To be, or not to be

To be, or not to be係かかり沙すな士し比ひ亞あ齣こま戲おどけ哈姆雷かみなり特とく第だい三さん幕まく第だい一場いちじょう，哈姆雷かみなり特とく王子おうじ一いち段だん獨白どくはく嘅第一いち句く；好こう多た人じん會かい用よう呢句來らい指ゆび成なり段だん獨白どくはく。佢係世界せかい文學ぶんがく中ちゅう好こう常つね被ひ引用いんよう嘅一いち句く。

原文げんぶん

To be or not to be, that is the question;
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing, end them. To die, to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to — 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there's the rub,
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause. There's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life,
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
Th'oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,
The insolence of office, and the spurns
That patient merit of th'unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscovered country from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.

翻譯ほんやく

繼續けいぞく生存せいぞん，定じょう係がかり就咁死し咗佢？呢個係がかり一いち個こ問題もんだい； 究竟くっきょう邊べ樣さま心こころ高尚こうしょう啲？忍受にんじゅ命運めいうん呢啲橫よこ蠻無理むり嘅石頭あたま同どう毒どく箭や？定じょう係がかり執と起おこり武器ぶき反抗はんこう，抵擋呢啲災難さいなん？定じょう係がかり本ほん迤，死し咗佢就算數すう？死し咗就乜都唔使擔心，唔使忍受にんじゅ呢啲心痛しんつう嘅感覺かんかく，仲なか有ゆう呢啲肉體にくたい一定要承受嘅嘅痛苦。依よ家いえ都と唔使理り。

死し就好似に瞓覺咁，訓くん訓くん下か可能かのう會かい發はつ夢ゆめ，呢個係がかり令れい一いち個こ問題もんだい，究竟くっきょう我わが可か唔可以控制せい到いた個こ夢ゆめ會かい發生はっせい咩事？會かい唔會同どう現實げんじつ世界せかい差さ唔多？會かい唔會都と係がかり有ゆう嗰啲災難さいなん？

我わが哋眼白白しらじら睇住自己じこ身み處しょ係がかり呢啲災難さいなん入いれ面めん，但ただし係かかり一直都愛莫能助，試問しもん邊べ個こ忍しのべ得え到いた呢種恥辱ちじょく？獨裁どくさい者しゃ嘅逼迫ひっぱく，沙すな塵ちり友とも嘅寸嘴くちばし，愛情あいじょう畀人輕視けいし嘅劇痛つう，法ほう紀き嘅延遲おそ，揸拂人じん嘅傲慢ごうまん，有ゆう耐たい性せい嘅能者しゃ畀無料りょう到いた嘅人踩，同どう嗰啲唔值得とく自己じこ煩はん嘅人打だ泥どろ漿摔角かく，當とう佢可以用支ささえ釘くぎ幫自己じこ造づくり平靜へいせい？邊あたり個こ會かい頂いただき住じゅう支ささえ擔，又また哦又汗あせ好こう攰過一いち世せい？唔係怕咗死後しご一いち啲嘢，呢個未知みち嘅國度ど，由ゆかり佢啲河かわ，冇一いち個こ行者ぎょうじゃ返かえし到來とうらい，迷惑めいわく住じゅう意志いし，令れい我わが哋寧願ねがい呑咗我わが哋而家か忍にん住じゅう嗰啲衰おとろえ嘢都唔飛去さ第だい啲我哋唔知ち嘅？

正因まさより為ため咁，良心りょうしん搞到我わが哋變晒さらし做懦夫だふ，而決心こころ嘅本色しょく畀思想しそう嘅淡謬謬嘅陰影いんえい影かげ衰おとろえ曬，而關鍵かぎ緊急きんきゅう嘅承擔，就咁佢哋啲潮流りゅう乾いぬい曬，失しつ咗行動こうどう個こ名めい。

哈姆雷かみなり特とく講こう呢句嘢時無む揸住Yorick嘅頭骨こつ，而且一反獨白嘅慣例，臺だい上じょう唔係得とく佢一いち個こ：Ophelia 都と喺度，但ただし喺哈姆雷特とく睇唔到いた到いた佢（睇場戲おどけ嘅製作さく）而 Polonius 同どう Claudius 都と匿喺張ちょう氈（arras）後ご面めん。

解かい譯やく

德とく國こく哲學てつがく家か叔本華はな話はなし：

「

呢段世界せかい出で名めい嘅獨白どくはく嘅本質ほんしつ係がかり，濃縮のうしゅく咁話，我わが哋嘅狀態じょうたい真しん係がかり衰おとろえ到いた完全かんぜん無む咗肯定重さだしげ好こう過か。咁如果はて自殺じさつ真しん係がかり畀到我わが哋呢樣さま嘢，而 "to be or not to be" 完全かんぜん任にん我わが哋揀，咁唔使し問とい一定係揀好過得多嘅終結（"a consummation devoutly to be wish'd" [Act III, Sc. I.]）。我わが哋入面めん有ゆう啲嘢，之これ但ただし係かかり，話わ我わが哋知唔係咁嘅，死し唔係所有しょゆう嘢嘅終結しゅうけつ，死し唔係絕對ぜったい湮滅いんめつ。

」

咁樣，"whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" 即そく係がかり揀去「做」（ to be）， 而 "to take arms against a sea of troubles/and by opposing end them" 至いたり係がかり揀「唔做」（not to be）。呢度有ゆう個こ可能かのう矛ほこ矛ほこ地ち盾たて嘅觀念かんねん：納おさめ起おこり架か生せい反抗はんこう等とう同どう於「唔做」；呢個問題もんだい通常つうじょう會かい解かい做：納おさめ起おこり架か生せい返かえし抗こう難なん敵てき嘅海量りょう嘅麻煩はん（an irresistible sea of troubles）即そく係がかり自殺じさつ－如果反抗はんこう而唔忍にん住じゅう（resisted rather than borne），我わが哋啲麻あさ煩はん會かい滅めつ咗我哋。 另一種睇法就係，面めん對たい呢啲 ungovernable tide，惟おもんみ一いち反抗はんこう就係「積極せっきょく自殺じさつ」（"constructive act of suicide"）。 兩りょう種たね睇法, 都と認みとめ為ため, 納おさめ起おこり架か生せい會かい引致いんち身み亡ほろび.

儘管"令れい變へん晒さらし我が地ち做懦夫だふ"嘅"良心りょうしん(conscience)" 經常けいじょう被ひ linked to the excerpt that follows and interpreted as an odd use of the word to mean "consciousness of the possibly bad unknown that awaits", it can be also understood as the sense of right and wrong. Indeed, E. Prosser said that "This soliloquy is a meditation on the central theme of the duties and temptations of a noble mind in an evil world". By that interpretation, it's the moral injunction against suicide that would be ultimately decisive, rather than the "dread of something after death", which only symbolizes the usual fires of Hell.

但ただし係かかり，之これ後ご五ご行ぎょう (starting with "and thus the native hue of resolution...") do not refer any longer to moral judgements, but are saying that in a similar way anything (not just suicide) can become problematical from too much thinking about it.

This (along with Hamlet's indecisiveness and uncertainty of knowledge being major themes throughout the play) inspired many commentators to read the choice between the life of action ("to be") and life of silent acceptance ("not to be") as a primary focus of Hamlet's dilemma. According to that interpretation, "whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer/the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" would get associated with not to be alternative, while "to take arms against a sea of troubles/and by opposing end them" with the to be.

In this take, the Prince's further pondering the nature of death can be seen in yet a different light (in addition to the aforementioned two proposals, ie. the inevitable failure to win the fight against the "sea of troubles" or the only way to actually defeat it). Namely, death could be considered as a third option - the route which allows to avoid choosing between to be and not to be altogether.

Regardless of whether the focus is placed on "life vs. death" or "action vs. no action", the themes tackled by the soliloquy (and by Shakespeare's play in general) led to the character of Danish Prince often getting compared to existentialists after the term was introduced in the twentieth century.

影響えいきょう

It is often thought that Shakespeare was influenced by his contemporary, albeit late, fellow playwright Christopher Marlowe when he wrote this soliloquy; even partly paraphrasing a line from Marlowe's final play, Edward II:

「

Base Fortune, now I see, that in thy wheel There is a point, to which when men aspire, They tumble headlong down. That point I touched, And, seeing there was no place to mount up higher, Why should I grieve at my declining fall? Farewell, fair Queen, weep not for Mortimer, That scorns the world and, as a traveller, Goes to discover countries yet unknown.

」

後來こうらい fiction 同どう埋うめ音樂おんがく作品さくひん嘅引用いんよう

睇埋：References to Hamlet

叫さけべ「To Be or Not to Be」嘅電影かげ有ゆう幾いく齣こま。Other films taking their titles from this speech include Outrageous Fortune, What Dreams May Come and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country which has a number of references to the works of Shakespeare. As Hamlet has been translated into "original" Klingon, the Klingon translation of the term is taH pagh taHbe'. Additionally, the original title for the classic sci-fi/horror film Invasion of the Body Snatchers was "Sleep No More." A Boston-based band, Stray Bullets, had a CD titled The Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune.

In the 減げん料りょう莎士比ひ亞あ劇團げきだん's production The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (abridged), the speech is omitted from the Hamlet portion of the production, not for time constraints, or because the speech is so well known, but because the group states that they dislike the speech for momentum and motivation reasons. The What a piece of work is a man speech is delivered in its stead.

• On The Transformed Man, released in 1968, William Shatner recites the soliloquy in its entirety on track 3 "Hamlet/It Was A Very Good Year."
• In Billy Madison, Billy Madison mockingly recites part of the "To Be or Not To Be" speech in the drama competition with Eric, and the audience applauds him.
• In the Hamlet musical from the Gilligan's Island episode, "The Producer", Gilligan, as Hamlet, sings a variation of the "To Be or Not To Be" soliloquy to the tune of Habanera from Bizet's Carmen.
• The 1969 film The Magic Christian includes a scene where Guy Grand (Peter Sellers) has bribed a famous actor to perform "To be or not to be ..." as a strip-tease.
• René (Robert Lepage) quotes part of the "To Be or Not to Be" soliloquy during his portion of The Passion Play in the 1989 film Jésus de Montréal. The film also refers to Hamlet in its trailer.
• In Asterix and the Great Crossing Hamlet is referenced in two quotes by Danish Vikings. One says: "There is something rotten in my kingdom", while holding a skull in his hand. Another one wonders whether he is a discoverer or not and thus says: "To be or not to be; that's the question."
• A King in New York (1957), directed by Charlie Chaplin, includes a scene in which Chaplin recites the "to be or not to be" speech, and is arguably on a par with other famous renditions.
• In the Pebbles song Girlfriend, the line"to be or not to be, that is the question," is the opening line of the chorus.
• In Eternal Darkness, one of the horrors includes the character's head falling off. When it is picked up, it recites "to be or not to be ...."
• In Marathon 2: Durandal, "Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune" is the name of the game's 2nd stage.[1]
• In an episode of the American TV series ER titled "Secrets and Lies," Dr. Kovac mentions that he played Hamlet while attending college in Croatia. When he was asked if he performed it in English or Croatian, he replied, "Croatian. Why would I perform it in English?" Dr. Carter then says he played Horatio and starts reciting the "To Be or Not To Be" soliloquy. When he starts to get the lines wrong, Kovac corrects him, first in English and then continues reciting the lines in Croatian.
• The "To Be Or Not To Be" soliloquy is used in the RTS game Age of Empires III, created by Ensemble Studios.
• In a Sunday strip of Bill Watterson's Calvin and Hobbes, Calvin is having a disgusting looking (at least to him) dinner, that suddenly springs to life before his very eyes and recites the "To Be or Not To Be" soliloquy. Then it turns lifeless for a second, and then springs back to life again singing "Feelings".
• Gogo Dodo recited the "To Be or Not To Be" soliloquy in a humorous manner as his audition for Tiny Toon Adventures in its pilot, The Looney Beginning: "Two bees or not 2-B (Apt. 2-B)...
• The band This Mortal Coil got its name from the end of the "To be or not to be" speech.
• Beyoncé Knowles uses "To be, or Not to Be," as the first line in her song Freakum Dress on her 2006 album 'B'day'
• In Last Action Hero (1993) Arnold Schwarzenegger as Hamlet quotes "To be or not to be....not to be" before setting off a series of explosions.
• In What Dreams May Come, released in 1998. The title and some of the plot refers to the line "For in that sleep of death what dreams may come."
• In The Fairly Oddparents (2004), The fictional actor Arnold Schwarzeneggerman states, "To be, or not to be... annihilated!" during a parodied version of Shakespeare's 'Hamlet'. Schwarzeneggerman also says, "I'll be back... with weapons," referring to the real actor in Terminator.
• Toward the end of the Bugs Bunny cartoon, A Witch's Tangled Hare, Sam Crubish tells Witch Hazel he would have liked to meet her but had the wrong apartment number: Apartment 2-B. They have a bit of banter over who made the mistake of saying Apartment 2-B, to which Bugs comments, in a pun on the first line of the soliloquy: "2-B orrrrr not 2-B; that is the question."
• In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World(1932), the protagonist, John is faced with the decision of suicide, in what he sees as a meaningless, cold futuristic society.
• "In one of the Bard's best-thought-of tragedies, our insistent hero, Hamlet, queries on two fronts about how life turns rotten" is a relevant anagram of the first three lines, discovered in 1996 by Cory Calhoun.
• In Chain, Season 8's Episode is called 'To be, or not to be' in which Taurus commits suicide, not knowing that his power reserve is still in hand.
• Patrick Stewart performed a spoof of the soliloquy called "A B...or not a B?" on Sesame Street.
• Kurt Vonnegut wrote a short story titled 2BR02B, the title of which is a play on the famous phrase.
• In the 6th stanza of Wislawa Szymborska's poem, "Children of Our Age," an allusion is made to the first line of the soliloquy.
• In the Doctor Who episode City of Death, the Doctor comes across an original manuscript of Hamlet and recognizes the handwriting as his own—as Shakespeare had sprained his own wrist writing sonnets. The Doctor decries "to take arms against a sea of troubles" as a mixed metaphor.
• In The Interpretation of Murder Dr. Stratham Younger is a Psychoanalyst who is like Hamlet. He mentions this dialogue and associates "to be" with "pretending" and "not to be" with "being himself and acting".
• Japanese pop singer Ayumi Hamasaki's 1999 single "TO BE" is believed to be inspired by the soliloquy. The quote is as popular in Japan as it is in the west. In the song she writes that man who discovered her, Max Matsuura, sealed her fate. Making her career the 'BE' in 'To be or not to be'.

Translating the key phrase into Danish, Hamlet's language, it becomes at være, eller ikke at være.

參まいり攷

• Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Philip Edwards, ed., updated edition 2003. (New Cambridge Shakespeare)
• Hamlet. Harold Jenkins, ed., 1982. (The Arden Shakespeare)
• Lewis, C.S., Studies in Words. Cambridge UP, 1960 (reprinted 2002).
• Schopenhauer, Arthur, The World as Will and Representation, Volume I. E.F.J. Payne, tr. Falcon Wing's Press, 1958. Reprinted by Dover, 1969.

連れん出で

• Wordsmith.org, Article from the Sydney Morning Hearld, 1999.