食 う
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
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く Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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Etymology
edit/kupu/ → */kuwu/ → /kuu/
From Old Japanese.[1]
The medial /w/ vanishes because Japanese does not have a /wu/ phoneme. It surfaces though in various conjugations, such as the negative form kuwanai or the passive form kuwareru.
Possibly cognate with
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「
食 う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal ( Attributive ( |
くう | [kúꜜù] | |
Imperative ( |
くえ | [kúꜜè] | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | くわれる | [kùwáréꜜrù] | |
Causative | くわせる | [kùwáséꜜrù] | |
Potential | くえる | [kùéꜜrù] | |
Volitional | くおー | [kùóꜜò] | |
Negative | くわない | [kùwáꜜnàì] | |
Negative perfective | くわなかった | [kùwáꜜnàkàttà] | |
Formal | くいます | [kùímáꜜsù] | |
Perfective | くった | [kúꜜttà] | |
Conjunctive | くって | [kúꜜttè] | |
Hypothetical conditional | くえば | [kúꜜèbà] |
Verb
edit- to put something in one's mouth
- (men's speech, vulgar) to eat, to devour
- to make a living, to live; to survive
- to tease, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of; to torment
- to bite, to sting (of an insect, usually used in the passive)
Conjugation
editConjugation of "食 う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | くわ | kuwa | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | くい | kui | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | くう | kuu | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | くう | kuu | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | くえ | kue | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | くえ | kue | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | くわれる | kuwareru | |
Causative | くわせる くわす |
kuwaseru kuwasu | |
Potential | くえる | kueru | |
Volitional | くおう | kuō | |
Negative | くわない | kuwanai | |
Negative continuative | くわず | kuwazu | |
Formal | くいます | kuimasu | |
Perfective | くった | kutta | |
Conjunctive | くって | kutte | |
Hypothetical conditional | くえば | kueba |
Synonyms
edit- (to eat):
食 べる (taberu),食 む (hamu); (honorific) 召し上 がる (meshiagaru) - (to tease, torment): 苛める (ijimeru), からかう (karakau)
- (insect bite):
刺 す (sasu)
Derived terms
editDerived terms
崩 ゆ,潰 ゆ, 壊ゆ (kuyu): obsolete for崩 える,潰 える, 壊える崩 ,潰 (kue): erosion崩 える,潰 える, 壊える (kueru): to erode, to be eaten away, to fall apart, to break桑 (kuwa): a mulberry- 銜う, 啣える,
咥 える (kuwau): obsolete for銜 える, 啣える,咥 える 加 う (kuwau): obsolete for加 える銜 える, 啣える,咥 える (kuwaeru): to hold in one's mouth加 える (kuwaeru): to add something, to increase or develop something; to inflict加 わる (kuwawaru): to increase, to grow; to be added on to something else; to join in蓼 食 う虫 も好 き好 き (tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki): there's no accounting for taste
References
editCategories:
- Japanese terms spelled with
食 read as く - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -u
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese men's speech terms
- Japanese vulgarities
- Japanese terms with usage examples