News, analysis, and documents on the Catholic Church, by Sandro Magister, Rome
A selection of articles from www.chiesa
29.9.2016
> The Azerbaijan of the Pope’s Visit. An Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove
It is governed by a Muslim dynasty in apparent good relations with the Catholic Church. It has even financed restorations in the catacombs of Rome. But behind the facade there is no freedom, neither civil nor religious
24.6.2016
> “Genocide,” the Word Francis Wanted to Repeat. In Armenia
He said it again, by surprise, at the presidential palace in Yerevan, in the first speech of his journey. Departing from the written text, which was silent on it
24.6.2016
> “Genocide,” the Word Francis Doesn’t Want To Say Anymore
He has removed it from his vocabulary on the verge of the journey to Armenia. And yet in the past he has used it repeatedly, including for the extermination carried out by the Turks a century ago. This is why he has decided to remove it
5.4.2016
> Asia Bibi Sentenced To Death For Faith. But in the Vatican Her Case Is Taboo
Every time Islam is in the middle, Francis is extremely cautious. But on Pakistan his reticence is at its highest. Here is the story of the Christian mother on which he is silent. She has been in prison for seven years, and her fate is interwoven with the Easter massacre in Lahore
22.3.2016
> Washing For All. The Holy Thursday of Francis
The washing of feet now overshadows the Mass of the last supper. The pope has admitted women to the ceremony, as long as they belong to the Church. But he is pushing even farther, and is also washing the feet of Muslims
26.6.2015
> Bergoglio, the Great Diplomat. With the Occasional Strain
With Cuba, Ukraine, China he is realistic in the extreme, even at the cost of afflicting the faithful. But then he challenges Muslim countries on religious freedom. And at the UN he is fighting hard against abortion and “gender” ideology
17.4.2015
> A First for Francis. With the Ottoman Enemy
In two years as pope, he had never been attacked so harshly as he is now by Turkey, for his denunciation of the Armenian genocide. A turning point in the pontificate
2.3.2015
> Saint Milad Saber and His Twenty Companions
Their story is the same as the Acts of the Martyrs of the first centuries. Killed by the sword of Islam out of pure hatred for their Christian faith
20.1.2015
> Christians in Muslim Lands. Blessed Are the Persecuted
“They are left alone and undefended like the Jews," charges an authoritative rabbi. Under the illusion that this will facilitate peace with the Muslims. A survey of the situation described by an Israeli Jesuit expert
21.11.2014
> There's a War of Religion, but the Pope Keeps Quiet or Stammers
In the face of the offensive of radical Islam, Francis’s idea is that “we must soothe the conflict.” And forget Regensburg. With serious harm also to the reformist currents of Islam
22.8.2014
> An Army for Making Peace. The Geopolitics of Francis
Stopping an unjust aggressor. With weapons if necessary. A pope thought to be pacifist appeals for the military protection of populations attacked by the Islamic caliphate
1.8.2014
> The Strange Silences of a Very Talkative Pope
Not a word for the abducted Nigerian schoolgirls, nor for the Pakistani Asia Bibi, sentenced to death on the charge of having offended Islam. And then the audiences denied to former president of the IOR Gotti Tedeschi, driven out for wanting to clean house
20.6.2014
> Francis: Or, the Diplomacy of the Impossible
He replaces negotiation with prayer. He favors supernatural weapons. But he calculates with consummate skill every word he speaks. And also every silence, as in the case of the young Sudanese mother condemned to death simply because she is Christian
23.5.2014
> A Ticket for Three: The Rabbi, the Imam, and the Pope
A Jew and a Muslim in Francis's official entourage in the Holy Land. But it's not all smooth sailing in relations with Judaism and Islam. Bergoglio's strategy: "soothe the conflicts"
30.12.2013
> Islam and Christianity. Where Dialogue Stumbles
In "Evangelii Gaudium," Pope Francis dictates the rules for the relationship with Muslims. The Jesuit Islamologist Samir Khalil Samir examines them one by one. And he criticizes their limitations
10.9.2013
> Eight Stories of New Converts
From atheism, from Judaism, from Islam. Arriving at the Christian faith sometimes from distant and hostile shores. The last of the series: a Turkish Muslim who has become a doctor in Catholic theology
6.9.2013
> Vatican Diary / From Washington the first "no" to Francis
The Catholics in the cabinet of the Obama administration are all in favor of the military intervention in Syria. And also in the American Catholic world as a whole the pope's appeal has met with a tepid reaction
20.8.2013
> In Cairo the Lecture of Regensburg Is Relevant Again
Never has a pope been so clear and courageous in unveiling the roots of violence in Islam, before Benedict XVI. And not afterward, either. Two obligatory rereadings, to decipher the Egyptian crisis
8.7.2013
> In Lampedusa, Europe Is Also Emigrating. To the South
Algeria now has the same birth rate as Norway. Tunisia that of France. Demographics is reversing the scenario of an Islamized Europe. Philip Jenkins explains how and why
1.2.2013
> Christians and Muslims in Lebanon. An Analysis
The effects of the civil war in neighboring Syria. And the reasons why the pope has entrusted to two Lebanese young people the writing of the next Via Crucis at the Colosseum
21.1.2013
> They Were Oases of Peace. But Now They Are the Most Dangerous Places in the World
Mali is one of these lost paradises. Another is the Pakistani city of Quetta. Here is a comparison between what they are and what they were, just a few years ago
20.10.2012
> Vatican Diary / But the difficult thing is converting the Muslims
During the first two weeks of the synod on evangelization, seven bishops have broken the silence on a taboo subject: that of conversions from Islam to Christianity. This is what they have said
9.12.2011
> Brothers of Egypt. But the Copts Are More and More Isolated
The first electoral test has rewarded the Muslim Brotherhood, which is now professing democracy. But the Christians fear the worst, with the army not defending them anymore. Over the past century, they have never felt so deeply in danger. And they are starting to emigrate
18.8.2011
> Sunny in Madrid, Stormy in Damascus
The few Arab Christians present at World Youth Day ask not to be forgotten. In Libya, and even more so in Syria, they are afraid that the fall of the regimes will bring them more harm than good. The caution of Vatican diplomacy
14.4.2011
> A Lesson of Holiness from Remote Pakistan
The martyrdom of Shahbaz Bhatti, minister of religious minorities. "Until the last breath, I will continue to serve Jesus and this poor, suffering humanity." His spiritual testament published by "La Civiltà Cattolica"
24.3.2011
> The Vatican Joins in the Babel of Libya. With Silence
A silence that is passive acceptance of the air raids against Gaddafi. Decided on for "humanitarian" reasons? The bishop of Tripoli doesn't believe it: "This war resolves nothing"
3.3.2011
> Libya Is on the Brink. But Meanwhile, Lebanon Is Already Lost
Hezbollah has won there, with the support of Iran and Syria. Here are the ideology and plans of the "party of God," explained in "Oasis," the magazine of the patriarchate of Venice
23.2.2011
> An Afghanistan in the Mediterranean
Two scenarios of the revolt in the Arab countries. That of Egypt, with an unprecedented alliance between Christians and Muslims. And that of Libya, where the collapse of the regime paves the way for radical Islamism. The analysis of Khaled Fouad Allam
3.2.2011
> "Democratic" Egypt Sends Apostates to Their Death
The Egyptians in revolt are asking for more freedom, but they also want the death penalty for those who convert from Islam to another religion. A major survey on the most populous Muslim country of northern Africa and the Middle East
31.1.2011
> A Glimmer of Light in an Egypt in Revolt
It is an appeal issued by 23 Muslim figures, for an Islam that is more authentic and respectful of the rights of all. On the path of the illuminist revolution proposed by Benedict XVI. The analysis of the Egyptian Jesuit Samir
7.1.2011
> Bloody Christmas Between the Nile and the Indus
Islamist violence is increasingly taking aim at Christians and their defenders. The latest deadly attacks in Baghdad, Alexandria, and Lahore. The "rational" proposal of the pope to Muslims continues to go unheeded
19.10.2010
> Christians in the Middle East. Crushed between Islam and Israel
The drama of the Church in its land of origin analyzed by a synod in Rome. The critical points. The proposals for change. But there are still some who see the Jewish state as the root of all evil
13.8.2010
> Dormition in Turkey. Liturgy on the Black Mountain
It is being celebrated by the patriarch of Constantinople, for the first time after many years, at an historic monastery that has fallen into ruin, with thousands of faithful including many from Greece and Russia. But Christians don't trust the concessions of the Turkish government
21.6.2010
> Christians in the Middle East. Who's coming, who's going
The old communities are becoming few and far between. But from Asia and Africa millions of new faithful are coming, mainly, to the Gulf and Saudi Arabia. Where, however, religious freedom is still a myth
9.6.2010
> In a Church of Martyrs, the Patience of Benedict
In Cyprus, the pope saw up close the drama of the Christians of the East. Ecumenism is flourishing, but where Islam reigns there is no freedom of conscience or religion. The latest victim is Bishop Luigi Padovese, decapitated like Saint John
4.1.2010
> Anna and Her Brothers. The Thousand Faces of the Real Islam
In a book that illuminates like few others, a young Italian-Moroccan tells about herself and her many Muslim relatives. Love, ruin, passion, fanaticism. And Europe as an unfulfilled dream. A multiform, unknown Islam. Waiting to be discovered
30.10.2009
> Cuypers Responds to Nayed: The Qur'an Is Also the Work of Man
And therefore it must also be interpreted with the methods of modern literary criticism. But in the Muslim camp, those who do so take a big risk. The case of Professor Shabestari, driven out of the University of Tehran
23.10.2009
> A Muslim Scholar Teaches Christians How to Read the Sacred Scriptures
He is Aref Ali Nayed, the drafter of the "letter of the 138" to Benedict XVI. He is reacting combatively to what the Catholic Islamologist Michel Cuypers has written for www.chiesa. But his ultimate target is the Church of Rome
7.9.2009
> Islam Has Its Luthers, Too. But Reform Is Far Away
At the heart of the current crisis in the Muslim world are the different conceptions of tradition. And the refusal to interpret the Qur'an with scientific as well as theological methods. The lesson of a great Islamologist, Michel Cuypers
27.8.2009
> Erdogan and the Christians. Few Promises, Zero Action
A surprise visit from the Turkish prime minister to Bartholomew I. But like other conciliatory gestures in the past, this one also risks producing no results. Benedict XVI's reservations on the entry of Turkey into the European Union. The caution of Vatican diplomacy
5.8.2009
> Pakistan. Christians Hit by Islamic "Purity" Pogroms
Nine dead in one village put to fire and sword. It is the latest in a series of attacks against those whose only fault is that of not being Muslim. To the silence and disinterest of the rest of the world
27.7.2009
> Muslims in Democracy School. With Television as Teacher
While at the Vatican they are discussing whether or not democracy is compatible with Islam, the Arab television channels are dominated by reality shows and soap operas. A major survey analyzes their messages. And ambiguities
19.5.2009
> Eurabia Has A Capital: Rotterdam
Here entire neighborhoods look like the Middle East, women walk around veiled, the mayor is a Muslim, sharia law is applied in the courts and the theaters. An extensive report from the most Islamized city in Europe
14.5.2009
> In Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Where the Foundations of the Faith Can Be "Touched"
Benedict XVI urges Christians not to leave the holy land. "There's room for everyone there," he says. For two peoples, and for two states in peace with one another. And for the three religions of Abraham, united in service of the human family
11.5.2009
> Benedict XVI's Second Visit to a Mosque
Dialogue with Islam characterized the Jordanian stage of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land, along the road opened up in Regensburg. Published here for the first tine: the complete text of the discourse addressed to the pope by Muslim prince Ghazi Bin Muhammad Bin Talal
1.4.2009
> The Patriarch of Venice Has a Dream: A "Mestizaje" of Civilizations
And his philosopher friend has written about how to get there. But the road between the religions is strewn with obstacles, especially between Christianity and Islam. Archbishop Teissier tells about what happened in his Algeria, divided between repression and respect for religious freedom
4.1.2009
> In Gaza, the Vatican Raises the White Flag
Hamas denies Israel's right to exist. But for pontifical diplomacy, the Jewish state is wrong to defend itself with force. The custodian of the Holy Land reveals the thinking behind the Church's policy in the Middle East
1.12.2008
> For the First Time, a Muslim Writes for the Pope's Newspaper
The new columnist is Khaled Fouad Allam. In surprising harmony with Benedict XVI. Both are in favor of a Christian-Islamic dialogue that is not a compromise between the faiths, but an encounter of cultures
10.11.2008
> Catholics and Muslims Have Signed a Charter of Rights. But Now Comes the Hard Part
The hard thing is to move from theory to practice. Words, silences, and background of the first meeting of the Forum between the two religions, born from the lecture of Benedict XVI in Regensburg and the letter to the pope from 138 Islamic scholars
27.10.2008
> Eve of Christian-Muslim Forum in Rome. The Perspective of a Jesuit Participant
The aim of the meeting is to speak "a common word." That was the title of the open letter written to the pope by 138 Muslim scholars. But Fr. Christian Troll says that in addition to words, action is needed. Especially in regard to religious freedom
17.7.2008
> In Mecca, a King Is Giving Lessons in Peace
A survey among pilgrims to the Muslim holy sites shows that they return home with sentiments of greater tolerance. Meanwhile, in Madrid, the Saudi king dialogues with Christians and Jews. Cardinal Tauran is there to represent the pope. An important document
11.6.2008
> Dialogue among the Religions. The Vatican Prepares the Guidelines
Enough with the ceremonies. And more conviction in proclaiming the Gospel. New signs of openness come from Saudi Arabia. Algerian philosopher Mohammed Arkoun criticizes the pope, but even more the cultural void in the Muslim world
7.5.2008
> When the Turbans of Persia Pay Homage to the Pastor of Rome
Two days of talks, at the Vatican, between the scholars of Christianity and those of Shiite Islam. As in the medieval disputes. On the topic dearest to Joseph Ratzinger: faith and reason. The strange openness of Iranian president Ahmadinejad
25.4.2008
> Jews, Muslims, Christians. The Latest News from the Dialogue Workshop
In France, a mosque brings in a Jew to collaborate. In Bangladesh, Christians and Muslims meet at a university. The letter of the 138 gets follow-through in Moscow, in Geneva, in Brussels. And meanwhile, Benedict XVI clarifies what he means by interreligious dialogue
18.4.2008
> The Pope's Third Day in the U.S. – With Catholic Educators, Other Religions, Jews
In regard to interreligious dialogue, Benedict XVI says that the main objective is not peace, but "to discover the truth." Which is Jesus, who said that "salvation is from the Jews." In an unannounced addition to the itinerary, a meeting with some of the victims of sexual abuse
31.3.2008
> For the Vatican, King Abdullah Matters More than 138 Muslim Scholars
This is made clear by "L'Osservatore Romano," which is dialoguing with the Saudi sovereign while criticism rages against the pope for baptizing a famous convert from Islam. Pietro De Marco's reply to Aref Ali Nayed
28.3.2008
> The Story of a Convert from Islam – Baptized by the Pope at St. Peter's
His name is Magdi Cristiano Allam. For five years he has lived under guard, threatened with death. But his baptism has raised harsh criticism, against him and against Benedict XVI. The complete text of the accusation written by Aref Ali Nayed, architect of the letter of the 138
19.3.2008
> The Via Crucis of the Archbishop of Mosul of the Chaldeans
Paulos Faraj Rahho is the latest of the Christian victims in Iraq. His martyrdom is part of the background to the dialogue between the Catholic Church and Islam. Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran comments on his recent meetings with Muslim representatives
6.2.2008
> Five Muslims at the Vatican, to Prepare the Audience with the Pope
They are the representatives of the "letter of the 138" written to Benedict XVI last October. Here's who they are, and from where they come. One of them, Yahya Pallavicini, tells in a book about how to live as Muslims in a Christian country, in peace between the two religions
2.1.2008
> The Cardinal Writes, the Prince Responds. The Factors that Divide the Pope from the Muslims
The contrast is not only one of faith. It also concerns the achievements of the Enlightenment: from religious freedom to equality between men and women. The Catholic Church has made these its own, but Islam has not. Will they be able to discuss this, when Benedict XVI and the Muslims of the letter of the 138 meet together?
24.12.2007
> Surprise: The Pope Takes the Curia to Brazil
In his pre-Christmas address to the Roman curia, Benedict XVI reiterated the purposes of his trip to the largest country in Latin America: to bring the Church back to a stance of mission and to proclaim Jesus to all the peoples of the earth. Including the Muslims
4.12.2007
> Cardinal Kasper's Ecumenism: Truth Above All
The complete text of the address delivered at the consistory by the president of the pontifical council for Christian unity. Good progress with the Orthodox, bad with the mainline Protestants, so-so with the "evangelicals" and Pentecostals. And meanwhile, with the Muslims...
26.11.2007
> Why Benedict XVI Is So Cautious with the Letter of the 138 Muslims
Because the kind of dialogue he wants is completely different. The pope is asking Islam to make the same journey that the Catholic Church made under pressure from the Enlightenment. Love of God and neighbor must be realized in the full acceptance of religious freedom
7.11.2007
> India's Emerging Alliance: Christians and Muslims Join Forces
They're united to overthrow caste discrimination – but also to defend themselves against Hindu fanatics. Meanwhile, the pope receives a visit from the king of Saudi Arabia, where, instead...
2.11.2007
> How the Church of Rome Is Responding to the Letter of the 138 Muslims
For now, only the experts are speaking, while the official response is studied. But meanwhile, cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Libyan theologian Aref Ali Nayed are exchanging a series of messages. Here are the complete texts
12.10.2007
> One Year after Regensburg, 138 Muslims Write a New Letter to the Pope
They are proposing as common ground between Muslims and Christians the two "greatest commandments" of love for God and neighbor. These are in both the Qur'an and the Gospels. How will the Church of Rome react?
31.8.2007
> The Christians Are Coming Back to Arabia – Fourteen Centuries after Mohammed
They could soon become the majority of the population in the United Arab Emirates. And in Saudi Arabia, too, their numbers are increasing. Who they are, where they come from, and how they live. A report from Dubai and Abu Dhabi
24.8.2007
> Kurdistan's Twin Towers: The Massacre of the Yazidi
It is the most horrible terrorist attack carried out by al-Qaeda since September 11, 2001, striking a religious minority group accused of heresy by the orthodox Muslims. The religious nature of bin Laden's "holy war," analyzed by professor Vittorio E. Parsi
14.8.2007
> Summer Reading: How the Eight Hundred Men of Otranto Saved Rome
They were martyred five centuries ago in the easternmost region of Italy, the spot most exposed to attack from the Muslims. The objective of the caliph Mohammed II was to conquer Rome, after having already taken Constantinople. But he was stopped by Christians who were ready to defend the faith with their blood
7.8.2007
> Why Al-Qaeda Wants the Head of the Grand Ayatollah Sistani
Because he is the key man for a free and peaceful Iraq. But that's not all. The future of Islam is also linked to the victory or defeat of his vision. The portrait of a great Muslim leader who after Regensburg expressed esteem and friendship for the pope
18.6.2007
> The Muslim Diplomats Go to School – With the Jesuits
For three weeks, at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, representatives of the Islamic states of the Mediterranean and the Middle East studied the Catholic Church and its international politics. And it will be repeated next year
5.6.2007
> The Last Mass of Father Ragheed, a Martyr of the Chaldean Church
They killed him in Mosul, together with three of his subdeacons. In a tormented Iraq, he was a man and a Christian of limpid and courageous faith. Here is a portrait of him, written by someone who knew him well
4.6.2007
> For a Renewed Interpretation of the Qur'an: The Lesson of a Great Islamologist
Michel Cuypers applies to the sacred book of Islam the methods already applied to the Bible. The results are astonishing. For example, the most bellicose verses of the Qur'an do not "abrogate" the more tolerant and peaceable ones, as the proponents of holy war presume
28.5.2007
> A Final Appeal: Save Christian Iraq
It is the only country where the liturgy is still celebrated in Aramaic, the language of Jesus. But Christianity is in danger of dying out there. Killings, aggression, kidnappings. And now also the "jiza," the tax historically imposed by Muslims on their "infidel" subjects, those who have still not fled the country
19.4.2007
> Why the Real War Is Inside Islam
Shiites against Sunnis, and Sunnis in conflict with each other: totalitarians against mystics. The enemies are not only the Christians. The analysis of a great Muslim expert: Khaled Fouad Allam
8.1.2007
> More on Turkey in Europe: The Cardinal Secretary of State Speaks
This time, decidedly in favor. Cardinal Bertone says that it would be a mistake for Europe to keep Turkey out. And it is in Europe’s interest to help the country to become a true democracy, even if only by including it in a “second circle”
27.12.2006
> A Summary Account of Four Voyages – And a Year’s Pontificate
This is the synthesis that Benedict XVI read in person to the Roman curia, in the traditional pre-Christmas address. At the center of it all is the question of God. Everything relates to this – the clash of civilizations, Islam, the Holocaust, the drop in the birth rate, gay marriage, clerical celibacy...
6.12.2006
> After the Visit to Turkey, the Travel Diary of His Holiness
Here is how Benedict XVI recounted to the faithful his four days in Ankara, Ephesus, and Istanbul
4.12.2006
> The Lecture in Regensburg Continues to Weigh on the Islamic Question
But it also continues to divide: both Muslims among themselves, and Catholics. A dossier from the journal “Oasis,” published by the patriarchate of Venice, and a counter-reply by Alessandro Martinetti to the Arab theologian Aref Ali Nayed
1.12.2006
> Peter Visits Andrew – And Prays at the Blue Mosque
For Benedict XVI, reconciliation between the Church of Rome and the Eastern Churches is part and parcel of the Church’s proclamation to non-Christians. The symbol of the Hagia Sophia
28.11.2006
> In Turkey, Benedict XVI Becomes a Defender of Freedom
And he appeals that “the religions utterly refuse to sanction recourse to violence.” As an example of the “particular charity” between Muslims and Christians, he cites an Arab prince of the eleventh century, one esteemed by Pope Gregory VII
8.11.2006
> Jihad Finds a Strange Advocate: “La Civiltà Cattolica”
The authoritative magazine publishes a shocking editorial, in which its stance on Islam looks a lot like a surrender. It’s as if Benedict XVI had never delivered the lecture in Regensburg
30.10.2006
> The Church and Islam: A Sprig of Dialogue Has Sprouted in Regensburg
After the storm, the Muslim world is also producing signs of discussion “according to reason.” An erudite question-and-answer between the Catholic Martinetti and Muslim theologian Aref Ali Nayed. And cardinal Bertone writes...
18.10.2006
> The Regensburg Effect: The Open Letter from 38 Muslims to the Pope
Instead of saying they are offended and demanding apologies, they express their respect for him and dialogue with him on faith and reason. They disagree on many points. But they also criticize those Muslims who want to impose, with violence, “utopian dreams in which the end justifies the means”
11.10.2006
> “A brusqueness that we find unacceptable...”
All the modifications introduced by Benedict XVI into the definitive version of his September 12, 2006 lecture at the University of Regensburg
4.10.2006
> Two Muslim Scholars Comment on the Papal Lecture in Regensburg
They are Khaled Fouad Allam and Aref Ali Nayed. The former is more in agreement with Benedict XVI, the latter very critical, in a sneak peek of his essay published here. Faith, violence, and reason at the center of the confrontation between Christianity and Islam
22.9.2006
> Why Benedict XVI Did not Want to Fall Silent or Backpedal
If in Regensburg the pope cited the dialogue between the emperor of Byzantium and his Muslim adversary, he did so with deliberation. His thesis is that – then as now – religion must wed itself, not with violence, but with reason. An analysis by Pietro De Marco and a commentary by Lucetta Scaraffia
18.9.2006
> Islam’s Unreasonable War Against Benedict XVI
In Regensburg, the pope offered as terrain for dialogue between Christians and Muslims ?“acting according to reason.” But the Islamic world has attacked him, distorting his thought, confirming by this that the rejection of reason brings intolerance and violence along with it. The uncertainties about the trip to Turkey
12.9.2006
> The Best of Greek Thought Is “An Integral Part of Christian Faith”
The complete text of the lecture given by the pope on the afternoon of Tuesday, September 12, 2006, in the main hall of the University of Regensburg
29.8.2006
> Fr. Samir: “A Decalogue for Peace in the Middle East”
The Vatican secretariat of state is studying a ten-point plan for a comprehensive agreement in the Holy Land and the surrounding area. The author is an Arab Jesuit who is a leading scholar of Islam, and greatly admired by the pope
22.8.2006
> Lebanon and Clashes of Civilization: How to Recognize the Enemy
More Gospel and less diplomacy: this is the new course set by Benedict XVI. But geopolitics also has its reasons. The theses of Vittorio E. Parsi, Giulio Andreotti, and the Jesuit scholar of Islam Samir K. Samir. Plus a comprehensive analysis by Pietro De Marco
8.8.2006
> From Lebanon to Central Asia, the Rise of Shia Muslims
Iran becomes a regional power and exports its revolution. Two experts in the geopolitics of Islam, Vali Nasr and Khaled Fouad Allam, analyze the shift and its consequences for the Middle East, Washington, and the Vatican
2.8.2006
> Professor Ratzinger Goes back to School. After Islam Last Year, Darwin Topic This Year
Evolution will be the focus of the upcoming seminar between the pope and his former students in Castel Gandolfo. Meanwhile, Jesuit scholar Christian W. Troll has updated his analysis of progressive Muslim thinkers
26.7.2006
> At the Summit on the Middle East, Benedict XVI Preaches the Cross of Jesus
Less politics – as little as possible – and more Christian faith: this is the new approach the pope wants for the Church. While the armies fight and the diplomats negotiate, in a little mountain parish he says...
16.6.2006
> Orthodoxy and Islam: Benedict XVI Prepares for His Trip to Turkey
He has dedicated an entire catechesis to Saint Andrew, the apostle of Rome’s “sister” Church of Constantinople, and has expressed his hope for the teaching of the Islamic religion in European schools, under precise conditions. From Muslim thinker Khaled Fouad Allam comes a proposal in agreement with the pope
7.6.2006
> Lajolo and Kasper, Two New Additions to Team Ratzinger
They occupy key positions in the curia, having been appointed by John Paul II. But they fully support the new course charted by pope Ratzinger. Here is what has changed with them in the areas of ecumenism and relations with Islam
15.5.2006
> A Peaceful Form of Islam at the Delta of the Ganges
Teaching it is a Muslim philosopher from the university of Dhaka, side by side with Christian, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu instructors. Here is an interview he gave to a Catholic missionary
4.5.2006
> When Civilizations Meet: How Joseph Ratzinger Sees Islam
The author of this essay, Samir Khalil Samir, is an Egyptian Jesuit who is very familiar with both the pope and the Muslim religion. It was written for and published by “Asia News.” Here it is in its entirety
10.4.2006
> Oriana Fallaci Has Enrolled in the Society of Jesus
An article by one of the Jesuits of “La Civiltà Cattolica” makes an extremely critical analysis of Islam, one very similar to that of the famous author – whose work Benedict XVI reads with admiration
22.3.2006
> There’s a Dossier on Turkey on the Pope’s Table
Benedict XVI will go to Istanbul in November. He wants more religious liberty for Christians, and more dialogue with politically moderate Islam. An article in “La Civiltà Cattolica” explains why
21.3.2006
> Ruini Rebuts Martino: This Is How the Qur’an Should Be Taught in School
Under the same conditions that are valid in regard to all instruction in the public schools. But Islam is very far from these conditions. This is how it is in Italy, and in many European countries. The view of the jurist Carlo Cardia
14.3.2006
> Renato Martino, a Cardinal Out of Control
His statements frequently create difficulties for the Vatican authorities and the pope. The most recent ones involve Cuba and the teaching of the Qur’an in public schools
20.2.2006
> Christians, Islam and the Future of Europe
How, and why, Islam can be part of “Catholic” Europe. On two conditions: a strong Christianity, and Muslim self-reform. A conference held in Denver, Colorado, at the invitation of the archdiocese
7.2.2006
> Blessed Are the Meek: The Life and Martyrdom of a Priest on Mission in Turkey
Fr. Andrea wanted to live in the Middle East “as Jesus lived there, with the humble gift of his life.” They killed him, crying out “Allah is great,” while he prayed
26.1.2006
> Castel Gandolfo Revisited: The Jesuits Come to the Pope’s Defense
Fr. Fessio agrees with his fellow Jesuits Troll and Samir. And he testifies together with them that, for Benedict XVI, Islam is capable of reform and can be harmonized with modernity. But at a steep price
23.1.2006
> Islam and Democracy, a Secret Meeting at Castel Gandolfo
The synopsis of a weekend of study on Islam with the pope and his former theology students. With two conflicting versions of how Benedict XVI views the Muslim religion
5.1.2006
> Holy War: The Year the Muslims Took Rome
Few know about it, but it happened. A book published in the United States offers to the public the first comprehensive collection of the major documents on the theory and practice of jihad, from Mohammed until today
29.12.2005
> The Mayor of Bethlehem is Christian, but It’s Hamas That’s in Charge
It exalts terrorism, wants to wipe out Israel, and is threatening a tax of non-Muslim residents. Its testing ground is the city of Jesus’s birth
19.12.2005
> From Lepanto to Baghdad, There’s a Road that Leads through Rome
The Vatican updates its outlook on the history of relations between Christianity and Islam. And a Muslim intellectual makes a fresh analysis of the case of Iraq. Two documents
14.12.2005
> “In Truth, Peace” – The First Lesson of Benedict XVI on Peace, War, and Terrorism
The complete text of pope Joseph Ratzinger’s message for the 2006 World Day of Peace, to be celebrated January 1
30.11.2005
> Death or Freedom for the Apostates? The Counter-Fatwa of the Liberal Muslims
The debate over how to deal with those who abandon their faith in Allah is growing more heated among Muslims. Jesuit Fr. Samir Khalil Samir, an Islamic studies scholar, analyzes the contending positions in a book on converts to Christianity
14.11.2005
> The New Nuncio in the Gulf Is off to a Good Start – By Bowing to Terrorists
In his first public interview, archbishop El-Hachem attributes reasonable motives to the Islamist terrorism. And he cites Paul VI in his support. But he is mistaken. Here’s what the pope really said
11.11.2005
> The Church Breaks its Silence over the Islam of the Ayatollahs
The Vatican lodges diplomatic objections. And the international magazine of the patriarchate of Venice, “Oasis,” publishes a report on the repression of Christians in Iran. Here it is
31.10.2005
> How and Why Iraq Is Teaching a Lesson to he World – And to the Church
Muslim intellectual Khaled Fouad Allam explains. Islam and democracy can go together, and this is becoming a reality in Iraq. But there are skeptics at the Vatican
7.9.2005
> The Custody Must Be Doubled in the Holy Land
The Christians of Bethlehem and Palestine are in greater and greater danger. The Custodian of the Holy Places accuses the Islamic extremists and the Palestinian Authority, "which is doing little or nothing." Meanwhile, between the Vatican and Israel...
25.8.2005
> After Cologne: The Remarkable Lesson of Professor Ratzinger
For Catholics, Christians, Jews, Muslims. A survey of the first trip outside of Italy for the new pope – who, the more demanding he is, conquers minds and hearts all the more
8.8.2005
> From Cologne to the Conquest of Europe: How the Muslim Brotherhood is Challenging the Pope
At World Youth Day in Cologne, Benedict XVI is also meeting with Muslims. Here are the leaders and organizations of radical Islam in Germany, with their plans for expansion
1.8.2005
> Required Reading: A Brief Catechism on the Clash of Civilizations
Everyone is talking about it, but few know what it is. The Vatican is confusing matters. Pietro De Marco analyzes Islamic terrorism and the Christian response to it in the light of Huntington's theory
3.2.2005
> Democracy Wins in Iraq. And in the Vatican, Too
One year ago "La Civiltà Cattolica" asserted that Islam and democracy are incompatible. It doesn't anymore. This is the sign of a decisive shift even among the Church's leadership. Behind the scenes at a very special magazine
31.1.2005
> There Is a Catholic Oasis in Dubai. And Another Has Sprung Up in Venice
The life of a fervent parish on the Arabian peninsula, according to an account by its bishop. And a sneak preview of the new international magazine "Oasis" conceived by Cardinal Scola
7.1.2005
> Countdown to Voting in Iraq: The Mosques Are Clashing, Too
The Shiite mosques preach in favor of peaceful elections. Some of the Sunni ones are preaching against them, and justifying the bombings. A report on two mosques in Baghdad
28.12.2004
> Mission Impossible: Building a Church in Turkey
Prime minister Erdogan promises more religious freedom, but the facts belie him: the Christian minority continues to experience discrimination. The Vatican's doubts and Europe's indifference
16.12.2004
> Europe and Islam: Identities Lost
The terrorist threat has led to an explosive conflict between the West and the Muslim world. But the reasons for the clash go deeper; they are found within each of these civilizations. In a consensus-defying book, an English philosopher explains how and why
8.11.2004
> Trying Democracy in Baghdad, with the Vatican's Blessing
The pope receives Iraqi premier Allawi, and the Chaldean Catholic patriarch meets the Shiite ayatollah, al-Sistani. The Church is encouraging the Islamic journey to democracy. An essay by Vittorio E. Parsi
29.10.2004
> The Christians of Iraq Are Under Attack – But the Pope Is Fighting for Them
John Paul II raises his voice in support of his Iraqi faithful. He encourages them not to flee. And the Vatican news agency "Fides" publishes the "list of horror" of those killed by the Islamist terrorists
15.10.2004
> Europe Is Christian, but Turkey's Crescent Moon Shines in its Skies
Church leaders are discussing whether it is right or not to consider Muslim Turkey as part of Europe. Ratzinger says "No," but the "Yes" votes are growing more numerous - and more convincing
6.10.2004
> Islamist Terrorism: What the Vatican Really Thinks
What the pope and the authorities of the Holy See do not say, " La Civiltà Cattolica" writes – with authorization. A startling editorial on three years of war against the West and the "crusaders," in the name of Islam
28.9.2004
> The Vatican Deploys its Divisions in Iraq – Under the Banner of NATO
An interview with Cardinal Sodano and an editorial in "Avvenire" invoke greater military support for Allawi's government and for the emerging Iraqi democracy, through a heavy deployment of troops from the Atlantic Alliance
8.9.2004
> Beslan, the September 11 of the Christian Children. But the Church Doesn't See
“L’Osservatore Romano” and “Avvenire” run adrift in their analysis of the facts. Dialogue breaks down between the Vatican and Sant'Egidio and the presumedly "moderate" Muslims. And anti-Jewish sentiment reappears
24.8.2004
> The Future of Iraq's Christians Will Be Decided at the Tomb of Alì
The Vatican has offered to be a mediator for the battle of Najaf, the holy city of the Shiite Muslims. It is a demonstrative gesture, but one with a real objective: protecting the Christians
4.8.2004
> The Madonna of Kazan Has Worked a Miracle in Her Homeland: Peace among the Religions
The pope gives back the highly venerated icon to the Russian Orthodox. But Muslims and Jews will welcome it, too. A report from Tatarstan, a rare model of peaceful coexistence among the faiths
1.7.2004
> Worldwide Islam Has an Oasis of Democracy: Mali
From Timbuktu and Bamako comes a lesson for the entire Muslim world: a secular detachment from politics and peace with the other religions. The Muslim president asks for the blessing of the Catholic archbishop
3.6.2004
> Enemy Islam. An Interview with the Bishop of Rumbek, Sudan
Muslim persecution described by an eyewitness. Two million dead in twenty years. "And this is just the beginning. The challenge of Islamism is much worse than communism. Something the next pope will have to fully face"
4.5.2004
> Islam Plus Democracy: The Lewis Doctrine Makes Inroads at the Vatican
After the United States, and with great caution, the Holy See is also embracing the thesis of Islam scholar Bernard Lewis: combat terrorism with the weapon of democracy. The shift faces a test in Iraq
30.4.2004
> A New Silk Road Begins from Venice. It¿s Called "Marcianum"
It is a center of studies very dear to the pope. Patriarch Scola conceived it. Cardinal Sodano inaugurated it. It looks toward the East and Islam, even as far as China
22.3.2004
> Pope Prays After March 11 Attacks. Sodano and Ruini Set Foreign Policy
Vatican authorities are quiet following the terrorist massacre in Madrid. Yet their newspapers aren¿t. The Italian Bishops¿ Conference daily urges all European governments to have a greater military commitment in Iraq
17.3.2004
> The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran
A German scholar of ancient languages takes a new look at the sacred book of Islam. He maintains that it was created by Syro-Aramaic speaking Christians, in order to evangelize the Arabs. And he translates it in a new way
4.3.2004
> Shiite Islam: The Grand Ayatollah Sistani Wants Najaf as the Capital
The bombs of Karbala reignite the struggle between Sunnis and Shiites. And, within the latter group, the struggle between the theocratic model of Khomeini and the "quietist" one preferred in Iraq
13.2.2004
> The Jesuits of "La Civiltà Cattolica" Don¿t Want Democracy in Iraq
Exporting it there is "offensive to the Islamic community," they write in their latest editorial. And to defeat terrorism, "the only way is more intelligence." A commentary by Massimo Introvigne
2.2.2004
> Headscarf Outlawed. France Caught Between Secularism and Islamism
The dispute for and against the Islamic headscarf is dividing the Catholic Church. Even the Muslims are not completely united. The headscarf¿s story throughout history, as recounted by Khaled Fouad Allam
19.1.2004
> Tariq Ramadan's Two-Faced Islam. The West Is the Land of Conquest
The family, teachers, and ideology of the most popular Muslim intellectual in Europe. A challenge for Christians. The theologian Olivier Clément reveals the danger
8.1.2004
> Twenty-first Century African Slaves - In the Land of Islam
From the Niger River to Sudan slavery continues to be practiced and justified in the name of the Koran. Resounding the alarm are black African bishops, an Italian reporter and an English baroness from the House of Lords
29.12.2003
> St. Egidio and Algeria. An Ambassador¿s Disturbing Revelations
Franco de Courten, Italy¿s ambassador in Algiers from 1996 to 1998, published his memoirs in a highly critical account of the religious community¿s work
22.12.2003
> The Holy Land: Only the Law of God Can Save It
The Arab Muslims' refusal of an Israeli state on "their" land can be definitively removed only through a decision of sacred law. Pietro De Marco points to one model: the concordats between Church and state
9.12.2003
> Miracle in Nazareth. The Story of a Successful Italian Manager
In the middle of an all-out Israeli-Arab war, in the city of Jesus's annunciation, there are Jewish, Muslim and Christian doctors, nurses and nuns all working together in harmony. And it all started when...
6.12.2003
> "Moderate" Islam - But not for Converts to the Christian Faith
A wave of arrests for apostasy in Egypt. The story of a young baptized, forced to keep his new faith hidden. The fluctuating position of the Church
4.12.2003
> Imams at War: Models of Preaching Found in Six Italian Mosques
With one exception, they are sermons that incite to hatred. The end of Ramadan was marked by the legitimization of Islamic terrorism in Iraq and the whole world
28.11.2003
> Iraq: The Church Goes on a Mission of Peace
The heads of Vatican diplomacy are changing - and so are positions on the war. Cardinal Ruini dictates the stance, and "L'Osservatore Romano" adjusts to it
19.11.2003
> There's a Wall of Hatred Against Israel. "Avvenire" Explains How To Demolish It
The progressivist Catholic magazine "Segno" gives space to the deepest anti-Israeli animosity. But the Italian bishops' newspaper launches a counter-proposal: To the synagogue, everyone! An interview on Hamas
3.11.2003
> The Other Islam. The Peaceful Revolution of the Ismaili Shiites
And this is their manifesto, presented in London by the imam Karim Aga Khan. For a fruitful relationship between the great Muslim tradition and Western civilization
30.10.2003
> Louis Sako, Bishop of Kirkuk: "I know Who Doesn't Want Iraq To Be Free"
"They are Arab fighters who have entered Iraq, financed by fundamentalist movements in nearby countries, or maybe even by the governments." An interview with the rising star of the Chaldean Church
27.10.2003
> A Reminder for the Vatican: There's No Way Out of Alliance with America
A book by an expert in Cardinal Ruini's confidence gives a trans-Atlantic lesson to the politicians of the Old Continent - and to those of the Holy See
21.10.2003
> The Church and Islam. "La Civiltà Cattolica" Breaks the Ceasefire
Through the prestigious magazine, the Vatican denounces with unusual harshness the oppression of Christians in Muslim countries. A testimony from Egypt
30.9.2003
> If Europe Denies Itself: A Letter to Europeans from a European Muslim
A lesson from Khaled Fouad Allam to Europeans who have forgotten their Christian identity. John Paul II as St. Francis with the islamic sultans
8.9.2003
> My Friend, Islam: The "Dialogue At All Costs" of Pope Wojtyla
Here are the criticisms of the pope that many cardinals and bishops have in mind, but do not make public. They're found in a book written by a scholar of Islam who knows these criticisms well
1.9.2003
> Islam and Democracy in Iraq. The Martyrdom of the Shiite Muslims
The unconventional analysis of a great Muslim scholar, Khaled Fouad Allam. It's the exact opposite of the anti-American position taken by the Jesuits and the Vatican
29.7.2003
> With the Pope or with Bush? "Studi Cattolici" Stands with Both
A special issue of the Opus Dei-inspired magazine offers an in-depth critique of the anti-Americanism of a large part of the Church and of the Vatican itself
11.6.2003
> In Rome's Main Mosque, One Imam Is Calling for Jihad
Incendiary sermons are being preached to the Muslims in the pope's diocese. And this is no isolated case - the mosques are in the hands of Islamic radicals
9.6.2003
> The Vatican Against America: A War of Words
On one side, "La Civiltà Cattolica", the Jesuits and the Vatican secretary of state; on the other, "First Things", the Catholic neoconservatives and the White House
12.5.2003
> Poland's Catholics Depart for Iraq. With the United States and the Pope
Their Krakow weekly paper lays out their position. They're friends of the pope: another reason for his not being a pacifist
6.5.2003
> Strategy Change in the Vatican: The Islamic Party Is Born
And the Jews are the ones who are paying the price, says an important Israeli diplomat. Fortunately, there's John Paul II
30.4.2003
> Secularism and Fundamentalism in Iraqi Islam. The Double Misinterpretation
Democracy will be difficult but not impossible in the land of the Tigris and the Euphrates, judging by the history of political Islam. Two books that cannot be missed
18.4.2003
> "War Diary, January-April, 2003." Author: Pietro De Marco
Before, during, and after the conflict in Iraq, according to the previously unpublished notes of a great Catholic thinker. The pacifists' utopia, the Church's role, and Bush's religion
8.4.2003
> Bush & God: A Puzzle for the Church in Europe
Here are the reasons why many Catholics on the Old Continent consider the president of the United States a false Christian making war in the name of God
31.3.2003
> War Report. The Paper Dragons of the Pacifist Theologians
Enzo Bianchi and Bruno Forte are writing fiery editorials against the war. But these are mainly directed against Christians who think differently from the way they do
25.3.2003
> The Postwar Era According to Camillo Cardinal Ruini
The president of the Italian bishops¿ conference criticizes pacifism and anti-Americanism, and expresses his vision of a more free, just, and harmonious world
20.3.2003
> War in the Gulf. What the Pope Really Said
"We know well that peace is not possible at any price. But we all know how great is this responsibility...." - John Paul II. The true story of a condemnation that never took place
17.3.2003
> Is Europe a Province of Islam? The Danger is Called Dhimmitude
The old continent's pro-Islamism comes from long ago. It stems from the special protection Muslim conquerors applied to "dhimmi" Jews and Christians
6.3.2003
> The Interventionist Church. Archbishop Migliore¿s Peace Offensive
Objective: Iraq¿s disarmament. But how? Michael Walzer explains what the Vatican only hints at. And even De Gasperi¿s daughter criticizes pacifism and lays out reasons for the war
3.3.2003
> A Test of Catholic Geopolitics: How to Read the World After September 11
A book published by the Catholic University of Milan interprets the new world disorder. It has Italian and American authors, from Vittorio E. Parsi to G. John Ikenberry
28.2.2003
> Light and Shadows Between Rome and Jerusalem. Interview With the Israeli Ambassador
Iraq, the Palestinians, anti-Semitism, Pius XII, Jewish-Christian dialogue... Yosef Neville Lamdan weighs the ups and downs of ten years of diplomatic relations between Israel and the Holy See
26.2.2003
> "L'Osservatore Romano" and "Avvenire": The Two Discordant Voices of the Church of Rome
The Pope¿s newspaper and that of his vicar are speaking different languages with regard to the war in Iraq. But the realists have the upper hand, even in the Secretariat of State
24.2.2003
> After - and Beyond - the Tide of Pacifism. An Essay by Pietro De Marco
A complete analysis of the case of Iraq written by a specialist in religious geopolitics - with an assessment of the role of the Catholic Church
18.2.2003
> The Patriarch¿s Peace March, with an al-Fatah Escort
Michel Sabbah, Latin-rite patriarch of Jerusalem, is increasingly isolated and a prisoner of Arab extremism. This according to the clamorous denunciation of a pacifist who has seen him up close
17.2.2003
> From Assisi to Baghdad. If This is the Way to Make Peace
Two interviews worth highlighting: that of Cardinal Etchegaray after his meeting with Saddam Hussein and that of a Franciscan in Assisi on the eve of Tareq Aziz¿s visit
12.2.2003
> The Theory and Practice of Just War. Nine Documents to Understand It Better
From Michael Novak to the archbishop of Sydney, from George Weigel to Pietro De Marco, all the reasons for - and objections to - a Catholic "Yes" to war
5.2.2003
> It¿s Islam Against the United States - but the Shiite Muslims Are an Exception
The Shiites are in the majority in Iraq, and are numerous even in Saudi Arabia, but they are persecuted in both countries. So they have high hopes for the American war. The enigma of Iran
30.1.2003
> Iraq: The Purely Political Reasons for the Church¿s "No" to War
There is little idealism, and much pragmatism, in the antiwar positions of Cardinal Sodano and the Italian, German, and Canadian bishops. The Canadians have even stated theirs in the form of a petition
28.1.2003
> A Famous Pacifist Speaks: "I Don¿t Believe In This Cruel Bible Anymore"
Enrico Peyretti, the leader of the Catholic nonviolence movement in Italy, revives the heresy of Marcion. And he says of the Towers that were destroyed on September 11...
27.1.2003
> Exclusive Interview with Ambassador Nicholson: "The Points of Disagreement between Bush and the Pope"
The most serious: Iraq. A famous theologian is coming to Rome to convince the Vatican of the good of a preventive war against Saddam Hussein. But it seems an impossible mission
21.1.2003
> The Pope¿s Jesuit Allies Duel with Bush¿s Strategists over Preventive War
"La Civiltà Cattolica" says "No" to war against Iraq. But it does so with arguments, not dogmatic vetoes - Israel, it says, was right to attack first in 1967
16.1.2003
> Gadhafi, Castro, Champions of Liberty: Rewarded by the U.N., Rejected by a Cardinal
Libya has moved to the front of the line in the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, along with Cuba. But the archbishop of Havana is breaking his silence, and accusing the regime of gagging the Church
13.1.2003
> Iraq, Europe, and Russia: John Paul II¿s Three Active Fronts
In his annual speech to the diplomatic corps, John Paul II disappointed the pacifists, the secularists, and the ecumenists. Here are the crucial passages, word by word
7.1.2003
> The Church and Iraq. How to Get Rid of Saddam Hussein without Making War on Him
For Cardinal Ruini¿s newspaper, the removal of Baghdad¿s tyrant is an indispensable objective. Here¿s how his expert in world politics, Vittorio E. Parsi, translates the pope¿s words of peace
16.12.2002
> Exclusive Interview with Cardinal Camillo Ruini: "My Battle for Man"
Politics and faith, Catholics and secularists, Europe and Islam: The pope¿s vicar covers all the fields. He also speaks of good and bad culture models. And of the No. 1 danger: the naturalistic tendency of modern man
27.11.2002
> Saddam Hussein massacres Shiite Muslims, and the Vatican looks away
Deafening silence from the heads of the Catholic Church regarding religious persecution underway in Iraq. But it¿s fully documented. Here are the complete links to the condemning evidence
25.11.2002
> In Mecca on Friday, at Noon: To Listen to a Model of Preaching
From the city of the Prophet, a website selects the best of the sermons in the mosques and sends them to imams throughout the world as a guide for preaching - against Jews, Christians, and the West. Not to be missed
19.11.2002
> The Other Islam: Scholarly, and Written with a Sharp Pen
Her name is Latifa Lakhdar. To orthodox Muslims, she flirts with heresy. But she also says things that are troubling to Catholics engaged in interreligious dialogue. One of her loves? Saint Augustine
13.11.2002
> The U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican: "After September 11, the Pope Said to Me..."
In an unusual book, Ambassador Nicholson tells the story of the diplomatic relations between the United States and the Holy See. It's up-to-date, and contains some new revelations
30.10.2002
> The De Marco Proposal for Peace between Israel and Palestine
The author is a specialist in religious geopolitics. His plan for peace has been making the rounds for months in influential circles, and is very critical of Europe and the Vatican. Here it is in full
26.10.2002
> The Other Islam. A Peace-Planning Network Is Born
It's called ArchNet. It builds a bridge between Islam and the West, and unites Harvard and MIT even the most godforsaken villages of Asia and Africa
