(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Visa requirements for Australian citizens - Wikipedia
Wikipedia

Visa requirements for Australian citizens

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Australia entering with an Australian passport.

An Australian passport

As of 2024, Australian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the Australian passport 5th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements for the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country. For example, that a prospective entrant has no criminal history or health issues, or that there is evidence of sufficient funds or of a ticket for exit.

Visa requirements map

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Visa requirements for Australian citizens holding ordinary passports
  Australia
  Freedom of Movement (Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement; Visa not required)
  Visa not required / ESTA / eTA
  Visa issued upon arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

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Each country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. Rules for visits by ordinary passport holders are as follows:

Country / Region Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity [Note 1]
  Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  • Visa in advance for visitors to Afghanistan must be applied.
  • Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens to not visit Afghanistan.[3]
 √
  Albania Visa not required[4] 90 days X
  Algeria Visa required[5]
  • Processing time for a tourist visa to Algeria upon 14 working days is mandatory.
 √
  Andorra Visa not required[6] 90 days √
  Angola Visa not required[7] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[8]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[9]
  • An International Certificate of Vaccination is required.
 X
  Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[10] 1 month X
  Argentina Visa not required[11] 90 days X
  Armenia Visa not required[12] 180 days X
  Austria Visa not required[13] 90 days √
  Azerbaijan eVisa[15][16] 30 days X
  Bahamas Visa not required[17] 3 months X
  Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] 14 days X
  Bangladesh Visa on arrival[19] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[20]
 X
  Barbados Visa not required[21] 6 months X
  Belarus Visa not required[22] 30 days X
  Belgium Visa not required[23] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. Additionally bilateral agreement permits 2 months on top of this.
 √
  Belize Visa not required[24] 30 days X
  Benin eVisa[25][26] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 X
  Bhutan eVisa[27][28]
  • Visa approved via tour operators only.
 √
  Bolivia Visa not required[29] 90 days X
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[30] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 X
  Botswana Visa not required[31] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period.
 X
  Brazil Visa not required / eVisa[32][33] 90 days
  • Brazilian authorities have announced that Australian citizens will require a visa beginning April 10, 2025.[34]
 X
  Brunei Visa on arrival[35] 30 days X
  Bulgaria Visa not required[36] 90 days √
  Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[37][38] X
  Burundi Visa on arrival[39] 1 month Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Burundi.[40] √
  Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[41][42] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.
 X
  Cameroon eVisa[43][44]
  • A tax for a visa on internal flights must be obtained upon arrival into Cameroon.
 √
  Canada Visa not required[45] 6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[46]
 √
  Cape Verde Visa on arrival[47]
  • Not available at all entry points.[48]
 X
  Central African Republic Visa required[49]
  • A letter of invitation to the Central African Republic must be applied in advance for 2 weeks upon planned date of travel.
  • Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Central African Republic.[50]
 √
  Chad Visa required[51] Due to the significant risk of terrorism, kidnapping, crime and civil unrest, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Chad.[52] √
  Chile eVisa[53][54] 90 days X
  China Visa not required[55] 15 days X
  Colombia Visa not required[60] 90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.
 X
  Comoros Visa on arrival[61] 45 days X
  Republic of the Congo Visa required[62]
  • Visa and invitation letters approved via tour operators only.
 √
  Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[63][64] 7 days
  • Visa on arrival at Ndjili International Airport if a letter of invitation (Visa volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security is conferred.
 √
  Costa Rica Visa not required[65] 90 days X
  Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[66][67] 3 months X
  Croatia Visa not required[68] 90 days √
  Cuba eVisa[69] 90 days
  • Visitors travelling to Cuba can purchase a tourist card at the Cuban embassy or nearest travel agent that sells authorized cards.
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 √
  Cyprus Visa not required[70] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 √
  Czech Republic Visa not required[71] 90 days √
  Denmark Visa not required[72] 90 days √
  Djibouti eVisa[73][74] 90 days X
  Dominica Visa not required[75] 6 months X
  Dominican Republic Visa not required[76] 90 days X
  Ecuador Visa not required[77] 90 days[78] X
  Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[79][80] 30 days X
  El Salvador Visa not required[81] 3 months X
  Equatorial Guinea eVisa[82][83] 30 days √
  Eritrea Visa required[84]
  • A tourist visa for Australian citizens is issued for a stay of 1 month from arrival to Eritrea.
 √
  Estonia Visa not required[85] 90 days √
  Eswatini Visa not required[86] 30 days[78] X
  Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[87] up to 90 days X
  Fiji Visa not required[90] 4 months X
  Finland Visa not required[91] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
 √
  France Visa not required[92] 90 days √
  Gabon eVisa[93][94] 90 days X
  Gambia Visa not required[95] 90 days X
  Georgia Visa not required[96] 1 year X
  Germany Visa not required[97] 90 days √
  Ghana Emergency entry visa / Visa on arrival[99]
  • Visitors staying longer than 60 days are required to extend their visas at the Immigration Service.
 √
  Greece Visa not required[100] 90 days √
  Grenada Visa not required[101] 3 months X
  Guatemala Visa not required[102] 90 days X
  Guinea eVisa[103][104] 90 days X
  Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[105] 90 days X
  Guyana Visa not required[106] X
  Haiti Visa not required[107] 3 months X
  Honduras Visa not required[108] 3 months X
  Hungary Visa not required[109] 90 days √
  Iceland Visa not required[110] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
 √
  India eVisa[111][112] Up to 90 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 3] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 4][113]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[114]
 X
  Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[115] 30 days[116]
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 X
  Iran eVisa[117][118] 30 days
  • Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's e-Visa website. and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.[119]
 X
  Iraq eVisa / Visa on arrival[120][121] 60 days Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Iraq.[122] √
  Ireland Visa not required[123] 3 months √
  Israel Visa not required[124] 3 months
  • Entry refused to anyone who "knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel."[125]
 X
  Italy Visa not required[126] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
 √
  Jamaica Visa not required[127] 30 days X
  Japan Visa not required[128][129][130][131] 90 days √
  Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[132][133] 30 days
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
 X
  Kazakhstan Visa not required[134] 30 days X
  Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[135][136] 3 months
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[137]
 X
  Kiribati Visa not required[138] 120 days X
  North Korea Visa required[139]
  • Visitors traveling for tourist purposes must hold an authorization to travel, issued by a travel company in Korea (Dem. People's Rep.).
  • Independent travellers must be accompanied by a tour guide at all times.
 √
  South Korea Electronical Travel Authorization[140][141] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[142]
 √
  Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[143][144] 3 months X
  Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[145] 60 days
  • A single or multiple tourist or business e-visa for 90 days is also available.[146]
 X
  Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[147] 30 days X
  Latvia Visa not required[151] 90 days √
  Lebanon Free visa on arrival[152] 1 month
  • Visa extendible for 2 additional months.
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 X
  Lesotho Visa not required[153] 14 days X
  Liberia Visa required[154]
  • Pre-approved visa letter valid for 14 days from date of issuance is mandatory.
  • Must extend visa within 30 days of arrival at the immigration office on Broad Street, regardless of visa validity.
 √
  Libya eVisa[155][156] Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Libya.[157] √
  Liechtenstein Visa not required[158] 90 days √
  Lithuania Visa not required[159] 90 days √
  Luxembourg Visa not required[160] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
 √
  Madagascar Visa on arrival[161] 60 days X
  Malawi Visa not required[162] 30 days X
  Malaysia Visa not required[163] 3 months √
  Maldives Free visa on arrival[164] 30 days[78] X
  Mali Visa required[165]
  • An average processing time for a tourist visa to Mali upon 3-15 working days is mandatory.
 √
  Malta Visa not required[166] 90 days √
  Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[167] 90 days X
  Mauritania Visa on arrival[168] X
  Mauritius Visa not required[169] 90 days X
  Mexico Visa not required[170] 180 days X
  Micronesia Visa not required[171] 30 days X
  Moldova Visa not required[172] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 X
  Monaco Visa not required[173] √
  Mongolia Visa not required[174] 30 days
  • The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia has exempted visas for 34 countries from January 2023 to December 2025.[175]
 √
  Montenegro Visa not required[176] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 X
  Morocco Visa not required[177] 3 months X
  Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[178][179] 30 days
  • Travelers must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry.
 X
  Myanmar eVisa[180][181] 28 days Due to ongoing civil unrest and armed conflict, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Myanmar.[182] X
  Namibia Visa not required[183] 3 months X
  Nauru Visa required[184]
  • Criminal record and medical fitness certificates are not required for Australian citizens.[185]
  • Australian citizens are given 7 days to pay a fee AUえーゆー$50 per day in procedure for an application of a new visa to Nauru.
 √
    Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[186] 90 days[187] X
  Netherlands Visa not required[188] 90 days √
  New Zealand Visa not required[189] Indefinitely √
  Nicaragua Visa not required[194] 90 days X
  Niger Visa required[195] √
  Nigeria eVisa[196][197] 90 days
  • Visa not required for Nigerian-born citizens.
 √
  North Macedonia Visa not required[198] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 X
  Norway Visa not required[199] 90 days √
  Oman Visa not required / eVisa[203][204] 14 days / 30 days X
  Pakistan eVisa[205] 90 days
  • Issued free of charge as of August 2024.
 X
  Palau Free visa on arrival[206] 30 days X
  Panama Visa not required[207] 90 days X
  Papua New Guinea eVisa[208][209] 30 days X
  Paraguay Visa not required[210] 90 days X
  Peru Visa not required[211] 90 days X
  Philippines Visa not required[212] 30 days X
  Poland Visa not required[213] 90 days √
  Portugal Visa not required[214] 90 days √
  Qatar Visa not required[215][216] 30 days X
  Romania Visa not required[217] 90 days √
  Russia Visa required[218]
  • Process in tourist visas for stays with a period of 30 days is acquired.
 √
  Rwanda Visa not required[219] 30 days
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[137]
 X
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[220] 3 months X
  Saint Lucia Visa not required[221] 6 weeks X
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[222] 3 month X
  Samoa Visa not required[223] 60 days X
  San Marino Visa not required[224] 90 days √
  São Tomé and Príncipe[225][226] eVisa X
  Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[227][228] 90 days
  • Non-Muslim residents are prohibited from visiting Mecca and its holy sites. Other religious places may also be restricted to Non-Muslim people.
 X
  Senegal Visa on arrival[229] 90 days X
  Serbia Visa not required[230] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 X
  Seychelles Electronic Border System[231][232] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 X
  Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[233][234] 3 months / 30 days X
  Singapore Visa not required[235] 90 days √
  Slovakia Visa not required[236] 90 days √
  Slovenia Visa not required[237] 90 days √
  Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[238] 3 months X
  Somalia Visa on arrival[239] Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Somalia.[240] X
  South Africa Visa not required[241] 90 days X
  South Sudan eVisa[242][243]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 X
  Spain Visa not required[244] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
 √
  Sri Lanka Electronic Travel Authorization[245][246] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[247]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 X
  Sudan Visa required[248]
  • Visa on arrival if holding letter of invitation registered in the Sudan with a pre-approval from the Foreign Affairs.
  • Registration for a visa is obligatory within 3 days of arrival. It can be completed at entry ports.
  • Visa not required for Sudanese-born citizens.
 √
  Suriname Visa not required[249][250] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[251]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[252]
 X
  Sweden Visa not required[253] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries. (except other Nordic countries)
 √
   Switzerland Visa not required[254] 90 days √
  Syria eVisa[255][256] Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Syria.[257] √
  Tajikistan Visa not required[258] 30 days
  • e-Visa also available.[259]
  • e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
 X
  Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[260][261] 90 days X
  Thailand Visa not required[262] 60 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 X
  Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[263] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[264]
 X
  Togo eVisa[265][266] 15 days X
  Tonga Free visa on arrival[267] 31 days X
  Trinidad and Tobago Visa on arrival[268] 30 days X
  Tunisia Visa not required[269] 3 months X
  Turkey eVisa[270][271] 90 days
  • Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.
 X
  Turkmenistan Visa required[272]
  • 10-day visa on arrival if holding a letter of invitation provided by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Foreign Ministry.
 √
  Tuvalu Visa on arrival[273] 1 month[78] X
  Uganda eVisa[274][275] 3 months
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[137]
 X
  Ukraine Visa not required[276] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 X
  United Arab Emirates Visa not required[277] 30 days
  • May apply using 'Smart Service'.
 X
  United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Visa not required[278] 6 months
  • Visa also not required if holder has UK ancestry clearance visa.
  • Adults can use ePassport gates.[279]
 √
  United States Visa Waiver Program[280][281] 90 days
  • ESTA is valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.[282]
  • ESTA is also required when entering the country by cruise ship or land.[283]
  • Visa required if Nationals of VWP countries who have travelled or been present in Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen at any time on or after 1 March 2011 (with limited exceptions), or those who have travelled or being present in Cuba at any time on or after 12 January 2021, or nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Iraq, Syria, Iran, North Korea or Sudan.
 √
  Uruguay Visa not required[284] 3 months X
  Uzbekistan Visa not required[285] 30 days X
  Vanuatu Visa not required[286] 30 days[78] X
  Vatican City Visa not required[287] √
  Venezuela Visa not required[288] 90 days Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Venezuela.[289] X
  Vietnam eVisa[290][291] 30 days
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 X
  Yemen Visa required[292] Due to safety concerns, Australian government advises its citizens not to visit Yemen.[293] √
  Zambia Visa not required[294] 30 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 X
  Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[295][296] 30 days
  • Strictly tourism purposes only.
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia. e-Visa available.
 X

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

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Unrecognized countries
Territory Conditions of access Notes
  Abkhazia Visa required[297] Letter for an entry permit upon arrival into Abkhazia is mandatory from 3 working days.
  Kosovo Visa not required[298] 90 days
  Northern Cyprus Visa not required[299] 3 months
  Palestine Visa not required[300] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[301]
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[302][303]
  South Ossetia Visa required[304] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[305][306]
  Taiwan Visa not required[307][308] 90 days; May enter using eGate.[309]
  Transnistria Visa not required[310] Registration required after 24 hours.[311][312]
Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
China
  Hong Kong Visa not required[313] 90 days
  Macau Visa not required[314] 30 days
Denmark
  Faroe Islands Visa not required[315]
  Greenland Visa not required[316]
Finland
  Åland Islands Visa not required[317] 3 months
France
  French Guiana Visa not required[318] 3 months
  French Polynesia Visa not required[319] 90 days within 180 days
  French West Indies Visa not required Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
  Mayotte Visa not required[320] 3 months
  New Caledonia Visa not required[321] 3 months
  Réunion Visa not required[322] 3 months
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[323] 3 months
  Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[324] 3 months
Netherlands
  Aruba Visa not required[325] 30 days, extendable to 180 days
  Caribbean Netherlands Visa not required[326] 90 days. Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
  Curaçao Visa not required[327] 90 days
  Sint Maarten Visa not required[328] 90 days
New Zealand
  Cook Islands Visa not required[329] 31 days
  Niue Visa not required[330] 30 days
  Tokelau Visa required[331] Processing time for a tourist visa compulsory from 3–4 days.
United Kingdom
  Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa not required[332] Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.[333]
  Anguilla Visa not required[334] 3 months
  Bermuda Visa not required[335] Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.
  British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[336]
  British Virgin Islands Visa not required[337] 30 days, extensions possible
  Cayman Islands Visa not required[338] 6 months
  Falkland Islands Visa not required[339] A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.[340]
  Gibraltar Visa not required[341]
  Montserrat Visa not required[342] 6 months
  Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[343][344][345]
  Ascension Island eVisa 3 months within any year period.[346][347]
  Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[348]
  Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[349]
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[350][351]
  Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[352] 90 days
United States
  American Samoa Electronic authorization[353] 30 days
  Guam Visa not required[354] 45 days
  Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[355] 45 days
  Puerto Rico Visa not required[356] Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
  U.S. Virgin Islands Visa not required[357] Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for   Bouvet Island,   British Antarctic Territory,   French Southern and Antarctic Lands,   Argentine Antarctica,   Australian Antarctic Territory,   Chilean Antarctic Territory,   Heard Island and McDonald Islands,   Peter I Island,   Queen Maud Land,   Ross Dependency.[358][359][360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367][368][369]
Other territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
  Belarus
Brest and Grodno 		Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[370]
  China
Hainan 		Visa not required[371] 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
  China
Tibet Autonomous Region 		TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 USD).[372][373]
  Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[374]
  Ecuador
  Galápagos 		Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[375]
  Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[376]
  Greece
  Mount Athos 		Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[377][378]
  India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh.
Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[379][380][381]
  Iran
Kish Island 		Visa not required Tourists for Kish Island do not require a visa.[382]
  Iraqi Kurdistan eVisa You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.[383]
  Fiji
Lau Province 		Special permission required Special permission required.[384]
  France
Clipperton Island 		Special permit required Special permit required.[385]
  Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[386]
  North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
  Malaysia
Sabah and Sarawak 		Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[387]
  Maldives outside Malé Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[388]
  Norway
Jan Mayen 		Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[389] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[390]
  Norway
Svalbard 		Visa not Required Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty.
  Novorossiya Restricted area Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[391]
  Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[392]
  Sudan outside Khartoum Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
  Sudan
Darfur 		Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[393]
  Tajikistan
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province 		OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[394][395][396]
  UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[397] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
  Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
  UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
  United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[398][399][400][401][402][403][404]
  Venezuela
Margarita Island 		Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[405]
  Vietnam
Phú Quốc 		Visa not required 30 days[406]
  Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[407]

Reciprocity issues

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Some countries regard Australia's requirement for obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) prior to travel as being equivalent to offering visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory.

The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,[408] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".[409] However, the United States has required from January 2009 a similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called a visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorisation, therefore the US allows visa-free travel for Australians.

As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.[410] Other ETA eligible countries and territories including Canada,[411] Hong Kong,[412] Malaysia,[413] Singapore,[414] South Korea (90 days)[415] and Taiwan (90 days)[416] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.[417]

Additional rules

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Visa exemptions for Schengen states

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A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)

edit

The Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.[418] However, amendments are under consideration to restrict exit from the Schengen area only through the territory of the Member State which is a Contracting Party to the bilateral agreement and the authorities of which have extended the stay.[419]

Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:

Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country.

If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a 6-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months

edit
Main article: Visa policy in the European Union

Australian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.[435]

In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[436]

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)

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In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit.

Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).

In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.

  Austria allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.[437][438]

The   Czech Republic allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days.[439] Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014.[440]

  Germany permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).[441][442]

  Estonia permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.[443] Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.[444]

  Hungary allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).[445]

  Latvia permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).[446]

  Netherlands exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.[447]

  Norway permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.[448]

Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom

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Australian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

  • they do not work during their stay in the UK
  • they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
  • they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
  • they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
  • they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area[449]
  • if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK[450]

However, even though, strictly speaking, they are not required to apply for a visa if they satisfy all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK if they:

  • have any unspent criminal convictions in any country
  • have previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
  • have previously applied for a visa and been refused one
  • have been warned by a UK official that they should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Australian citizens who were born before 1983 [citation needed] and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.

Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.

In June 2021, the Australian and UK governments announced that their reciprocal working holiday scheme would soon be expanded to allow citizens of both countries aged 18 to 35 live and work in the other country for up to three years. These changes are expected to either in 2023 or by mid-2024 at the latest.[451]

Visa exemption for New Zealand

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By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:[452]

  • they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
  • they have no criminal convictions
  • they have no untreated tuberculosis
  • they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country

Travel ban

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Further information: Australian passport

It is an offence for Australians to travel or remain in Declared Areas.

APEC Business Travel Card

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  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[453]

1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[454]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
  • Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Consular protection of Australian citizens abroad

edit
 
Diplomatic missions of Australia

There are currently over 100 Australian missions overseas. In some countries Australians may also receive consular assistance from Canadian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement.

See also: List of diplomatic missions of Australia

Foreign travel statistics

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This section is transcluded from Australian passport. (edit | history)

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Australian visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Data for 2017
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Data for 2016
  4. ^ a b Data for 2013
  5. ^ Data for 2011
  6. ^ a b c Data for arrivals by air only.
  7. ^ Data for 2012
  8. ^ a b c d Data for 2014
  9. ^ a b Data for 2009
  10. ^ Data for 2018
  11. ^ Data for arrivals by air only.
  12. ^ Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).

Non-visa restrictions

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This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

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Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[568] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

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Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
 
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[569] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[570]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[571][572]

Passport validity length

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Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[573][574] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[575]

Some countries, such as Japan,[576] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[577] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[578] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[579] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[580] Philippines,[581] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[582]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[583] and South Africa.

Criminal record

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Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[584] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

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The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[585]

Israeli stamps

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Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[586] Lebanon,[587] Libya,[588] Syria,[589] and Yemen[590] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

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See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[591]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[592][593] Argentina,[594] Brunei, Cambodia,[595] China,[596] Ethiopia,[597] Ghana, Guinea,[598] India, Japan,[599][600] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[601] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[602] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[603] Singapore, South Korea,[604] Taiwan, Thailand,[605] Uganda,[606] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[607][608][609] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[610]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[611] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[612][613]

See also

edit

References

edit
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  3. ^ "Afghanistan". Smartraveller.gov.au.
  4. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  5. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  8. ^ Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
  9. ^ "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
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  12. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  13. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
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  15. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  16. ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
  17. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  18. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  19. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  20. ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
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  26. ^ "Benin eVisa".
  27. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  28. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
  29. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  30. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  31. ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  32. ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
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  34. ^ "Brazil: Visa Requirement Date for Nationals of Australia, Canada and the United States Postponed".
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  39. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  41. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  48. ^ Obtainable at Nelson Mandela International Airport, Cesária Évora Airport, Amílcar Cabral International Airport and Aristides Pereira International Airport.
  49. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  51. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  53. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  55. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  58. ^ "144小しょう时过境免さかえめん签政策せいさく解かい读". nia.gov.cn.
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  65. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  68. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
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  72. ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
  75. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  77. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^ a b c d e Extendable length of stay.
  79. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  80. ^ "Egypt eVisa".
  81. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  84. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  89. ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  92. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ "Gabon eVisa".
  95. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
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  99. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  103. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  105. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  107. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  108. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  110. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  111. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  112. ^ "India eVisa".
  113. ^ e-Visa
  114. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  115. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  116. ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ "Iran eVisa".
  119. ^ "Visa on Arrival". evisa.mfa.ir.
  120. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  121. ^ "Iraq eVisa".
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  123. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  124. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  125. ^ "Israel parliament approves travel ban for supporters of BDS movement". The Independent. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  126. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
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