practice Description /Qur’an foundation Survey
prevalence
Illustrative quotes
n %
Zakat Obligatory alms giving, incumbent on all
believing Muslims who have financial
means to give.
Zakat specifically targets disadvantaged
and poorest, legitimizing personal gain by
reserving part of it for community benefit.
35 61 ‘God will ask me in the hereafter what we have done for
poor people. We are Muslims and have to show each
other mercy and support each other’ (Somali female,
moved to UK 2004, over 50 yrs old)
Sadaqa Voluntary act of giving charity, more than
the obligatory Zakat. Can take money and
non-money forms and be given at any
time. Used for longer-term projects rather
than as response to immediate short-term
need.
56 98 ‘I want blessings from God, work towards going to
heaven, and God has told us to pay sadaqa. It will
cleanse you. It is an order from God, those who don’t
pay don’t get any rewards in this life and the hereafter’
(Somali male, moved to UK 1990, 41-50 yrs old).
Qadhanna/
Baho
Terms often used interchangeably; apply
to Somali community specifically
Community fund-raising for charitable
purposes.
Often on a clan/kinship group basis, but
recipients do not necessarily belong to
same clan/kinship group.
45 79 ‘There are people who have no status in this country
and they are refugees and they are struggling. We give
these people shelter, travel, health, we have to pay this.
There are also people who are sick and haven’t got
anyone and need help from the community and maybe
not eligible for social services. It is our responsibility to
help, the community has to. Your tribe’. (Somali male,
moved to UK 1992, 41-50 yrs old).
Motivations for Somali charitable giving (faith & non-faith)
10. Mobilising Diverse Assets for Mutual Aid;
Building Capacities for Financial Resilience
•Typical donations < £100 per mo (except 2 at £1000 & £1200 / mo)
•40% fund from (low) wages, 50% from state welfare benefits (drain on
scarce familial resources) .
•Resourcefulness to free up cash: e.g. informal trading govt food
vouchers in exchange for cash with other Somalis in supermarkets.
•Beyond cash donations: volunteering time in welfare projects that
transfer knowledge expertise to poor and needy, donating clothes, giving
gold.
• Main causes: education (62%), health (60%), help the needy
(52%), poverty alleviation (18%), disaster relief (80%).
• Interviews: definitions of those ‘in need’ of charity / ‘deserving
poor’ geographically reconfigured in aftermath of recession /
austerity (greater UK focus).
• Building networks of mutual aid, asset redistribution, and
support rooted in shared identity – reduces need for
vulnerable households to turn to high interest debt.
• Reproduction of Somali community, survival in absence of
welfare, investments in short term coping and longer term
infrastructures.
11. Recentering anaemic econ geogs of resilience
1. Mutual aid in London emerges from prior experiences in global South of
conflict, famine, familial separation, economic crisis, poverty, informal
assistance.
– Transfer of resources (e.g. food, petty cash) between households, essential for
survival of poor refugee families as non-citizens in countries of exile
– Deeply entrenched commitment in Dadaab Somali refugee camp Kenya for assisting
destitute neighbours, sharing wealth / income with needy – rearticulated in UK context
2. Complex repeat onward migrations further challenge internalist
conceptions of resilience practices
– e.g. Somali to UK, via Ethiopia, Sudan, Libya; and via India, to Bangladesh, to UK;
also via Dubai, Kenya, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, UAE.
– ‘We [Somalis] have learned about charity from the countries where we live and how
they give to charity. You will find here that there are people who don’t even know you,
but they give you charity’’ (Somali female, moved UK 2007, 18-30 yrs old)
3. New conversations with ‘resilience’ literatures by another name (Devt)
– Resourcefulness, survival, livelihood strategies, urban livelihoods, coping
mechanisms, mutual aid, durability, refugee camp economies, civil society, and
mutual support networks (e.g. Kibreab 1993; McIlwaine 1998; Horst 2006; Rigg 2007; Little 2008; Jinnah
2010; Omata 2013)
– Gives faith more prominent role in economic resilience c.f. EconGeog
12. Concluding Comments
• Makes visible subaltern economic agents and
practices in ‘global city’ epicentre of high finance.
• Challenges long-standing policy discourses of
London’s Somali migrant community as less than
resilient, part of a ‘troubled and troublesome Muslim
minority’ (Phillips 2009).
• Resilience capacity building activities supported in UK
AND overseas through economic downturn: health,
education, poverty alleviation, female empowerment,
youth development, building / maintaining buildings
for worship and giving.
• New analytical possibilities for geographers to
'theorise back' on economic resilience from within EG
'heartland core' (and beyond)
• Diverse economic resilience practices rooted in the
global South – resilience literatures by another name.
13.
14. Conceptualising ‘Resilience’
• Academic and policy interest: how some communities in post-recessionary period can
– ‘withstand pressures that might defeat others over a period of time’ (Batty and Cole 2010: 8)
– ‘flourishing despite extraordinarily tough experiences and envts’ (Buchardt & Huerta 2009: 59)
– ‘harnessing local resources and expertise to help themselves’ (Cabinet Office 2011: 4).
• From natural and physical sciences (ecolog systems’ capacities to adapt and thrive
under adverse conditions) to spatial application in social sciences and public policy
(see Dawley et al. 2010, Martin and Sunley 2014):
– Responsive capacities of places, communities and economies to anticipate,
prepare for, respond to and recover from a system-wide disturbance,
disruption or crisis (e.g. Foster 2007; Lang 2010; MacKinnon and Derickson
2012)…
– …and to overcome short-term or long-term economic adversity to maintain a
high quality of life for residents while others fail (Christopherson et al. 2010:
3).
• From earlier focus on innate characteristics of individuals, towards spatial settings
they inhabit (Batty and Cole 2010).
15. Charity Declared Charitable Activities Income and disbursements Spaces of
operation
Association of
Senior Muslim
Citizens
Efforts towards relief of poverty and improving quality of
life of the elderly residents by: home and hospital visits;
hospital family liaison; seminars talks and social get
togethers to minimise social isolation; to improve health
awareness
Financial Year End 31 Mar 2010:
income £5 922
spending £2 727
Harrow
Bow Muslim
Community Centre
Providing help and assistance to the local Muslim
community to overcome their disadvantages and improve
their condition of life.
Financial Year End 31 Mar 2010:
income £78 731
spending £22 296
Bow, East
London
Hefazothe
Islam UK
To advance Islamic religion, education and training; to
relieve poverty, suffering and distress; and to protect and
promote public health.
Financial Year End 31 Mar 2010:
income £257 362
spending £304 774
Tower
Hamlets and
Bangladesh
Memon
Association UK
Provision of welfare services to the poor and needy.
Provision of facilities to help the elderly. To uphold and
preserve the religion of Islam in accordance with the
Sunni school of thought. To assist financially and / or
otherwise such members of the Memon community and
others in general who are poor and needy.
Financial Year End 31 Dec 2009:
income £142 691
spending £77 970
Lambeth
Muslim Student
Charity
To relieve need among Muslim students in the UK
through provision of hostels, recreation and leisure
facilities in the interests of social welfare
Financial Year End 30 Sept 2008:
income £58 809
spending £56 153
London and
UK
Somali Community
Advancement
Organisation
To help elders, women and children from the Somali
community to integrate better into society and economy
by identifying their needs and providing appropriate
solutions: helping academically, enhancing skills,
empowering the community, increasing its competency
for better social and integration.
Financial Year End 31 Mar 2010
income £26 057
spending £19 176
London
UK Islamic Mission Raising funds for all human sufferings, human needs,
education purposes, and to provide centres for worship.
Financial Year End 31 March 2010:
income £2 919 429
spending £2 030 615
UK
16. Practice Description /Qur’an foundation Survey
prevalence
Illustrative quotes
n %
Zakat Obligatory alms giving, one of the obligations
(pillars) incumbent on all believing Muslims who
have financial means to give.
Determined by possession of nisab (minimum
wealth before zakat is payable).
Zakat specifically targets disadvantaged and
poorest, legitimizing personal gain by reserving
part of it for community benefit.
35 61 ‘The way that Islam looks at everything you have, 2.5% you share.
You always look at people poorer than you in order to appreciate
what you have. There is no difference between you and the poor
person or the sick person. It is just you are lucky, you have to
share it’. (Somali female moved to UK 1987, over 50 yrs old).
‘God will ask me in the hereafter what we have done for poor
people. We are Muslims and have to show each other mercy and
support each other’ (Somali female, moved to UK 2004, over 50
yrs old)
Sadaqa Voluntary act of giving charity, given by those who
want to contribute more than the obligatory Zakat.
Can take money and non-money forms and be
given at any time. Used for longer-term projects
rather than as response to immediate short-term
need.
56 98 ‘I want blessings from God, work towards going to heaven, and
God has told us to pay sadaqa. It will cleanse you. It is an order
from God, those who don’t pay don’t get any rewards in this life
and the hereafter’ (Somali male, moved to UK 1990, 41-50 yrs
old).
Waqf Islamic charitable perpetuities / benevolent funds:
title of an owned asset is locked up from
disposition, with income benefits dedicated for
welfare of a specific group (e.g. poor, elderly,
widows, orphans, travellers) or general societal
well-being (e.g. healthcare, education, shelter,
employment, development). Waqf benefits not
usually specific to Muslims alone.
12 21
‘There is a hadith that says if you pay charity you will live long, and
another that says if you like to get something in your life you
should want the same thing for your Muslim brother or sister’
(Somali female, moved to UK 2001, 31-40 yrs old).
Qadhanna/
Baho
Terms often used interchangeably; apply to the
Somali community specifically; refer to
community fund-raising for charitable purposes.
Often done on a clan basis, but recipients do not
necessarily belong to the same clan.
45 79 ‘There are people who have no status in this country and they are
refugees and they are struggling. We give these people shelter,
travel, health, we have to pay this. There are also people who are
sick and haven’t got anyone and need help from the community.
There are also old people who are housebound and maybe not
eligible for social services. It is our responsibility to help, the
community has to. Your tribe’. (Somali male, moved to UK 1992,
41-50 yrs old).
Diverse everyday practices of Somali charitable giving (faith & non-faith)
17. Evidencing the Rapid Growth of IBF
Virtually unknown 35 years ago: significant trend in
global finance over the last 15 years
Currently over 300 Islamic banks and financial
institutions worldwide, with estimated assets of
between US$200 and $300 billion
Estimates suggest a further $1.1 trillion in Islamic
global funds (Henry and Wilson 2004; Sandhu 2005;
Ibrahim 2006)
Many countries (e.g. Bahrain, Brunei, Iran, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Sudan) have
‘Islamicized’ their banking systems to one degree
or another
‘Interest-based’ banks throughout Muslim-dominated
countries are now considering converting to Islamic
banks in order to expand their client base (Pollard
and Samers 2007)
18. Islamic Banking and Finance: Bucking the
Economic Downturn
Recent evidence points to the ways in which the Shariah compliant business models adopted by Islamic Banks
helped contain the adverse impact on profitability through 2008 relative to conventional banks (Hasan and Dridi
2010 – see table below), extending a long-term general trend documented by earlier studies over a 30 year
timeframe (see e.g. Iqbal and Moylneux 2005).
19. Different types of Islamic giving (Islamic Relief 2012, Hammond et al.,
2010)
• Charity is one of five pillars of Islam, five different terms used in the Qu’ran in relation to charity.
Of these most significant in context of this research are:
• Zakat which means ‘purity’ or ‘to purify’. Zakat is an obligation upon all believing Muslims who
have the financial means to give. Capacity to give is determined by the possession of nisab (the
minimum amount of wealth that one must have before zakat is payable). Items from which wealth
can be derived include: cattle, crops, gold, silver, and merchandise for business. Zakat must be paid
on cash deposits held in bank accounts. Many people pay Zakat during Ramadan both to remember
it, and also because the reward for good deeds done in blessed month is believed to be multiplied.
Zakat cannot be used to build mosques, to bury the deceased, or to clear the debt of the deceased.
Used to help those in need and the poorest.
• Sadaqah is a voluntary act of giving charity, and is given by those who want to contribute more
than the obligatory Zakat. It can take many forms (and is not simply restricted to money) and can
be given at any time. It is used for more long term projects rather than responding to immediate
need.
• Waqf refers to Islamic charitable perpetuities. It has been influential in providing the sustainable
development of many societies, and until 18th century, it operated in a fully independent and self-
sustaining way in managing many projects of social and economic importance. A charitable Waqf is
established when its income is dedicated for the welfare of a specific group of individuals or a
project. They include the poor, old, widows, orphans, travellers or anyone or any project that is
beneficial to the well being of the society in general. Waqf has directly helped the underprivileged
groups of the society in the area of education, healthcare, shelter, employment and other
necessary works of socio economic development activities.
• Qadhaan and Baho are sometimes used inter-changeably. Apply to the Somali community
specifically and refers to community fund raising for charitable purposes. Often done on clan basis
although recipients do not necessarily belong to the same clan.
20. Diverse everyday practices of resilient charitable giving
‘Charity is the third pillar of Islam. Everywhere salah
[prayer] is mentioned in the Quran, it is followed by
charity. Also, not only does charity increase your
reward, but it also washes your sins away like salah. It
protects you from any harm that might come your way
and also it is your protection in the hereafter. There is a
hadith in Bukhari that says charity never, never reduces
your wealth. This is something guaranteed as Allah will
return it to you’ (Somali female, moved to UK 1990,
aged 18-30).
Indeed, Singer (2008) has argued that without
charitable acts of giving, Islamic faith is incomplete.
21. Somali Charitable Networks: Clan and Media
• Collective basis of migrant giving:
– Individual (19%), Collective (18%) and Both (63%) – collective more effective
– Collective giving organised around family/friends, clan membership, women
only groups including hagbads, media, mosques
• Role of gender relations in structuring giving:
– Gendering of charitable giving and philanthropy (see also Sargeant 1999;
Piper and Schnepf 2008)
– ‘Feminine attributes’ (compassion, caring) and ‘women’s causes’ (orphans)
– Women take the lead, also canvassing of Somali women in fund raising
activities – e.g. ELM
– Men and women support different causes : “Women are... the main drivers…I
don’t think men give a lot to charity, or at least it is more selective, i.e. their
fellow clan men, a school in their area of origin. It is always somehow linked
with politics, or politicised clan, a competition with other villages.” (Somali
female, 31-40 yrs old, migrated to UK 2002).
• Role of media in shaping charitable giving and networks: raising awareness,
increased donation appeals during Ramadan and Eid when people more likely to
give. “The media has played a big role. Since Universal TV, Somali Channel etc have
started, there have been a lot of causes fundraised for whether it is a mosque, a
sick person, a hospital, all kinds of charities. This [TV appeals] motivates the
community to give.” (Somali female, aged 31-40, [survey participant 57])
• Role of mosques contested “[Mosques] have made people believe that the only
charitable acts are religious causes. ..they have created a hierarchy. It is almost if
you feed someone, you are focusing on this life not the hereafter and you get less
blessings for it. However, anything to do with religious causes is like working
towards your life in the hereafter.” (Somali female, 31-40 yrs old, migrated to UK
2002).
Editor's Notes
Somali clans Al Huda Mosque
OUTCOMES Giving rise to a series of resilience building outcomes – in a community that has been marginalised in all sorts of ways, the community is still resilient. Reproduction of community, surviving in the absence of welfare, household a shock absorber of last resort, investments in short term coping, versus investments in longer term infrastructures for support (e.g. faith based infrastructures of support, mosques, imam, Muslim brotherhood). Resilience of first generation Somalis as what enables resilience of second generation Somali women – find interview quotes on. Teach children to give because of what learned from own parents – sense of connection to earlier generations of migrant and also to back home, socialising children to give. Effecting structural change as second generation migrants move beyond basic coping concerns of earlier generations, younger generations seeing themselves as development agents.