balsam
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm. Not related to balsa.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbalsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)
- (chiefly UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
- (chiefly UK) A plant or tree yielding such substance.
- (chiefly UK) A soothing ointment.
- (chiefly UK, figuratively) Something soothing.
- Classical music is a sweet balsam for our sorrows
- A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.
- The balsam family of flowering plants (Balsaminaceae), which includes Impatiens and Hydrocera.
- A balsam fir Abies balsamea.
- Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.
Synonyms
edit- (sweet-smelling oil): balm
- (plant or tree): balm
- (soothing ointment): balm
- (something soothing): balm
- (flowering plant of the genus Impatiens): jewelweed, impatiens, touch-me-not
Derived terms
edit- Abraham's balsam
- balsamaceous
- balsam apple
- balsamarium
- balsam Canada
- balsamed
- balsam fir
- balsamic
- balsamical
- balsamiferous
- Balsamina
- balsamint, balsam-mint
- Balsam Lake
- Balsam Lake
- balsam of Acouchi
- balsam of aniseed
- balsam of Copaiba
- balsam of fir
- balsam of Gilead
- balsam of Mecca
- balsam of Peru
- balsam of saturn
- balsam of steel
- balsam of sulfur, balsam of sulphur
- balsam of Tolu
- balsam oil
- balsam pear
- balsam poplar
- balsamroot
- balsam-tansy
- balsam tree
- balsamweed
- balsam willow
- balsamy
- Canada balsam
- friar's balsam
- garden balsam
- Himalayan balsam
- imbalsamation
- Mecca balsam
- Peruvian balsam
- Tolu balsam
- true balsam
- Turlington's balsam
- Umiri balsam
- Wade's balsam
- wild balsam apple
- yellow balsam
Related terms
editTranslations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
editVerb
editbalsam (third-person singular simple present balsams, present participle balsaming, simple past and past participle balsamed)
- (transitive) To treat or anoint with balsam.
Anagrams
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay balsam, from English balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbalsam (first-person possessive balsamku, second-person possessive balsammu, third-person possessive balsamnya)
- balsam: a sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
Alternative forms
edit- balsêm (superseded spelling)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “balsam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish balsam(m), balsaim(e), from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon).
Noun
editbalsam m (genitive singular balsaim)
Declension
edit
Bare forms:
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Forms with the definite article:
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Derived terms
edit- balsam buí m (“yellow balsam”)
- balsam gairdín m (“garden balsam”)
- balsam na manach m (“friar's balsam”)
- balsamach (“balmy”, adjective)
- balsamaigh (“embalm”, verb)
- balsamóir m (“embalmer”)
Mutation
editIrish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
balsam | bhalsam | mbalsam |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “balsam”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “balsam(m), balsaim(e)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Polish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin balsamum.[1][2][3] First attested in the 15th century.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbalsam m animacy unattested
- balm (any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[2], page 25:
- Tamo roskoszna wonia cinamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego roskosznego kwiecia
- [Tamo rozkoszna wonia cynamona i balsama (cum nardo balsamus) i wszego rozkosznego kwiecia]
- wild mint, Mentha arvensis
- 1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[3], number 2246:
- Balsam menta crispa
- [Balsam menta crispa]
- basil thyme, Clinopodium acinos
- 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[4], number 731:
- Balsan menta
- [Balsan menta]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Related terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Polish: balsam
References
edit- ^ Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “balsam”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “balsam”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “balsam”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “balsam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish balsam.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈbal.sam/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbal.sɒm/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -alsam
- Syllabification: bal‧sam
Noun
editbalsam m inan
- balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)
- Hypernym: żywica
- (cosmetics, medicine, pharmacology) lotion, balm (a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to skin)
- (historical, Egyptology) embalming substance
- (figuratively) balsam, balm (something soothing)
Declension
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
edit- balsam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- balsam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “balsam, Balsamus”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Dorota Adamiec (10.07.2018) “BALSAM, BALZAM, BAŁZAM, *BAŁSAM”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “balsam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 88
Romanian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin balsamum. Appears since 17th century. Probably entered Romanian through multiple routes, with the most common form from Italian balsamo, or through use in old medicinal practice. A now archaic variant form valsam derived from Greek βάλσαμο (válsamo). Cf. also German Balsam.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editbalsam n (plural balsamuri)
Derived terms
editReferences
editSwedish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Swedish balsam, from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon), likely from a Semitic source. Compare Hebrew בֹּשֶׂם (bōśem, “perfume”) and Arabic بَشَام (bašām).
Noun
editbalsam n or c
- balsam (sweet-smelling oil)
- hair conditioner
- Synonym: hårbalsam
- (figurative) balm, balsam (something soothing)
- balsam för själen ― comfort
Declension
editDeclension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamet | balsam | balsamen |
Genitive | balsams | balsamets | balsams | balsamens |
Declension of balsam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | balsam | balsamen | balsamer | balsamerna |
Genitive | balsams | balsamens | balsamers | balsamernas |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- balsam in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- balsam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms derived from Semitic languages
- English terms derived from Hebrew
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- British English
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- en:Conifers
- en:Ericales order plants
- en:Gums and resins
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Indonesian terms derived from Semitic languages
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Latin
- Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- ga:Medicine
- Irish first-declension nouns
- ga:Materials
- ga:Plants
- Old Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Old Polish learned borrowings from Latin
- Old Polish terms derived from Latin
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- zlw-opl:Gums and resins
- zlw-opl:Mints
- zlw-opl:Menthinae subtribe plants
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/alsam
- Rhymes:Polish/alsam/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Cosmetics
- pl:Medicine
- pl:Pharmacology
- Polish terms with historical senses
- pl:Ancient Egypt
- pl:Gums and resins
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Italian
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/am
- Rhymes:Romanian/am/2 syllables
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish nouns with multiple genders
- Swedish terms with usage examples