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食う - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
しょく

Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

Etymology

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/kupu/ → */kuwu//kuu/

From Old Japanese.[1]

The medial /w/ vanishes because Japanese does not have a /wu/ phoneme. It surfaces though in various conjugations, such as the negative form kuwanai or the passive form kuwareru.

Possibly cognate with くち (kuchi, mouth).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止しゅうしがた)
Attributive (連体れんたいがた)
[kúꜜù]
Imperative (命令めいれいがた) [kúꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive われる われ [kùwáréꜜrù]
Causative わせる わせ [kùwáséꜜrù]
Potential える [kùéꜜrù]
Volitional おう [kùóꜜò]
Negative わない ない [kùwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective わなかった なかった [kùwáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal います いま [kùímáꜜsù]
Perfective った った [kúꜜttà]
Conjunctive って って [kúꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional えば えば [kúꜜèbà]

Verb

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しょく() (kuuくふ (kufu)?transitive godan (stem しょく() (kui), past しょく()った (kutta))

  1. to put something in one's mouth
  2. (men's speech, vulgar) to eat, to devour
    だれ(だれ)でもひる(ひる)にはめし(めし)しょく()
    Dare de mo hiru ni wa meshi o kuu.
    Everyone eats food at noon.
  3. to make a living, to live; to survive
  4. to tease, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of; to torment
  5. to bite, to sting (of an insect, usually used in the passive)
    昨晩さくばん(さくばん)は、()しょく()われた
    Sakuban wa, ka ni kuwareta.
    I got bitten by a mosquito last night.

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくごだい辞典じてん新装しんそうばん (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), しん明解めいかい国語こくご辞典じてん (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN