Ethnic nationalism in Japan (Japanese:
In present-day Japan statistics only counts their population in terms of nationality, rather than ethnicity, thus the number of ethnic Yamato and their actual population numbers are ambiguous.[2]
Dominant ethnic-centered nationalism
edit"Japanese ethnic nationalism" (Japanese:
Minzoku-ha
editMinzoku-ha (
Nihonjinron
editNihonjinron (
Yamato nationalism
edit"Yamato nationalism" (Japanese:
During the Empire of Japan, Yamato nationalism is inspired most Japanese soldiers and civilians at the time and made Japanese people feel racially superior to the Chinese people.[7] Today, Yamato nationalism is deeply linked to xenophobic sentiment toward minority races/ethnic groups; due to the influence of Yamato nationalism, Zainichi Koreans who moved to Empire of Japan forcibly or voluntarily during the colonial Korea period and lived in Japan were not granted "citizenship" (
Yamato-damashii
editAinu nationalism
edit"Ainu nationalism" (Japanese: アイヌ
Ainu Party (アイヌ
Ainu Revolution Theory
editOkinawan nationalism
edit"Okinawan nationalism" (Japanese:
Modern Okinawa nationalism often manifests itself through negative views of Marine Corps Air Station Futenma bases on the Ryukyu Islands. It is also often manifested by local leftists who oppose Japanese nationalism.[11]
All Okinawa is a representative nationalist organization that requests the demolition of MCAS Futenma.
Ryukyu nationalism
editHistorical
editEmpire of Japan had Korea, Taiwan, and other colonies. In the colonies, there were anti-colonial nationalists who argued for "national self-determination" (Japanese:
Korean nationalism
editEarly "Korean [ethnic] nationalism" (Japanese:
Traditionally, the concept of Japanese ethnic nationalism "blood" was emphasized. This form of nationalism was dominant in Empire of Japan and also influenced Korean ethnic nationalism.[12][13]
Korean independence movement
editTheory of self-governance
editSome Korean nationalists, such as Yi Gwangsu and Choe Nam-seon, insisted on "theory of self-governance" (Japanese:
Manchurian nationalism
editInvading China through the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Empire of Japan established a puppet state called Manchukuo. They promoted "Manchurian nationalism" (Japanese:
Taiwanese nationalism
editDuring the Taiwan under Japan rule, the "Taiwanese nationalism" (Japanese:
Mao Zedong was an early supporter of Taiwanese independence, telling Edgar Snow in the 1930s that the Chinese Communist Party would lend “our enthusiastic help in their struggle for independence.” He changed this position only after the Nationalists started claiming Taiwan with the Cairo Declaration.[14] The Taiwanese Communist Party also emphasized "Taiwanese nation" (
Despite its history of colonial rule, Taiwan's anti-Japanese sentiment today is known to be significantly lower than that of Korea, because Empire of Japan guaranteed Taiwan relatively more autonomy compared to Korea.[15]
Taiwanese Cultural Association
editSee also
edit- Ethnic groups of Japan
- Han nationalism / Local ethnic nationalism (China)
- Minzoku-ha
- Minzu (anthropology) (China)
- National essentialism
- Nihon shugi (
日本 主義 , lit. "Japan-ism") - Nihonjinron
- Uyoku dantai
- Volk
Notes
edit- ^ "
民族 主義 " can also mean cultural nationalism, depending on the context. Yanagita Kunio and other advocates of Japanese 'cultural nationalism' (民族 主義 ) opposed 'state [ultra-]nationalism' ([超 ]国家 主義 ).
References
edit- ^ Ryôta Nishino (2011). Changing Histories: Japanese and South African Textbooks in Comparison (1945–1995). V&R Unipress. p. 26.
... minzoku nationalism rested on the twin pillars of 'blood and soil' and 'proper place'.
- ^
国籍 ・地域 別 在留 資格 (在留 目的 )別 在留 外国 人 .独立 行政 法人 統計 センター. Retrieved 2019-07-29. - ^ "Aso says Japan is nation of 'one race'". 18 October 2005 – via Japan Times Online.
- ^ "
麻生 太郎 氏 「日本 は2千 年 、一 つの民族 」政府 方針 と矛盾 ". 13 January 2020 – via The Asahi Shimbun. - ^ Gerard Delanty; Krishan Kumar (2006). The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. SAGE Publications. p. 477. ISBN 978-1-4462-0644-7.
- ^ Eiichiro Azuma (2019). Routledge Handbook of Trauma in East Asia. University of California Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-520-97307-7.
... Yamato minzoku sometimes is translated as the "Yamato race."
- ^ Diana Lary (2010). The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937-1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
Yamato nationalism that inspired most Japanese soldiers and civilians at the time and made them feel racially superior to the Chinese.
- ^ Kelly, Robert E. (24 May 2010). "More on Asian Multiculturalism: 5 Masters Theses to be Written". Retrieved 10 February 2024.
In Japan, the Yamato race is so important that even ethnic Koreans living there for generations can't get citizenship and there's no immigration despite a contracting population.
- ^ Ann-elise lewallen (2016). The Fabric of Indigeneity: Ainu Identity, Gender, and Settler Colonialism in Japan. p.5.
- ^ アイヌ
民族 党 ウェブサイト - ^ Ra Mason (February 2016). Nationalism in Okinawa: Futenma and the Future of Base Ppolitics.
- ^ Curtis Anderson Gayle (29 August 2003). Marxist History and Postwar Japanese Nationalism. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-134-43158-8.
... Japanese ethnic nationalism such as nationalism based on the ideology of "blood," and the imperial expansion of the state for economic and political gain.
- ^ Gi-Wook Shin (2006). Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy. Stanford University Press. p. 180.
... Japanese ethnic nationalism is illuminating in comprehending the Korean politics of national identity.
- ^ van der Wees, Gerrit. "When the CCP Thought Taiwan Should Be Independent". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ Shinichi Ichimura (29 June 2013). Political Economy of Japanese and Asian Development. Springer Japan. p. 49.
External links
edit- Quotations related to Ethnic issues in Japan at Wikiquote
- (in Japanese) Ethnic nationalism (
民族 主義 ) - (in Japanese) Ethnic issues in Japan (
日本 の民族 問題 )