Eastern Liao (simplified Chinese: 东辽; traditional Chinese:
Eastern Liao | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1213–1269 | |||||||||
Capital | Zhongjing | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
King | |||||||||
• 1213–1220 | Yelü Liuge | ||||||||
• 1226–1238 | Yelü Xuedu | ||||||||
• 1238–1259 | Yelü Shouguonu | ||||||||
• 1259–1269 | Yelü Gunai | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Yelü Liuge revolts against the Jin dynasty | 1212 | ||||||||
• Yelü Liuge becomes king | 1213 | ||||||||
• Later Liao splits from Eastern Liao | 1216 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1269 | ||||||||
Currency | Chinese cash, Chinese coin, copper coins etc. | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | China |
Establishment
editYelü Liuge, a descendant of the Liao dynasty imperial clan, rebelled against the rule of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1212. Within several months, Yelü Liuge was able to build up a sizeable following. The Jin emperor Xuanzong appointed Wanyan Husha and Puxian Wannu to crush the rebellion, but Yelü Liuge subsequently defeated the Jin forces in modern Changtu, Liaoning with Mongol support.[1]
In 1213, Yelü Liuge proclaimed himself king, adopted the dynastic name of "Liao" (Chinese:
In 1214, the Jin dynasty once again attacked Eastern Liao under the command of Puxian Wannu. After defeating the Jin forces the second time, Yelü Liuge established his capital at modern-day Kaiyuan, Liaoning and renamed it to "Zhongjing" (lit. "Middle Capital"; Chinese:
Relations with Later Liao
editIn 1215, Yelü Liuge occupied the eastern capital of the Jin dynasty (modern Liaoyang, Liaoning). Soon after, Eastern Liao officials began to urge Yelü Liuge to assume the title of "emperor". Yelü Liuge declined and subsequently allied himself with Genghis Khan who had by this time united the Mongol tribes.
In 1216, Yelü Sibu (the younger brother of Yelü Liuge) rebelled against the pro-Mongol faction led by Yelü Liuge. Yelü Sibu proclaimed himself the emperor of a new regime, Later Liao (Chinese:
In 1218, Yelü Liuge attacked Later Liao with the support of the Mongol Empire and Goryeo. In the spring of 1219, the Later Liao ruler Yelü Hanshe committed suicide after suffering military defeat by Eastern Liao, marking the collapse of the Later Liao regime.[3]
Later history
editThe kingdom then became a vassalage of the Mongol Empire. Yelü Liuge died in 1220. His son, Yelü Xuedu lived at the Mongol court and served in Genghis Khan's army. In 1269, the Yuan dynasty abolished the title, ending the Eastern Liao kingdom.
Monarchs
editPersonal name | Era name | Reign | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Yelü Liuge (耶律 |
Yuantong ( |
1213–1220 | [2] |
Empress Yaoli (姚里 |
1220–1226 | ||
Yelü Xuedu (耶律薛阇) | 1226–1238 | ||
Yelü Shouguonu (耶律 |
1238–1259 | ||
Yelü Gunai (耶律 |
1259–1269 | ||
1 Regent |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hu, Bo (2004).
蒙 古 族 古代 军事史 . 辽宁民族 出版 社 . ISBN 9787806447369. - ^ a b Pei, Yuanbo (2011).
契 丹 钱树鉴赏与投 资. Beijing Book Co. ISBN 9787539826783. - ^ a b Pei, Yuanbo (2011).
契 丹 钱树鉴赏与投 资. Beijing Book Co. ISBN 9787539826783.