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德とく里さと的てき首位しゅい苏丹[[庫くら特とく布ぬの丁ひのと·艾もぐさ伊い拜はい克かつ]]治下ちか征服せいふく了りょう今日きょう北方きたがた邦くに的てき部分ぶぶん地区ちく，包括ほうかつ[[密みつ拉ひしげ特とく]]、[[阿おもね里さと格かく尔]]、[[埃ほこり塔とう瓦かわら]]等地とうち。[[伊い勒杜迷失]]攻おさむ克かつ曲きょく女おんな城じょう，并且征服せいふく了りょう北方きたがた邦くに的てき大部たいぶ领地。[[吉よし亞あ斯丁·巴ともえ勒班|巴ともえ勒班]]治下ちか遭遇そうぐう多た次つぎ民みん众起事ごと，但ただし都と悉数平ひら息いき下か来らい。{{tsl|en|Alauddin Khilji|阿おもね拉ひしげ乌丁·卡尔吉きち}}征服せいふく了りょう[[瓦かわら拉ひしげ納おさめ西にし]]和かず[[普ひろし拉ひしげ亚格拉ひしげ吉きち]]等とう多た地ち。此外，[[苏非主ぬし义]]亦また在ざい这期间在北方きたがた邦生くにお根ね发芽，诞生如{{tsl|en|Nizamuddin Auliya|尼あま扎穆丁ひのと·奥おく利り亚}}、{{tsl|en|Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki|库特布ぬの丁ひのと·巴ともえ赫蒂亚尔·卡基}}等とう影かげ响深远的苏非圣人。这一时期亦有许多著名的清真寺和陵墓建筑留存至今，如[[江こう布ぬの尔 (北方きたがた邦くに)|江こう布ぬの尔]]的てき{{tsl|en|Atala Masjid|阿おもね塔とう拉ひしげ清真きよざね寺てら}}、[[法ほう泰たい赫普尔西克かつ里さと]]的てき[[贾玛清真きよざね寺てら]]、{{tsl|en|Tughlaqabad|图格鲁卡巴ともえ德いさお}}的てき{{le|图格鲁卡巴ともえ德いさお城じょう堡|Tughlaqabad Fort}}等とう<ref name="Atala">{{cite web | title=Atala Masjid | website=District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | date=20 June 2017 | url=https://jaunpur.nic.in/tourist-place/atala-masjid/ | access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="Tughluq Tomb">{{cite web | last=Datta | first=Rangan | title=The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq | website=Telegraph India | date=22 July 2022 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/exploring-the-tomb-of-ghiyasuddin-tughlaq-near-tughlaqabad-fort-in-south-delhi/cid/1875958 | access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref>。
 
=== 中世ちゅうせい至いたり近世きんせい ===
=== Medieval and early modern period ===
In the 16th century, [[巴ともえ布ぬの尔|Babur]], a [[帖じょう木き儿王朝あさ|Timurid]] descendant of [[帖じょう木き儿|Timur]] and {{tsl|en|Descent from Genghis Khan||Genghis Khan}} from 16世せい纪，来き自じ中ちゅう亚[[费尔干ひ纳盆地ち|Fergana Valley]] (modern-day 的てき[[乌兹别克斯坦|Uzbekistan巴ともえ布ぬの尔]]), swept across the 率りつ军自[[开伯尔山口こう|Khyber Pass]] and founded the 南下なんか，建立こんりゅう[[莫卧儿帝国こく|Mughal Empire]], covering ，征服せいふく了りょう今日きょう的てき[[阿おもね富とみ汗あせ]]、[[印度いんど|India]], along with modern-day 大部おおぶ、[[阿おもね富とみ汗あせ|Afghanistan巴ともえ基はじめ斯坦]], Pakistan and 和わ[[孟はじめ加か拉ひしげ国こく|Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire) |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian [[突厥語族ごぞく群ぐん|Turks]] (with significant [[蒙こうむ古こ族ぞく|Mongol]] admixture). In the [[莫卧儿，今日きょう的てき北方ほっぽう邦一くにかず带充当とう了りょう帝国ていこく|Mughal]] era, Uttar Pradesh became the heartland of the empire.的てき腹はら地ち<ref name="Bowman2000">{{Cite book |last=John Stewart Bowman |url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john |title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0231110044 |page=[https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john/page/273 273] |access-date=2 August 2012 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mughal emperors Babur and Humayun ruled from Delhi.<ref name="Schimmel2004">{{Cite book |last=Annemarie Schimmel |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne |title=The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture |date=2004 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1861891853 |access-date=1 October 2012 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="HindustanHiro2006">{{Cite book |last1=Babur (Emperor of Hindustan) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC |title=Babur Nama: Journal of Emperor Babur |last2=Dilip Hiro |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0144001491 |access-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528160214/http://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>。巴ともえ布ぬの尔和[[胡えびす马雍]]两位皇帝こうてい定てい都と在ざい德とく里さと<ref Inname="Schimmel2004">{{Cite 1540book an|last=Annemarie Afghan,Schimmel [[舍しゃ尔沙|Sherurl=https://archive.org/details/empireofgreatmug00anne Shah|title=The Suri]]Empire of the Great Mughals: History, tookArt overand theCulture reins|date=2004 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1861891853 |access-date=1 October 2012 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="HindustanHiro2006">{{Cite book |last1=Babur (Emperor of UttarHindustan) Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC after|title=Babur defeatingNama: theJournal Mughalof KingEmperor HumanyunBabur |last2=Dilip Hiro |date=2006 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0144001491 |access-date=1 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528160214/http://books.google.com/books?id=VW2HJL689wgC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>，1540年ねん，[[舍しゃ尔沙]]起おこり兵へい击败胡えびす马雍<ref name="Ramirez-Faria2007">{{Cite book |last=Carlos Ramirez-Faria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA171 |title=Concise Encyclopeida of World History |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |year=2007 |isbn=978-8126907755 |page=171 |access-date=2 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155918/http://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&pg=PA171 |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sher Shah and his son Islam Shah ruled Uttar Pradesh from their capital at ，建立こんりゅう[[瓜ふり廖苏尔|Gwalior王朝おうちょう]].，统治北方きたがた邦くに地区ちく<ref name="Hindustan">{{Cite book |last=Stronge |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVrSYgEACAAJ&q=hindustan+by+mughal |title=Mughal Hindustan is renowned for its opulence |publisher=The Arts of the Sikh Kingdoms |year=2012 |isbn=9788174366962 |location=London |page=255 |access-date=23 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216115741/https://books.google.com/books?id=PVrSYgEACAAJ&dq=hindustan+by+mughal |archive-date=16 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> After the death of {{tsl|en|Islam Shah Suri||Islam Shah Suri}}, his prime minister {{tsl|en|Hemu||Hemu}} became the ''de facto'' ruler of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and the western parts of Bengal. He was bestowed the title of ''{{tsl|en|Hemu||Hemchandra Vikramaditya}}'' (title of {{tsl|en|Vikramāditya||Vikramāditya}} adopted from [[吠陀べーだ文化ぶんか|Vedic period]]) at his formal coronation took place at {{tsl|en|Purana Qila||Purana Qila}} in Delhi on 7 October 1556. A month later, Hemu died in the 。[[第だい二次帕尼帕特战役|Second Battle of Panipat]], and Uttar Pradesh came under Emperor 后きさき，莫卧儿皇帝こうてい[[阿おもね克かつ巴ともえ|Akbar]]'s rule.收おさむ复北方きたがた邦くに地区ちく<ref name="Agrawal1983">{{Cite book |last=Ashvini Agrawal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&pg=PA30 |title=Studies in Mughal History |date=1983 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-8120823266 |pages=30–46 |access-date=27 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528153902/http://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&pg=PA30 |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akbar ruled from ，定てい都と在ざい[[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ|Agra]] and 和わ[[法ほう泰たい赫普尔西克かつ里さと|Fatehpur Sikri]].<ref>Fergus Nicoll, ''Shah Jahan: The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Emperor'' (2009)</ref>。
 
In the 18th century, after the fall of Mughal authority, the power vacuum was filled by the 18世せい纪起，莫卧儿帝国步こくほ入いれ衰おとろえ落，[[馬うま马拉ひしげ塔とう帝みかど國くに|Maratha Empire国くに]], in the mid-18th century, the Maratha army invaded the Uttar Pradesh region, which resulted in 崛起并入侵おかせ北方きたがた邦くに地区ちく，原本げんぽん在ざい该地掌てのひら权的{{tsl|en|Rohilla||Rohilla罗希拉ひしげ人じん}}s losing control of {{tsl|en|Rohilkhand||Rohilkhand}} to the Maratha forces led by {{tsl|en|Raghunath Rao||Raghunath Rao}} and {{tsl|en|Malhar Rao Holkar||Malha Rao Holkar}}. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18 December 1788 with the arrest of {{tsl|en|Ghulam Kadir||Ghulam Qadir}}, the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general {{tsl|en|Mahadji Scindia||Mahadaji Scindia}}. In 1803–04, following the 遭马拉ひしげ地ち人じん驱逐。1803年ねん至いたり1804年ねん，[[英国えいこく东印度いんど公司こうし]]和かず马拉地ち人じん爆ばく发{{tsl|en|Second Anglo-Maratha War||Second Anglo第だい二に次じ英国えいこく-Maratha War马拉地ち战争}}, when the [[，由ゆかり英国えいこく东印度いんど公司こうし|British East India Company]] defeated the Maratha Empire, much of the region came under British suzerainty.人ひと取と胜告终，进而统治北方きたがた邦くに的てき大だい部分ぶぶん地区ちく<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |title=Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0231127318}}</ref>。
 
==== British India era英治えいじ时期 ====
{{Infobox
| above = Timeline of reorganisation and name changes of UP英治えいじ时期以降いこう北方きたがた邦くに政治せいじ实体变迁<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2017 |title=Uttar Pradesh Day: How the state was born 67 years back |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-day-how-the-state-was-born-67-years-back/story-Y2JhCTBIo2UuQYvQSTBNgN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503114407/http://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-day-how-the-state-was-born-67-years-back/story-Y2JhCTBIo2UuQYvQSTBNgN.html |archive-date=3 May 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
| bodystyle = width:30em;
| label2 = 1807年とし
| data2 = {{tsl|en|Ceded and Conquered Provinces||Ceded and Conquered Provinces}}
| label3data2 = 14{{tsl|en|Ceded and NovemberConquered 1834Provinces|割わり让与征服せいふく省しょう份}}
| data3 label3 = {{tsl|en|Presidency of Agra||Presidency of Agra}}1834年ねん11月14日にち
| label4data3 = 1{{tsl|en|Presidency Januaryof 1836Agra|阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ管かん辖区}}
| label7label4 = 15 February 18771836年ねん1月がつ1日にち▼
| data4 = {{tsl|en|North-Western Provinces||North-Western Provinces}}
| label5data4 = 3{{tsl|en|North-Western AprilProvinces|西北せいほく省しょう 1858(印度いんど)|西北せいほく省しょう}}
| label6label5 = 1 April 18711858年ねん4月がつ3日にち▼
| data5 = [[奥おく德いさお土ど邦くに|Oudh]] taken under British control, [[德とく里さと|Delhi]] taken away from {{tsl|en|North-Western Provinces||NWP}} and merged into {{tsl|en|Punjab (British India)||Punjab}}
| data5 = 取と缔[[奥おく德いさお土ど邦くに]]，[[德とく里さと]]归{{tsl|en|Punjab (British India)|旁つくり遮さえぎ普ひろし (英えい属ぞく印度いんど)|旁つくり遮さえぎ普ひろし}}
▲| label6 = 1 April 1871
| label6 = 1871年ねん4月がつ1日にち
| data6 = [[阿おもね杰梅尔|Ajmer]], 、{{tsl|en|Mewar||Merwara梅うめ瓦かわら尔}} & 、[[凯克里さと|Kekri]] made separate commissioner-ship升ます为专员辖区く
▲| label7 = 15 February 1877
| label7 = 1877年ねん2月がつ15日にち
| data7 = Oudh added to {{tsl|en|North-Western Provinces||North-Western Provinces}}
| label8data7 = 22 March 1902[[奥おく德いさお土ど邦くに]]并入
| label8 = 1902年ねん3月がつ22日にち
| data8 = Renamed [[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]]▼
| label9data8 = 3 January 1921改あらため为[[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう]]
| label9 = 1921年ねん1月がつ3日にち
| data9 = Renamed [[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう|United Provinces of British India]]
▲| data8data9 = Renamed 改あらため为[[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh英えい属ぞく印度いんど联合省しょう]]
| label10 = 1 April 1937年とし4月がつ1日にち
| data10 = Renamed 改あらため为{{tsl|en|United Provinces (1937–1950)||United联合省しょう Provinces(1937–1950)|联合省しょう}}
| label11 = 1 April 1946
| data11 label11 = Self rule granted1946年ねん4月がつ1日にち
| label12data11 = 15 August 1947授予自治じち权
| data12 label12 = Part of independent India1947年ねん8月がつ15日にち
| label13data12 = 24 January 1950归独立后りっこう的てき印度いんど
| data13 label13 = Renamed Uttar Pradesh1950年ねん1月がつ24日にち
| label14data13 = 9 November 2000改あらため为北方きたがた邦くに
| label14 = 2000年ねん11月9日にち
| data14 = Uttaranchal state, now known as [[北きた阿おもね坎德邦くに|Uttarakhand]], created from part of Uttar Pradesh
| data14 = 分ぶん置おけ[[北きた阿おもね坎德邦くに]]
}}
自じ18世せい纪下半はん叶かのう起おこり，英国えいこく东印度いんど公司こうし经连年ねん征せい战，逐渐控ひかえ制せい今日きょう的てき北方ほっぽう邦くに诸地<ref name="Kudaisya2006">{{Cite book |last=Gyanesh Kudaisya |title=Region, nation, "heartland": Uttar Pradesh in India's body-politic |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=1994 |isbn=978-3825820978 |pages=126–376}}</ref>，连同[[阿おもね杰梅尔]]和かず[[齋とき浦うら爾なんじ]]的てき部分ぶぶん领地一いち起おこり，成立せいりつ{{tsl|en|North-Western Provinces|西北せいほく省しょう (印度いんど)|西北せいほく省しょう}}管かん辖，其面积在当とう时的英えい属ぞく印度いんど领地下か并不算さん大だい<ref name="Sivaramakrishnan1999">{{Cite book |last=K. Sivaramakrishnan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240 |title=Modern Forests: Statemaking and Environmental Change in Colonial Eastern India |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0804745567 |pages=240–276 |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528135332/http://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240 |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>。其首府しゅふ曾在阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ安やす拉ひしげ阿おもね巴ともえ德之のりゆき间两度ど迁移<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ashutosh Joshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=Naini&pg=PA151 |title=Town Planning Regeneration of Cities |publisher=New India Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-8189422820 |page=237 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303134041/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151&dq=Naini&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CN7OUsznI8yTrgeDwYDgCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20capital&f=false |archive-date=3 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>。
 
Starting from 1857年ねん，印度いんど土ど兵へい哗变，引起[[孟はじめ加か拉ひしげ地區ちく|Bengal印度いんど民族みんぞく起おこり义]] in the second half of the 18th century, a series of battles for north Indian lands finally gave the ，始はじめ于北方きたがた邦くに境内けいだい的てき[[英国えいこく东印度いんど公司こうし|British East India Company密みつ拉ひしげ特とく]] accession over the state's territories.<ref name="Kudaisya2006Mukherjee2005">{{Cite book |last=GyaneshRudrangshu KudaisyaMukherjee |titleurl=Region,https://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJ nation,|title=Mangal "heartland"Pandey: Uttarbrave Pradeshmartyr inor India'saccidental body-politichero? |publisher=LITPenguin Verlag MünsterBooks |year=19942005 |isbn=978-38258209780143032564 |pagesaccess-date=126–3761 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605164801/http://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=5 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> 。起おこり义最终失败，于是英国えいこく人じん重じゅう划省份，以分治ち起おこり义故地ち，[[阿おもね杰梅尔|Ajmer奥おく德いさお土ど邦くに]] and 划入西北せいほく省しょう，改あらため为[[齋とき浦うら爾なんじ|Jaipur阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう]]（通称つうしょう联合省しょう<ref kingdoms were also included in this northern territory, which was named the name="Chakrabarti1997">{{tsl|en|North-WesternCite book Provinces||North-Westernlast=Dilip Provinces}}"K. (ofChakrabarti Agra)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuAAAAMAAJ Although|title=Colonial UPIndology: latersociopolitics becameof the fifth-largestancient stateIndian ofpast India,|publisher=Munshiram NWPAManoharlal wasPublishers onePvt. ofLtd. the|year=1997 smallest|isbn=978-8121507509 states|location=Michigan of|page=257 the|access-date=26 BritishJuly Indian2012 empire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140749/http://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sivaramakrishnan1999Cohn1996">{{Cite book |last=KBernard S. SivaramakrishnanCohn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240uIalYaenrTkC |title=ModernColonialism Forests:and StatemakingIts andForms Environmentalof ChangeKnowledge: inThe ColonialBritish Easternin India |publisher=StanfordPrinceton University Press |year=19991996 |isbn=978-08047455670691000435 |pagespage=240–276189 |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2013052813533220130528150524/http://books.google.com/books?id=TM7oYBG4M04C&pg=PA240uIalYaenrTkC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its capital shifted twice between Agra and Allahabad.），德とく里さと划出至いたり旁つくり遮さえぎ普ひろし省しょう，阿おもね杰梅尔-{{tsl|en|Marwar|马瓦尔}}地区ちく并入{{tsl|en|Rajputana|拉ひしげ杰普塔とう纳}}<ref name="(India)Drake-Brockman1934">{{Cite book |lastlast1=AshutoshUnited JoshiProvinces of Agra and Oudh (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&q=Naini&pg=PA151VUNuAAAAMAAJ |title=TownDistrict PlanningGazetteers Regenerationof the United Provinces of CitiesAgra and Oudh: supp.D.Pilibhit District |last2=D.L. Drake-Brockman |publisher=NewSupdt., IndiaGovernment PublishingPress, United Provinces |year=20081934 |isbn=978access-8189422820 |pagedate=2371 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2018030313404120130528131217/httpshttp://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151&dq=Naini&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CN7OUsznI8yTrgeDwYDgCw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20capital&f=falseVUNuAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=328 MarchMay 20182013 |url-status=live}}</ref>。
 
Due to dissatisfaction with British rule, a serious rebellion erupted in various parts of North India, which became known as the [[印度いんど民族みんぞく起おこり义|Indian Rebellion of 1857]]; [[孟はじめ加か1920年ねん，省治しょうじ由よし安やす拉ひしげ地區ちく|Bengal]] 阿おもね巴ともえ德いさお迁至[[團だん (軍隊ぐんたい)|regiment勒克瑙]]'s sepoy stationed at [[密みつ拉ひしげ特とく|Meerut]] {{tsl|en|cantonment||cantonment}}, {{tsl|en|Mangal Pandey||Mangal Pandey}}, is widely considered as its starting point.<ref name="Mukherjee2005Wilkinson-Weber1999">{{Cite book |last=RudrangshuClare MukherjeeM. Wilkinson-Weber |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJChwRC6hQttoC&pg=PA18 |title=MangalEmbroidering PandeyLives: braveWomen's martyrWork orand accidentalSkill hero?in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry |publisher=PenguinSUNY BooksPress |year=20051999 |isbn=978-01430325640791440872 |page=18 |access-date=124 OctoberMay 20122020 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2013060516480120240328164501/httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=-SluAAAAMAAJ |archive-dateChwRC6hQttoC&pg=5 June 2013PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>，但ただし高等法院こうとうほういん仍留在ざい安やす拉ひしげ阿おもね巴ともえ德いさお<ref After the revolt failed, the British divided the most rebellious regions by reorganising their administrative boundaries, splitting the Delhi region from 'NWFP of Agra' and merging it withname="Lucknow Bench">{{tsl|en|PunjabCite Provinceweb (British India)||Punjablast=Mathur Province}}, while the [[阿おもね杰梅尔|Ajmer]]–{{tsl|en|Marwar||Marwar}}first=Prakash regionNarain was merged with {{tsl|en|Rajputana||Rajputana}}title=A andHistory [[奥おく德いさお土ど邦くに|Oudh]]of wasthe incorporatedLucknow intoBench the state.Of The newAllahabad stateHigh wasCourt called|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf the|access-date=24 NorthMay Western2020 Provinces|publisher=Allahabad ofHigh AgraCourt and|archive-date=24 Oudh,February which2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224172749/http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf 1902|url-status=live was renamed as the [[}}</ref>。安やす拉ひしげ阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく巴ともえ德とく省しょう|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]].如今仍是北方きたがた邦くに的てき行政ぎょうせい重じゅう镇，设有多た个部门总部ぶ<ref name="(India)Drake-Brockman1934Nair2004">{{Cite book |last1last=UnitedK. ProvincesBalasankaran of Agra and Oudh (India)Nair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VUNuAAAAMAAJgujNYPcNETMC |title=District GazetteersLaw of theContempt Unitedof ProvincesCourt ofin AgraIndia and|publisher=Atlantic Oudh:Publishers supp.D.Pilibhit& DistrictDist |last2year=D.L. Drake-Brockman2004 |publisherisbn=Supdt., Government Press, United Provinces978-8126903597 |yearpage=1934320 |access-date=126 OctoberJuly 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2013052813121720130528143730/http://books.google.com/books?id=VUNuAAAAMAAJgujNYPcNETMC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>。这一时期的北方邦地区仍是印度政治的中心，并且是ぜ[[印度いんど独立どくりつ运动]]的てき温床おんしょう。这里集しゅう结了{{tsl|en|Aligarh ItMuslim wasUniversity|阿おもね里さと格かく尔穆斯林大学だいがく}}、{{tsl|en|Banaras commonlyHindu referredUniversity|贝那拉ひしげ斯印度いんど教きょう大学だいがく}}、{{tsl|en|Darul toUloom asDeoband|德とく奥おく班はん德とく神学しんがく院いん}}等とう现代高等こうとう院いん校こう，{{tsl|en|Ram thePrasad UnitedBismil|拉ひしげ姆·普ふ拉ひしげ萨德·比ひ斯米尔}}、[[錢ぜに德とく拉ひしげ·謝しゃ卡爾·阿おもね扎德]]等ひとし知名ちめい民族みんぞく主ぬし义人物ぶつ，以及如[[莫逖拉ひしげ尔·尼あま赫鲁]]、[[贾瓦哈拉尔·尼あま赫鲁]]、{{tsl|en|Madan ProvincesMohan orMalaviya|马丹·莫汉·马拉维亚}}、{{tsl|en|Govind itsBallabh acronymPant|戈ほこ温ゆたか德とく·巴ともえ拉ひしげ布ぬの·潘はん特とく}}等とう[[印度いんど国民こくみん大会たいかい党とう|国大こくだい党とう]]领袖，都と活かつ跃在北方きたがた邦くに。1936年ねん4月がつ11日にち，{{tsl|en|All UP.India Kisan Sabha|全ぜん印しるし农民协会}}成立せいりつ于勒克かつ瑙，选举{{tsl|en|Sahajanand Saraswati|萨哈贾南德とく·萨拉斯瓦蒂}}为首任にん主席しゅせき<ref name="Chakrabarti1997">{{Cite book |last=Dilip K. ChakrabartiŚekhara |urlfirst=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuAAAAMAAJBandyopādhyāya |title=ColonialFrom Plassey to IndologyPartition: sociopoliticsA History of theModern ancient Indian pastIndia |publisher=Munshiram{{tsl|en|Orient ManoharlalLongman||Orient Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Longman}} |year=19972004 |isbn=978-81215075098125025962 |locationpage=Michigan407}}</ref>，他た长期领导农民反抗はんこう[[扎明达尔]]地主じぬし特とく权，是ぜ印度いんど农民运动的てき重要じゅうよう领袖<ref>{{Cite book |pagelast=257Bandyopādhyāya |access-datefirst=26Śekhara July|title=From 2012Plassey |archive-url=httpsto Partition://web.archive.org/web/20130528140749/http://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuAAAAMAAJ A History of Modern India |archive-datepublisher=28{{tsl|en|Orient MayLongman||Orient 2013Longman}} |urlyear=2004 |isbn=978-status8125025962 |page=live406}}</ref>。1942年ねん[[退出たいしゅつ印度いんど运动]]期き间，[[巴ともえ利とし亚]]镇曾推翻英国えいこく当局とうきょく，建立こんりゅう独立どくりつ政府せいふ<ref name="Cohn1996Chatterji2006">{{Cite book |last=BernardBankim S.Chandra CohnChatterji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIalYaenrTkC7Gmjn63ogDUC |title=Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in IndiaAnandamath |publisher=PrincetonOrient University PressPaperbacks |year=19962006 |isbn=978-06910004358122201307 |page=189168 |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2013052815052420130528130144/http://books.google.com/books?id=uIalYaenrTkC7Gmjn63ogDUC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>。
 
==== 独どく立后りっこう ====
In 1920, the capital of the province was shifted from Allahabad to [[勒克瑙|Lucknow]].<ref name="Wilkinson-Weber1999">{{Cite book |last=Clare M. Wilkinson-Weber |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwRC6hQttoC&pg=PA18 |title=Embroidering Lives: Women's Work and Skill in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0791440872 |page=18 |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328164501/https://books.google.com/books?id=ChwRC6hQttoC&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The high court continued to be at Allahabad, but a bench was established at Lucknow.<ref name="Lucknow Bench">{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Prakash Narain |title=A History of the Lucknow Bench Of The Allahabad High Court |url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Allahabad High Court |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224172749/http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/AHistoryLucknowBenchPNMathur.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Allahabad continues to be an important administrative base of today's Uttar Pradesh and has several administrative headquarters.<ref name="Nair2004">{{Cite book |last=K. Balasankaran Nair |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gujNYPcNETMC |title=Law of Contempt of Court in India |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |year=2004 |isbn=978-8126903597 |page=320 |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528143730/http://books.google.com/books?id=gujNYPcNETMC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Uttar Pradesh continued to be central to Indian politics and was especially important in modern Indian history as a hotbed of the [[印度いんど独立どくりつ运动|Indian independence movement]]. The state hosted modern educational institutions such as the {{tsl|en|Aligarh Muslim University||Aligarh Muslim University}}, {{tsl|en|Banaras Hindu University||Banaras Hindu University}} and {{tsl|en|Darul Uloom Deoband||Darul Uloom Deoband}}. Nationally known figures such as {{tsl|en|Ram Prasad Bismil||Ram Prasad Bismil}} and [[錢ぜに德とく拉ひしげ·謝しゃ卡爾·阿おもね扎德|Chandra Shekhar Azad]] were among the leaders of the movement in Uttar Pradesh, and [[莫逖拉ひしげ尔·尼あま赫鲁|Motilal Nehru]], [[贾瓦哈拉尔·尼あま赫鲁|Jawaharlal Nehru]], {{tsl|en|Madan Mohan Malaviya||Madan Mohan Malaviya}} and {{tsl|en|Govind Ballabh Pant||Govind Ballabh Pant}} were important national leaders of the [[印度いんど国民こくみん大会たいかい党とう|Indian National Congress]]. The {{tsl|en|All India Kisan Sabha||All India Kisan Sabha}} was formed at the Lucknow session of the Congress on 11 April 1936, with the famous nationalist {{tsl|en|Sahajanand Saraswati||Sahajanand Saraswati}} elected as its first president,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Śekhara |first=Bandyopādhyāya |title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India |publisher={{tsl|en|Orient Longman||Orient Longman}} |year=2004 |isbn=978-8125025962 |page=407}}</ref> to address the longstanding grievances of the peasantry and mobilise them against the [[扎明達たち爾なんじ|zamindari]] landlords attacks on their occupancy rights, thus sparking the Farmers movements in India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bandyopādhyāya |first=Śekhara |title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India |publisher={{tsl|en|Orient Longman||Orient Longman}} |year=2004 |isbn=978-8125025962 |page=406}}</ref> During the [[退出たいしゅつ印度いんど运动|Quit India Movement]] of 1942, [[巴ともえ利とし亚|Ballia]] district overthrew the colonial authority and installed an independent administration under {{tsl|en|Chittu Pandey||Chittu Pandey}}. Ballia became known as "Baghi Ballia" (Rebel Ballia) for this significant role in India's independence movement.<ref name="Chatterji2006">{{Cite book |last=Bankim Chandra Chatterji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Gmjn63ogDUC |title=Anandamath |publisher=Orient Paperbacks |year=2006 |isbn=978-8122201307 |page=168 |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528130144/http://books.google.com/books?id=7Gmjn63ogDUC |archive-date=28 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
After India's independence, the United Provinces were renamed "Uttar Pradesh" ({{Lit|northern province}}), preserving 印度いんど独どく立后りっこう的てき1950年ねん1月がつ24日にち，联合省しょう改あらため为北方きたがた邦くに，仍以UP as the acronym,为缩写うつし<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh – States and Union Territories |url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715014814/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=28 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015 |website=Know India: National Portal of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2007 |title=Uttar Pradesh |url=http://www.whatisindia.com/issues/uttarpra/uttar_general.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012021112/http://www.whatisindia.com/issues/uttarpra/uttar_general.html |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=8 October 2016 |publisher=What is India}}</ref> with the change coming into effect on 24 January 1950.<ref name="UPDay" /> The new state was formed after the merger of several princely states and territories, including the [[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], and the Delhi territory. The state has provided nine of India's prime ministers which is more than any other state and is the source of the largest number of seats in the 。有ゆう九位总理出身于北方邦，为印度いんど诸邦之の首くび。北方きたがた邦くに也是印度いんど[[人民じんみん院いん (印度いんど)|Lok Sabha人民じんみん院いん]]. Despite its political influence since ancient times, its poor record in economic development and administration, poor governance, organised crime and corruption have kept it among India's backward states. The state has been affected by repeated episodes of 议员席せき位い最多さいた的てき邦くに。尽つき管かん长期为印度いんど政治せいじ重じゅう地ち，但ただし该邦长期存在そんざい治ち理り不善ふぜん的てき问题，经济相しょう对落后きさき，犯罪はんざい和わ腐くさ败问题严重じゅう。该邦屡しばしば屡しばしば发生{{tsl|en|Caste-related violence in India|印度いんど种姓暴力ぼうりょく|caste-related种姓暴力ぼうりょく}} and {{tsl|en|communal violence||communal violence}}.和わ社しゃ区く暴力ぼうりょく罪ざい案あん<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2014 |title=Communal violence |work=[[商しょう业旗帜报|Business Standard]] |publisher=[[ABP集しゅう团|Ananda Publishers]] |agency={{tsl|en|Kotak Mahindra Bank||Kotak Mahindra Bank}} |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/uttar-pradesh-tops-home-ministry-list-on-communal-violence-114080601639_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115034/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/uttar-pradesh-tops-home-ministry-list-on-communal-violence-114080601639_1.html |archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> In December 。1992 the disputed 年とし12月がつ，[[阿おもね约提亚]]爆ばく发[[巴ともえ布里ふり清真きよざね寺てら拆除事件じけん|Babri Mosque]] located in [[阿おもね约提亚|Ayodhya]] was demolished by Hindu activists, leading to widespread violence across India.，引发全国ぜんこく广泛的てき暴力ぼうりょく争そう端はし<ref name="communal violence">{{Cite news |last=communal violence |first=in uttar pradesh |title=Communal conflicts in state |work=Tehalka |url=http://www.tehelka.com/what-led-to-the-muzaffarnagar-communal-riots/ |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112232933/http://www.tehelka.com/what-led-to-the-muzaffarnagar-communal-riots/ |archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> In 。2000, northern districts of the state were separated to form the state of 年とし，北方きたがた邦くに部分ぶぶん地区ちく分ぶん置おけ为[[北きた阿おもね坎德邦くに|Uttarakhand]].<ref name="separation">{{Cite book |last1=J. C. Aggarwal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C&pg=PA391 |title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future |last2=S. P. Agrawal |date=1995 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company of India |isbn=978-8170225720 |page=391 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324171535/https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C&pg=PA391 |archive-date=24 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>。▼
 
==== Post-independence ====
▲After India's independence, the United Provinces were renamed "Uttar Pradesh" ({{Lit|northern province}}), preserving UP as the acronym,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh – States and Union Territories |url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715014814/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=28 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015 |website=Know India: National Portal of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2007 |title=Uttar Pradesh |url=http://www.whatisindia.com/issues/uttarpra/uttar_general.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012021112/http://www.whatisindia.com/issues/uttarpra/uttar_general.html |archive-date=12 October 2016 |access-date=8 October 2016 |publisher=What is India}}</ref> with the change coming into effect on 24 January 1950.<ref name="UPDay" /> The new state was formed after the merger of several princely states and territories, including the [[阿おもね格かく拉ひしげ和わ奧おく德とく省しょう|United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], and the Delhi territory. The state has provided nine of India's prime ministers which is more than any other state and is the source of the largest number of seats in the [[人民じんみん院いん (印度いんど)|Lok Sabha]]. Despite its political influence since ancient times, its poor record in economic development and administration, poor governance, organised crime and corruption have kept it among India's backward states. The state has been affected by repeated episodes of {{tsl|en|Caste-related violence in India||caste-related}} and {{tsl|en|communal violence||communal violence}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2014 |title=Communal violence |work=[[商しょう业旗帜报|Business Standard]] |publisher=[[ABP集しゅう团|Ananda Publishers]] |agency={{tsl|en|Kotak Mahindra Bank||Kotak Mahindra Bank}} |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/uttar-pradesh-tops-home-ministry-list-on-communal-violence-114080601639_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115034/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/uttar-pradesh-tops-home-ministry-list-on-communal-violence-114080601639_1.html |archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> In December 1992 the disputed [[巴ともえ布里ふり清真きよざね寺てら拆除事件じけん|Babri Mosque]] located in [[阿おもね约提亚|Ayodhya]] was demolished by Hindu activists, leading to widespread violence across India.<ref name="communal violence">{{Cite news |last=communal violence |first=in uttar pradesh |title=Communal conflicts in state |work=Tehalka |url=http://www.tehelka.com/what-led-to-the-muzaffarnagar-communal-riots/ |url-status=dead |access-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112232933/http://www.tehelka.com/what-led-to-the-muzaffarnagar-communal-riots/ |archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> In 2000, northern districts of the state were separated to form the state of [[北きた阿おもね坎德邦くに|Uttarakhand]].<ref name="separation">{{Cite book |last1=J. C. Aggarwal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C&pg=PA391 |title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future |last2=S. P. Agrawal |date=1995 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company of India |isbn=978-8170225720 |page=391 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324171535/https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C&pg=PA391 |archive-date=24 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Geography ==
检索自じ“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:HMGiovanniV/工作こうさく4”