社會しゃかい契約けいやく

社會しゃかい契約けいやく通常つうじょう係がかり一いち個こ關せき於一いち個こ國くに所管しょかん治ち人民じんみん嘅合法ほう性せい嘅概念がいねん同どう理論りろん^[1]。呢個概念がいねん主要しゅよう喺哲學てつがく，特別とくべつ係がかり關せき於倫理りんり同どう埋うめ政治せいじ嘅層面めん出現しゅつげん。個こ契約けいやく就係：政府せいふ會かい保護ほご人民じんみん嘅權利けんり同どう維持いじ社會しゃかい嘅安定あんてい，而人民じんみん就會犧牲ぎせい部分ぶぶん嘅個人じん自由じゆう^[2]。

呢個概念がいねん可か以追溯さかのぼ到いた啟蒙けいもう時代じだい，由ゆかり Thomas Hobbes（英文えいぶん：Thomas Hobbes）所ところ寫うつし嘅《巨きょ靈れい》(英文えいぶん：“Leviathan”) 出現しゅつげん。書しょ入いれ面めん提ひっさげ到いた人ひと嘅自然しぜん狀態じょうたい，並なみ且理論ろん人じん係がかり理性りせい生物せいぶつ，會かい因いん應おう自己じこ嘅利益えき同どう價あたい值觀嚟做決定けってい。所以ゆえん，人にん只ただ因いん爲ため會得えとく到いた政治せいじ穩定，先さき至いたり會かい同意どうい自じ願ねがい向こう一いち個こ政府せいふ犧牲ぎせい部分ぶぶん權利けんり。因よし爲ため咁，所以ゆえん社會しゃかい契約けいやく亦また係かかり基もと於被治者ひちしゃ同意どうい嘅概念がいねん，代表だいひょう住じゅう一個政府同佢嘅人民係一個雙向關係^[3]。

社會しゃかい契約けいやく呢個詞し語ご嚟自 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 嘅書《社會しゃかい契約けいやく論ろん》(法文ほうぶん：“Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique”)。再さい早はや可か以去到いた古希こき臘嘅哲學がく，入いれ面めん某ぼう啲睇法ほう亦また係かかり類似るいじ社會しゃかい契約けいやく嘅概念がいねん。

社會しゃかい契約けいやく論ろん嘅中旨むね，就係政治せいじ秩序ちつじょ係がかり一いち種しゅ人爲じんい嘅現象げんしょう，而唔係がかり自然しぜん有ゆう嘅。人民じんみん同どう政府せいふ之の間あいだ嘅契約けいやく，只ただ唔過係がかり爲ため咗達到いた雙方そうほう嘅利益えき而出現しゅつげん。Hobbes 相しょう信しんじ，只ただ要事ようじ但ただし一邊冇遵守契約所需要嘅讓步，呢個政府せいふ就失去さ咗管治ち呢個人民じんみん嘅合法ほう權利けんり。

睇埋[編輯へんしゅう]

攷[編輯へんしゅう]

↑ "For the name social contract (ALL IS FAKE) often covers two different kinds of contract, and, in tracing the evolution of the theory, it is well to distinguish The first] generally involved some theory of the origin of the state. The second form of social contract may be more accurately called the contract of government or the contract of submission... Generally, it has nothing to do with the origins of society, but, presupposing a society already formed, it purports to define the terms on which that society is to be governed: the people have made a contract with their ruler which determines their relations with him. They promise him obedience, while he promises his protection and good government. While he keeps his part of the bargain, they must keep theirs, but if he misgoverns the contract is broken and allegiance is at an end." J. W. Gough, The Social Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), pp. 2–3.
↑ Celeste Friend. "Social Contract Theory". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (英文えいぶん). 原はら先さき內容歸かえり檔喺18 November 2019. 喺26 December 2019搵到.
↑ Castiglione, Dario (2015). "Introduction the Logic of Social Cooperation for Mutual Advantage – the Democratic Contract" (PDF). Political Studies Review. 13 (2): 161–175. doi:10.1111/1478-9302.12080. hdl:10871/18609. S2CID 145163352. 原はら先さき內容歸かえり檔 (PDF)喺2017-09-22. 喺2019-02-03搵到.

[1] "For the name social contract (ALL IS FAKE) often covers two different kinds of contract, and, in tracing the evolution of the theory, it is well to distinguish The first] generally involved some theory of the origin of the state. The second form of social contract may be more accurately called the contract of government or the contract of submission... Generally, it has nothing to do with the origins of society, but, presupposing a society already formed, it purports to define the terms on which that society is to be governed: the people have made a contract with their ruler which determines their relations with him. They promise him obedience, while he promises his protection and good government. While he keeps his part of the bargain, they must keep theirs, but if he misgoverns the contract is broken and allegiance is at an end." J. W. Gough, The Social Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), pp. 2–3.

[https://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/-2] Celeste Friend. "Social Contract Theory". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (英文えいぶん). 原はら先さき內容歸かえり檔喺18 November 2019. 喺26 December 2019搵到.

[3] Castiglione, Dario (2015). "Introduction the Logic of Social Cooperation for Mutual Advantage – the Democratic Contract" (PDF). Political Studies Review. 13 (2): 161–175. doi:10.1111/1478-9302.12080. hdl:10871/18609. S2CID 145163352. 原はら先さき內容歸かえり檔 (PDF)喺2017-09-22. 喺2019-02-03搵到.

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