durus

See also: duruş

Ido

Verb

(deprecated template usage) durus

1. conditional of durar

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”), though there are semantic problems if the change "long" > "enduring" (see dūrō) is not accepted.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”), Old English trum (“trim, strong, firm”), Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruva, “firm, fixed”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈduː.rus/, [ˈd̪uːrʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈdu.rus/, [ˈd̪uːrus]

Adjective

1. hard, rough (of a touch)
2. harsh (of a taste)
3. hardy, vigorous
4. unyielding, unfeeling, stern
5. oppressive, severe

   • Dura lex, sed lex.

     The law is harsh but it is the law.

Declension

• comparative: dūrior, superlative: dūrissimus

Derived terms

• dūracinus
• dūricordia
• dūricorius
• dūritia

Related terms

• dūrābilis
• dūrābilitās
• dūrābiliter
• dūrāmen
• dūrāmentum
• dūrātor

• dūrātrīx
• dūrē
• dūrēscō
• dūritās
• dūriter
• dūrō

Descendants

• Catalan: dur
• Dalmatian: doir
• English: dure
• French: dur
• Friulian: dûr
• Galician: duro
• Istriot: doûro
• Italian: duro
• Ligurian: dûo
• Lombard: dür

• Middle Irish: dúr
  • Irish: dúr
  • Scottish Gaelic: dùr
    • Scots: dour
      • English: dour
• Norman: dû
• Portuguese: duro
• Romanian: dur
• Romansch: dir
• Sardinian: duru

• Sicilian: duru
• Spanish: duro
• Venetian: duro, dur
• Walloons: deur

References

• “durus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “durus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• durus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• durus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, 1st edition. (Oxford University Press)