[[File:Vidhan Sabha (at day).jpg|thumb|alt=refer caption|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), the lower house of the bicameral legislature北方邦立法院]]
北方邦实行[[代议民主|代议民主制]]和[[议会制]]，是印度六个实行[[两院制]]的邦之一，分为和{{tsl|en|Vidhan Sabha|邦立法院 (印度)|立法院}}（下院）和{{tsl|en|Vidhan Parishad|邦立法会 (印度)|立法会}}（上院）<ref name="vidhan parishad">{{cite web|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/UttarPradesh-LC.htm|title=Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad structure|website=Legislative Bodies of India|publisher=[[印度政府|Government of India]]|access-date=19 September 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417175655/http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/UttarPradesh-LC.htm|archive-date=17 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Vidhan Sabha">{{cite web|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/UTTAR%20PRADESH.htm|title=Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha structure|website=Legislative Bodies of India|publisher=[[印度政府|Government of India]]|access-date=19 September 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417175232/http://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/UTTAR%20PRADESH.htm|archive-date=17 April 2016}}</ref>。北方邦立法院有404个议席，任期五年。立法会有100个永久议席，每两年有三分之一的议员退休离任。北方邦是印度国会议员席位最多的邦<ref name="elections">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/02/2012286478579763.html|title=Legislative elections in Uttar Pradesh|last=Four other states seen as a barometer of support for the federal government.|publisher=[[半岛电视台|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=8 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210194222/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/02/2012286478579763.html|archive-date=10 February 2012}}</ref>，下院[[人民院 (印度)|人民院]]占80席，上院[[联邦院 (印度)|联邦院]]占31席<ref name="Grover1989">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRqrO0Hx0Y0C&pg=PA37|title=Legislative Council in State Legislatures|first=Verinder|last=Grover|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-8171001934|pages=37–255|access-date=27 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528132659/http://books.google.com/books?id=fRqrO0Hx0Y0C&pg=PA37|archive-date=28 May 2013|year=1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf|title=Composition of Rajya Sabha|work=Rajya Sabha|publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat|location=New Delhi|pages=24–25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020442/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref>。
北方邦政府为民主选举产生，邦长为宪政首长，由[[印度总统]]任命，任期五年<ref>{{cite web |title= Role of The Governor |url= http://upgovernor.gov.in/upgovernor.gov.in/roleofgov.htm |website= upgovernor.gov.in |publisher= Raj Bhavan Uttar Pradesh |access-date= 17 March 2017 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170407230227/http://www.upgovernor.gov.in/upgovernor.gov.in/roleofgov.htm |archive-date= 7 April 2017}}</ref>。立法院优势党派的党魁由邦长任命为首席部长，邦部长会议由邦长参照首席部长建议任命。邦长是礼仪性的邦元首，而首席部长和内阁负责日常行政工作。部长会议由内阁部长和国务部长组成，并有{{tsl|en|Chief Secretary (India)|邦首席秘书 (印度)|邦首席秘书}}带领的秘书处协助工作。首席秘书亦是政府的行政首长。部长是各个政府部门的首脑，有首席辅秘或{{tsl|en|Principal Secretary (India)|主任秘书 (印度)}}协助<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Constitutional Setup |url=http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000649/http://up.gov.in/upconstitution.aspx |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website={{tsl|en|Government of Uttar Pradesh||Government of Uttar Pradesh}}}}</ref><ref name=":64">{{Cite book |last=Laxmikanth |first=M. |title=Governance in India |publisher=McGraw Hill Education |year=2014 |isbn=978-9339204785 |edition=2nd |location=[[诺伊达|Noida]] |pages=4.3–4.5}}</ref>。
[[File:Allahabad high court.jpg|right|thumb|alt=refer caption|Allahabad High Court]]
北方邦的各个专区的行政长官称{{tsl|en|Divisional Commissioner|专区专员 (印度)}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":42">{{Cite book|title=Indian Administration |last=Maheshwari |first=S.R. |publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. |year=2000 |isbn=978-8125019886 |location=[[新德里|New Delhi]] |pages=563–572 |edition=6th}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite book |title=Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar |last=Singh |first=G.P. |publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1993 |isbn=978-8170993810|location=[[德里|Delhi]] |pages=26–129}}</ref>，各县的行政长官称{{tsl|en|District collector|县长 (印度)}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":022">{{Cite web|url=http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm|title=Contact Details of Commissioners and District Magistrates of U.P.|website={{tsl|en|Department of Home (Uttar Pradesh)||Department of Home and Confidential}}, {{tsl|en|Government of Uttar Pradesh||Government of Uttar Pradesh}}|access-date=15 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061300/http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm|archive-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>，负责为辖区提供公共服务、维持法律秩序。
