Kuniezu

The kuniezu (国くに絵図えず) were a series of Japanese provincial land maps, created during the Edo period, which the Tokugawa shogunate ordered be created by every province.^[1] They are sometimes contrasted with nihonzu (日本にっぽん図ず), which were national maps created by the shogunate.^[2]

In 1983, two of these map sets—the Genroku Kuniezu and the Tempō Kuniezu—were designated Important Cultural Properties of Japan.^[3]^[4]

Shōhō Kuniezu

Work on the Shōhō Kuniezu (正保しょうほう国こく絵図えず) was started in 1644 [1]^{[permanent dead link]}. The original copy was destroyed by fire in 1873 ja:正保しょうほう国こく絵図えず.

Genroku Kuniezu

Work on the Genroku Kuniezu (元禄げんろく国こく絵図えず) began in 1696 (Genroku 9) and ended in 1702 (Genroku 15).^[3] The cadastral survey and mapping project was started and finished in the Genroku era.^[3] It was the fourth official map of Japan.^[5]

The scale of the maps reduced "ri" (3927m) to 6 "sun" (18 cm) [about 1/21,600 scale]. Each map showed mountains, rivers, roads and other landmarks.^[3] Road milestones and names of villages with recognized yields of rice were recorded. Castle towns were recorded with the names of local area and names of the lords of the castles.^[3]

The maps served as a comprehensive record of the region's statistics with legends showing colours of the counties and colour coding the yield of rice achieved from each county. Some maps even featured gridlines and the number of villages in each county featured on the bottom of the maps.^[6]

Some considered this set of maps as inferior to the previous ones which had been ordered. The Genroku maps were corrected in 1719 (Kyōhō 4).^[5]

This was the first complete set of provincial maps that included both Ezo and the Ryūkyū Kingdom,^[7] which at that time, was a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain.

Tempō Kuniezu

Work on the Tempō Kuniezu (天保てんぽう国こく絵図えず) started in 1835 and ended in 1838.^[4]

References

^ Traganeou, p. 37 n26.
^ ja:江戸えど幕府ばくふの地図ちず事業じぎょう
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e National Archives of Japan (NAJ), "Genroku Kuniezu" Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2013-5-20.
^ ^a ^b National Archives of Japan (NAJ), "Tempō Kuniezu" Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2013-5-20.
^ ^a ^b Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.
^ "Tempo Kuniezu".
^ Fassbender, Bardo et al. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, p. 483; John Brian Harley et al. (1987). The History of Cartography, p. 397 n211; excerpt, "The maps are reproduced in color in Ryūkyū kuniezu shiryōshū [琉球りゅうきゅう国こく絵図えず史料しりょう集しゅう] (Collected historical materials of provincial maps of Ryūkyū)..., 1992.

[1] Traganeou, p. 37 n26.

[2] :江戸えど幕府ばくふの地図ちず事業じぎょう

[naj-3] National Archives of Japan (NAJ), "Genroku Kuniezu" Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2013-5-20.

[naj2-4] National Archives of Japan (NAJ), "Tempō Kuniezu" Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2013-5-20.

[traganeou-5] Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.

[6] "Tempo Kuniezu".

[7] Fassbender, Bardo et al. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, p. 483; John Brian Harley et al. (1987). The History of Cartography, p. 397 n211; excerpt, "The maps are reproduced in color in Ryūkyū kuniezu shiryōshū [琉球りゅうきゅう国こく絵図えず史料しりょう集しゅう] (Collected historical materials of provincial maps of Ryūkyū)..., 1992.

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