Shibi Khagan (r. 609 or 611 – c.April 619 AD)[2] succeeded Yami Qaghan as the second khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
Shibi Khagan | |
---|---|
Second Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate | |
Reign | 609 - c.April 619 |
Predecessor | Yami Qaghan |
Successor | Chuluo Qaghan |
Born | Ashina Duoji(shi) |
Died | c.April 619[1] Taiyuan |
Spouse | Princess Yicheng ( |
Issue | Ashina Shibobi Ashina Jiesheshuai |
House | Ashina |
Father | Yami Qaghan |
Religion | Tengrism |
Shibi Khan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | |||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Ashina Duojishi | |||||||||||||
Chinese | |||||||||||||
|
Reign
editHe succeeded Yami Qaghan in 609 or 611.[2] From 613 to 615 he was actively supporting agrarian rebels inside China.[3]
Pei Ju had become apprehensive that the khagan was becoming strong and difficult to control and had therefore suggested that Emperor Yang offer to marry a princess to the khan's brother Ashina Chiji (
In the fall of 615, when Emperor Yang was visiting Yanmen Commandery on the northern frontier, the khagan launched a surprise attack on the area, overrunning most of its Chinese settlements. Warned by the khagan's wife Princess Yicheng — a member of the imperial family who had been well treated by Empress Xiao during an earlier visit — the emperor, empress, and their entourage escaped to the commandery seat at present-day Daixian.[4] The Turks besieged them there on September 11.[5] Resources in seat was small. Emperor was reported to cry out of fear seeing [3] Yuwen suggested Emperor Yang select a few thousand elite cavalry soldiers to attempt a break out, but Su Wei and Fan Zigai (樊子
During the turmoil of the later years of Yangdi's reign, he supported various local warlords in northwestern China, who claimed the title of emperor, including Li Yuan, who would go on to find the Tang dynasty. The khagan supplied Li with 2,000 horses and 500 cavalry, who played a crucial role in the early victories of the Tang such as the Battle of Huoyi.
Shibi khagan later supported Liang Shidu and created him firstly as Tardu Bilge khagan (
He also supported Liu Wuzhou, who gathered about 10,000 soldiers and declared himself commandery governor. When officials of the nearby Yanmen Commandery (roughly modern Xinzhou, Shanxi), Chen Xiaoyi (
Another rebel, Li Yuan declared rebellion in fall 617, and Liu Wenjing suggested that he, who was still ostensibly claiming to be loyal to Sui but wanting to support Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You the Prince of Dai, then at Chang'an, as emperor, should change his banners from the regular Sui banners to distance himself from Emperor Yang, while seeking an alliance with Eastern Tujue for support. Li Yuan agreed, and sent Liu to Eastern Tujue to meet with the Shibi Khan. When khagan asked him what Li Yuan's intention was, Liu responded:
- The emperor [i.e., Emperor Yang's father Emperor Wen] deposed his proper heir [i.e., Emperor Yang's older brother Yang Yong] and gave the throne to this current emperor, and this led to the current troubles. The Duke of Tang is an honored relative of the imperial clan, and he did not dare to sit by watching for the state to fail, and therefore he rose in righteousness, wanting to depose the improper emperor. He is willing to enter the capital with the soldiers of you, Great Khagan. If you do so, the people and the land will belong to the Duke of Tang, but the money, silk, gold, and treasures will be yours, Great Khagan.Shibi was pleased, and while he was not wholeheartedly willing to support Li Yuan, he nevertheless sent his general Kangqiaoli (
康 鞘 利 ) Tegin with 2,000 men to accompany Liu back south, as Li Yuan had already marched south toward Chang'an, and he also gave Li Yuan 1,000 horses. Li Yuan, who wanted Tujue horses more than Tujue soldiers, was pleased and praised Liu for his skills at diplomacy.[3] Khagan's brother Ashina Chiji (阿 史 那 叱 吉 ) was appointed to accompany Tang army to Changan.
Commander of Wuyuan county Zhang Cangxun (张长逊) submitted to Shibi Qaghan in 618 and was created Koli Tegin.[6]
In spring 618, Shibi Khagan sent his ambassador Kutlug Tegin (
In February 619, Shibi Khagan was planning to launch a major incursion into Chinese territory and he had Liu Wuzhou to join him. After passing into Xia territory, Liang Shidu also joined him. However, he soon died during campaign near Taiyuan.
Family
editShibi Khagan was the father of Ashina Shibobi (
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Vol.187 of Zizhi Tongjian indicate that Shibi Khagan died in the leap 2nd month of the 2nd year of the Wu'de era of Tang Gaozu's reign; the month corresponds to 22 Mar to 19 Apr 619 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ a b Xiong (2006), p. 213.
- ^ a b c d Ahmet., Taşağil (1995–2004). Gök-Türkler. Atatürk Kültür, Dil, ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu (Turkey). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975161113X. OCLC 33892575.
- ^ Xiong (2006), pp. 63–64.
- ^ Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 182. (in Chinese)
- ^ Zhizhi Tongzhian, vol 185
- ^ Cefu Yuangui, vol 109.
Bibliography
edit- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2006), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 9780791482681.