無む神かみ論ろん

無む神かみ論ろん（Atheism）係がかり擺明姿勢しせい，一いち係がかり肯定こうてい無な神かみ（deity）^[1]，一いち係がかり否定ひてい神學しんがく（theism）^[2]。闊啲講こう^[3]，係かかり無む神かみ嘅信仰しんこう（belief）係がかり，非ひ神かみ論ろんnontheism^[4]。

好こう多た自認じにん（self-identity）無む神かみ論ろん者しゃ，對たい超ちょう自然しぜん嘅嘢，都と抱だき懷疑かいぎ態度たいど（skepticism），同どう講こう無な體驗たいけん（empiricism）證據しょうこ證明しょうめい神しん嘅存在そんざい。其他都と以哲學がく、社會しゃかい或ある者もの史學しがく做無神かみ論ろん嘅論據ろんきょ。好こう多た自認じにん無む神かみ論ろん者しゃ，都と傾向けいこう通俗つうぞく（secularism）哲學てつがく，例れい如人文じんぶん主義しゅぎ（humanism）^[5]同どう自然しぜん主義しゅぎ（naturalism）^[6]。無む神かみ論ろん並無ならびな一いち套意識いしき形態けいたい，無む神かみ論ろん者しゃ一いち套一定いってい行為こうい^[7]。有ゆう啲宗敎きょう，好こう似に耆那敎きょう同どう佛敎ぶっきょう咁，唔使信しん人格じんかく神しん（personal god）。

無む神かみ論ろん個こ西にし文ぶんatheism原本げんぽん係がかり指ゆび任にん何なん同どう發展はってん成熟せいじゅく嘅宗敎きょう有ゆう衝突しょうとつ，人にん又また好こう，信念しんねん又また好こう，係がかり種しゅ蔑稱べっしょう。^[8]^[9]。之これ不ふ過か，自由じゆう思想しそう（freethought）, 科學かがく懷疑かいぎ（scientific skepticism）同どう埋うめ宗敎しゅうきょう批判ひはん（criticism of religion）散發さんぱつ，atheism個こ意思いし越來ごえく越えつ專門せんもん，最後さいご變成へんせい無む神かみ論ろん者しゃ嘅自稱じしょう。

睇埋

註

↑ Pojman, Louis P (1999). Robert Audi (編へん). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (第だい(2nd edition)版ばん). the view that there are no gods. A widely used sense denotes merely not believing in God and is consistent with agnosticism. A stricter sense denotes a belief that there is no God...
↑ Nielsen, Kai. "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica. 喺2007-04-28搵到. "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."
↑ religioustolerance.org's short article on Definitions of the term "Atheism" 互聯網もう檔案館かん嘅歸かえり檔，歸かえり檔日期き2020年ねん1月がつ2號ごう，. suggests that there is no consensus on the definition of the term. Most dictionaries (see the OneLook 互聯網もう檔案館かん嘅歸かえり檔，歸かえり檔日期き2019年ねん10月がつ2號ごう，. query for "atheism") first list one of the more narrow definitions.
↑
- Eller, David (2004). Natural Atheism. pp. p 12. All humans are born Atheists. No baby born into the world arrives with specific religious beliefs or knowledge. Such beliefs and knowledge must be acquired, which means that they must first exist before and apart from the new life and that they must be presented to and impressed on the new suggestible mind—one that has no critical apparatus and no alternative views of its own. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
- Angeles, Peter A. (1981). Dictionary of Philosophy. USA: Barnes & Noble. 1. the belief that gods do not, or God does not, exist; 2. The disbelief in any kind of supernatural existence that is supposed to affect the universe; 3. the lack of belief in a particular God {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |isbn13= ignored (help)
- Runes, Dagobert D.(editor) (1942 edition). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help) - entry by Vergilius Ferm
- Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none.
↑ Honderich, Ted (Ed.) (1995). "Humanism". The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. p 376. ISBN 0-19-866132-0.
↑ Fales, Evan. "Naturalism and Physicalism", in Martin 2007, pp. 122–131.
↑ Baggini 2003, pp. 3–4.
↑ Drachmann, A. B. (1977 ("an unchanged reprint of the 1922 edition")). Atheism in Pagan Antiquity. Chicago: Ares Publishers. ISBN 0-89005-201-8. Atheism and atheist are words formed from Greek roots and with Greek derivative endings. Nevertheless they are not Greek; their formation is not consonant with Greek usage. In Greek they said atheos and atheotēs; to these the English words ungodly and ungodliness correspond rather closely. In exactly the same way as ungodly, atheos was used as an expression of severe censure and moral condemnation; this use is an old one, and the oldest that can be traced. Not till later do we find it employed to denote a certain philosophical creed. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
↑ Stanley, Thomas (1687). The history of philosophy 1655–61. quoted in Oxford English Dictionary. An Atheist is taken two ways, for him who is an enemy to the Gods, and for him who believeth there are no Gods. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[1] Pojman, Louis P (1999). Robert Audi (編へん). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (第だい(2nd edition)版ばん). the view that there are no gods. A widely used sense denotes merely not believing in God and is consistent with agnosticism. A stricter sense denotes a belief that there is no God...

[britannica-2] Nielsen, Kai. "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica. 喺2007-04-28搵到. "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."

[3] religioustolerance.org's short article on Definitions of the term "Atheism" 互聯網もう檔案館かん嘅歸かえり檔，歸かえり檔日期き2020年ねん1月がつ2號ごう，. suggests that there is no consensus on the definition of the term. Most dictionaries (see the OneLook 互聯網もう檔案館かん嘅歸かえり檔，歸かえり檔日期き2019年ねん10月がつ2號ごう，. query for "atheism") first list one of the more narrow definitions.

[4] 
Eller, David (2004). Natural Atheism. pp. p 12. All humans are born Atheists. No baby born into the world arrives with specific religious beliefs or knowledge. Such beliefs and knowledge must be acquired, which means that they must first exist before and apart from the new life and that they must be presented to and impressed on the new suggestible mind—one that has no critical apparatus and no alternative views of its own. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)

Angeles, Peter A. (1981). Dictionary of Philosophy. USA: Barnes & Noble. 1. the belief that gods do not, or God does not, exist; 2. The disbelief in any kind of supernatural existence that is supposed to affect the universe; 3. the lack of belief in a particular God {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |isbn13= ignored (help)

Runes, Dagobert D.(editor) (1942 edition). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help) - entry by Vergilius Ferm

Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none.

[5] Eller, David (2004). Natural Atheism. pp. p 12. All humans are born Atheists. No baby born into the world arrives with specific religious beliefs or knowledge. Such beliefs and knowledge must be acquired, which means that they must first exist before and apart from the new life and that they must be presented to and impressed on the new suggestible mind—one that has no critical apparatus and no alternative views of its own. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)

[6] Angeles, Peter A. (1981). Dictionary of Philosophy. USA: Barnes & Noble. 1. the belief that gods do not, or God does not, exist; 2. The disbelief in any kind of supernatural existence that is supposed to affect the universe; 3. the lack of belief in a particular God {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |isbn13= ignored (help)

[7] Runes, Dagobert D.(editor) (1942 edition). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |year= (help) - entry by Vergilius Ferm

[8] Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none.

[5] Honderich, Ted (Ed.) (1995). "Humanism". The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. p 376. ISBN 0-19-866132-0.

[6] Fales, Evan. "Naturalism and Physicalism", in Martin 2007, pp. 122–131.

[7] Baggini 2003, pp. 3–4.

[drachmann-8] Drachmann, A. B. (1977 ("an unchanged reprint of the 1922 edition")). Atheism in Pagan Antiquity. Chicago: Ares Publishers. ISBN 0-89005-201-8. Atheism and atheist are words formed from Greek roots and with Greek derivative endings. Nevertheless they are not Greek; their formation is not consonant with Greek usage. In Greek they said atheos and atheotēs; to these the English words ungodly and ungodliness correspond rather closely. In exactly the same way as ungodly, atheos was used as an expression of severe censure and moral condemnation; this use is an old one, and the oldest that can be traced. Not till later do we find it employed to denote a certain philosophical creed. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)

[9] Stanley, Thomas (1687). The history of philosophy 1655–61. quoted in Oxford English Dictionary. An Atheist is taken two ways, for him who is an enemy to the Gods, and for him who believeth there are no Gods. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

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