ich

See also: Ich, ICH, ích, ịch, -ich, and -ich-

Translingual

Symbol

ich

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Etkywan.

See also

• Wiktionary's coverage of Etkywan terms

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, iċċ (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”). See also ch-, I.

Alternative forms

• Iche, che, 'ch-, ch-

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iːt͡ʃ/, /ɪt͡ʃ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːtʃ, -ɪtʃ
• Homophones: each, itch

Pronoun

ich

1. (personal, obsolete) I.
   • 1529, John Skelton, Elynour Rummyng:

     "Behold," she sayd, "and se How bright I am of ble! Ich am not cast away, That can my husband say, [...]"

   • 1561, John Awdelay, The fraternitye of vacabondes:

     My maysters, ich am an old man, and halfe blinde, […]

   • 1568, Thomas Howell, Arbor of Amitie:

     With cap and knee, ich will serve thee, what should ich more declare.

   • 1578, George Whetstone, The right, excellent and famous Historye of Promos and Cassandra:

     Kissyng and lying ich see is all one:
     And chave no mony, chul tell true therfore.

   • 1645, Thomas Davies, The Somersetshire Man's Complaint:

     Dost thinke 'chill labor to be poore, No no, ich haue a-doe..Ich will a plundering too.

   • [1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Ich”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:

     Ich, a Word us'd for I in the Weſtern Parts of England.]

Usage notes

Ich was the form of I found in the dialects of the West Country, West Midlands, and Kent. It began to disappear from written English with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century, yet continued to see limited use until the middle of the 19th century.

The Northern dialectal form, ik (which derives from the same Old English root), likewise disappeared from writing with the onset of the Chancery Standard in the 15th century.

Derived terms

• nich
• chill (“I will”)
• cham (“I am”)

See also

• chinny reckon
• ich-laut (from the German cognate)

Etymology 2

Clipping of ichthyophthiriasis.

Alternative forms

• ick

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪk/

Noun

ich (uncountable)

1. (ichthyology) Ichthyophthiriasis, a parasitic infection of freshwater fish caused by ciliates of genus Ichthyophthirius.
   • 1996, Edward J. Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, Iowa State University Press (2000), →ISBN, page 95:

     Ich is one of the most common diseases of freshwater fish.

Derived terms

• marine ich

Anagrams

• IHC, Chi., Ch'i, chi, ch'i, CIH, Chi, hic, CHI, HCI

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• i
• ig (Bern)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik. Cognate with German ich, Dutch ik, English I, ich, Icelandic ég.

Pronunciation

• (Lower Alemannic (Northern Alsace)) IPA^(key): /iʃ/, /eʃ/, /iː/ (i is the unstressed pronoun, used after the verb, as in hiit hàw i dìs g'màcht (today I have done this), but it is always ìch before the verb, never i)
• (Higher Alemannic (Southern Alsace)) IPA^(key): /ix/, /ex/, /iː/ (unstressed)
• (Zürich) IPA^(key): /ix/, /i/ (unstressed), IPA^(key): [ɪːx] (stressed)

Pronoun

ich

1. I

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• eich (Moselle Franconian, stressed)
• ech (some dialects of Ripuarian; Moselle Franconian, unstressed, enclitic)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

The expected form is ech; the variant ich is from a form *īh with expressive lengthening (compare the corresponding diphthong in Moselle Franconian).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iɕ/, [iɕ]
  • IPA^(key): [eɕ] → [əɕ] → [ɕ] (unstressed; enclitic before a consonant)
  • IPA^(key): [ij] (enclitic before a vowel)
• The enclitic pronunciation is used after verbs and conjunctions (unless the pronoun is stressed).

Pronoun

ich

1. (some dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch) I; nominative of the first-person singular personal pronoun

   Dat senn ich op däm Fotto.

   That’s I (or: me) in this photo.

Declension

Ripuarian (regional forms: Aachen [A], Cologne [C]; reduced or unstressed forms: red.):

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ich	du do; Do [C] de (red.)	hä e (red.)	sei, sie se (red.)	it het [A] et, 't, -'t (red.)
Dative	mir meer [C] mer (red.) [A] = acc.	dir deer; Deer [C] der (red.) [A] = acc.	im höm [A] em (red.)	ihr ehr [C] hör [A] (or = nom.) er (red.)	im höm [A] (or = nom.) em (red.)
Accusative	mich	dich; Dich	in en (red.) [A] = dat.	= nom. [A] = nom. or dat.	= nom.
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	mir meer [C] mer (red.) vir [A], ver (red.)	ühr ehr; Ehr [C] er (red.)	sei, sie se (red.)
Dative	us, uns os, ons [A]	üch; Üch	inne hön, hönne [A] (or = nom.) en (red.)
Accusative	= dat.	= dat.	= nom.

In other dialects:

• ät (“it”) (Düren)

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• i (Luserna)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.

Pronoun

ich

1. (Sette Comuni) I

Inflection

Cimbrian personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular		ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
	polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar, ar	in, en	iime
	f	zi, ze		iar
	n	es, is	es, 's	iime
1st person plural		bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural		iart, iartàndare, artàndare	òich, ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural		ze, zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

References

• “ich” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
• 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Sette Comuni / Siben Komoinen: Le nostre parole – D’ögnar börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
• 2013, Umberto Patuzzi (ed.), Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole – Ünsarne börtar – Unsere Wörter, Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Crimean Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ich

1. I
   • 1589, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, letter:

     Ich malthata. Ego dico.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

East Central German

Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

Pronoun

ich

1. (Silesian, also Breslauisch) I

Declension

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ihch; ich	du; de Du; De	er; a' är; a	sie, se, -'sche (after r), s', s'-	es; 's, -'s, -s (less common), -'sch (after r), -sch (after r, less common)
Dative	mir; mer	dir; der Dir (especially after prepositions and at the beginning of a sentence/clause); Der	ihm; i'm, im	ihr; i'r, ir	[Term?]
Accusative	mihch; mich	dihch; dich Dihch; Dich	ihn; i'n	sie, se, -'sche (after r)	es; 's, -'s, -s (less common), -'sch (after r), -sch (after r, less common)
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	bir (bier); ber	ihr; i'r	sie, se, s', s'-
Dative	uns, üns üns	euch	ihn'n; i'n'n, i'n
Accusative	uns, üns üns	euch	se

• sie/se and es can be contracted into s'e's (= SHG: sie es)

See also

other personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns:

• mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
• dei; Dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
• ihr (3rd ps. sg. fem. possessive pronoun)
• unser, ünser / ünser (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun)
• Ihr; Euch (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.)
• Sie; Ihn'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.)
• sihch, sich / sich (reflexive pronoun)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Silesian, also Gebirgsschlesisch) I

Declension

Gebirgsschlesisch:

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	iech; ich	du; de Du;	a	sie, se	es; -'s, -s (merged with a preceding s into ß as in iß (SHG: ist es) from is, biß (SHG: bis es) from bis), -sch (after r)
Dative	mir; merr, mer	dir; derr, der Dir;	ihm	ihr
Accusative	miech; mich	diech; dich Diech;	ihn;	se	es; -'s, -s (merged with a preceding s into ß as in iß (SHG: ist es) from is, biß (SHG: bis es) from bis), -sch (after r)
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	mirr, mir; merr, mer	ihr	sie, se
Dative	ins	euch	a
Accusative	ins	euch	se

Additionally there are:

• sa (= SHG: sie ihn)
• sa (= SHG: es ihnen)
• marn (= SHG: wir ihn)
• mida (= SHG: mit ihnen; from mit (“with”))

Also:

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	iech; ich	du; de Du; De	är; a	sie, se	es; 's, -'s, -'sch (after r)
Dative	mir; mer	dir; der Dir; Der	ihm; i'm	ihr; i'r
Accusative	miech; mich	diech; Diech;	i'n	se	es; 's, -'s, -'sch (after r)
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	bier; ber		sie, se
Dative	üns (uns)	(euch)
Accusative	üns (uns)	(euch)	se

Additionally there are:

• Ihr, I'r; Eich (Euch) (grammatically: 2nd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg. or pl.)
• Sie, Se; I'n (grammatically: 3rd ps. pl.; semantically: 2nd ps. sg.)

Notes:

• The forms uns, euch, Euch are rare, and could arguably be mistakes or misprints influenced by SHG uns, euch.

See also

possessive and reflexive pronouns - Gebirgsschlesisch:

• mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
• dei (2nd ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
• insa (1st ps. pl. possessive pronoun)
• siech (reflexive pronoun)

possessive and reflexive pronouns - also:

• ünser (1st ps. pl.)
• sich (reflexive pronoun)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Silesian, Gebirgsschlesisch) I

Declension

• Nominative: ich
• Dative: mir; mer
• Accusative: mich

See also

other personal and possessive pronouns:

• mei (1st ps. sg. possessive pronoun)
• du, de; dir, der; dich; dei (2nd ps. sg.)
• a; ihm; ihn (3rd ps. sg. m.)
• -'s, -s, -'sch (after r as in mer'sch) (3rd ps. sg. n.)
• sei (3rd ps. sg. m. & n. possessive pronoun)
• se (3rd ps. sg. f.)
• ihr (3rd ps. sg. f. possessive pronoun)
• mer; ins; ins; inser (1st ps. pl.)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Silesian) I

Declension

• Nominative: ich
• Dative: mir; mer
• Accusative: miech; mich

See also

• Du, De; Dir, Der; Diech, Dich (2nd ps. sg.)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Obererzgebirge, Salzungen, Ruhla) I

Declension

Obererzgebirge:

• Nominative: ich
• Dative: mir
• Accusative: mich

Salzungen:

• Nominative: ich
• Dative: me
• Accusative: mich

Ruhla:

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ich	dåu, de	hä̂, ä, e	sü̂, se	es
Genitive					s'n
Dative	mäi, me	däi, de	ü̂n, ün, en	ü̂r, er	ü̂n, ün, en
Accusative	mich	dich	ü̂n, ün, en	sü̂, se	es
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	mäi, me	å̈ü	sü̂, se
Genitive	onser	å̈ürer	ürner, örner, er
Dative	ons	ü̂ch, üch	ün, en
Accusative	ons	ü̂ch, üch	sü̂, se

Alternative forms

• ig (mer, mig) (Obererzgebirge)

References

• Die Ruhlaer Mundart dargestellt von Karl Regel.   Weimar, Hermann Boehlau. 1868

Pronoun

ich

1. (Oberlausitz, Altenburg, Mansfeld, Niederlausitz) I

Declension

Oberlausitz, Altenburg:

• Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch
• Dative: mir
• Accusative: mich

Mansfeld:

• Nominative: ich; -'ch, 'ch
• Dative: mich
• Accusative: mich

Niederlausitz:

• Nominative: ich; -'ich (as in hua-'ich = SHG habe ich), -ich (as in hua-ich = SHG habe ich)
• Dative: merr
• Accusative: merr

See also

• du (2nd ps. sg.)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Nord-Thüringisch, Wasungen, Erzgebirgisch) I

Declension

Erzgebirge:

• Nominative: îch, ich
• Dative: mir, mr
• Accusative: mîch, mich

Nord-Thüringisch:

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	iche, ich;	duu; de	hee; he	sie; se	es; 's
Dative	mich; me	dich;	een; 'n	eer; er	; 'n
Accusative	mich; me	dich;	een; 'n	sie; se	es; 's
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	mie; me	die; de	sie; se
Dative	uns;	uch;	; 'n
Accusative	uns;	uch;	sie; se

Separated by semicolon are: strong/normal form ; weak/enclitic form

Wasungen:

	1st Person Singular	2nd Person Singular	3rd Person Singular
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	īch, ich	dūe, du, də	hǟ, hä, ə	sǖə, sü, sə	äs, əs, s
Genitive	is usually paraphrased		sən	ər, ərə	sən
Dative	mīə, mə	dīə, də	ün, ən	ǖər, ər	ün, ən
Accusative	mīch, mich	dīch, dich	ün, ən	sǖə, sü, sə	äs, əs, s
	1st Person Plural	2rd Person Plural	3rd Person Plural
Nominative	mīə, mi, mə	ǖə, ü, ə	sǖə, sü, sə
Genitive	is always paraphrased		ər, ərə
Dative	ons, also onz	æ̊üch, ı̣ch	ün, ən
Accusative	ons, also onz	æ̊üch, ı̣ch	sǖə, sü, sə

See also

Erzgebirge:

• mr (1st ps. pl.)
• ihr; eich (2nd ps. pl.)

Nord-Thüringisch:

• sich (reflexive pronoun)

Pronoun

ich

1. (Alzenau) I

See also

• ech

References

• Idioticon der nord-thüringischen Mundart. – Den Bürgern Nordhausens gewidmet von Dr. Martin Schultze.   Nordhausen. Verlag von Ferd. Förstemann. 1874
• Schriften des Vereins für Sachsen-Meiningische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 71. Heft. Inhalt: Die Wasunger Mundart, 2. Teil. Von Kirchenrat Edinhard Reichardt in Meiningen.   Hildburghausen. F. W. Gadow & Sohn, Herzogliche Hofbuchdruckerei. 1914
• Marek Dolatowski (2015) “Pochodzenie etnolektu hałcnowskiego w świetle fonetyki i fonologii historycznej”, in Badania diachroniczne w Polsce (in Polish)
• Marek Dolatowski (2013) “Słownictwo hałcnowskie jako odbicie historii etnolektu i historii wsi”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish)
• Marek Dolatowski (2013) “Słowniczek polsko-hałcnowski”, in Kwartalnik Językoznawczy (in Polish)

East Franconian

Pronoun

ich

1. I

German

Alternative forms

• Ich (royal)

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪç/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

• Homophone: Ich
• Rhymes: -ɪç

Pronoun

ich

1. I (first person singular nominative (subject) pronoun)

Declension

German personal pronouns

	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar1	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar1	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
			m	f	n
nominative	ich	du -e2	er	sie -se2	es	wir	ihr	sie -se2	Sie Ihr3
genitive	meiner mein3	deiner dein3	seiner sein3	ihrer	seiner sein3	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer3
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch3
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se2	es	uns	euch	sie -se2	Sie Euch3

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.    ²enclitic, colloquial    ³archaic

In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even there. They may be used:

• for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Er erbarmte sich meiner. – "He had mercy on me". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
• with certain adjectives or prepositions that govern the genitive, such as statt ("instead of, in place of"): Er kam statt meiner in die Mannschaft. – "He joined the team in my place." This sounds antiquated, and an meiner Statt or an meiner Stelle is preferable (in which case meiner is not a genitive, but a form of the possessive determiner mein).

Derived terms

• Ich n
• lyrisches Ich n

Further reading

• “ich” in Duden online
• “ich” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

Alternative forms

• eich

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iç/

Pronoun

ich

1. I

   Ich sin en Fraa.

   I am a woman.

   Ich komme fun de Fabrick.

   I'm coming from the factory.

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Further reading

• Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “ich”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 80

Hutterisch

Pronoun

ich

1. I

Jakaltek

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *iihk.

Noun

ich

1. chili pepper

References

• Church, Clarence, Church, Katherine (1955) Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano‎^[1] (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 18; 24

Limburgish

Alternative forms

• iech, ik
• iich (Eupen)
• ech (Southeast Limburgish)

Etymology

From Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik.

Pronunciation

• (most dialects) IPA^(key): [ɪx]
• (Maastrichtian) IPA^(key): [ix]

Pronoun

ich (personal)

1. I

Inflection

	Singular	Dual	Plural
nominative	ich, 'ch	weet	weer, veer, v'r
genitive	miener, miens	ózzer	ózzer
locative	miches	ózzes	ózzes
dative	mir	ós	ós
accusative	mich	ós	ós

Luo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪ̀c/

Noun

ich

1. stomach

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /itʃ/

Pronoun

ich

1. Alternative form of I

Usage notes

• Ich is the Southern and sometimes Midland form of I in Middle English, which corresponds to ik of the Northern dialect.

Etymology 2

Determiner

ich

1. Alternative form of ech

Pronoun

ich

1. Alternative form of ech

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German ih.

Pronoun

ich

1. (personal) I

Inflection

Middle High German personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative
Singular	First		ich	mīn	mir	mich
	Second		du, dū	dīn	dir	dich
	Third	Masculine	ër CG hë(r)	sīn	im(e)	in
		Feminine	siu	ir(e)	ir(e)	sie
		Neuter	ëȥ CG iȥ, it	es	im(e)	ëȥ CG iȥ, it
Plural	First		wir	unser	uns	uns, unsich
	Second		ir	iuwer	iu, iuch	iuch
	Third	Masculine	sie	ir(e)	in	sie
		Feminine
		Neuter	siu			siu
The distinction of the forms siu and sie as shown above is typical of earlier Upper German texts, but was never general. The forms sī and si existed additionally and all four were increasingly used without differentiation.

Descendants

• Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
  • Sensler: [iː]
  • Swabian: i
    • Sathmar Swabian: i
• Bavarian: i
  • Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
  • Gottscheerish: iχかい, ī, i (unstressed); iχかいχかいe (emphatic)
  • Mòcheno: i
• Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
  • Hunsrückisch: äijsch
    • Hunsrik: ich [ɪç]
  • Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ]
  • Kölsch: ich
• East Central German:
  • Erzgebirgisch: iech
  • Silesian East Central German: iech
  • Upper Saxon German: isch, ische
• East Franconian: i, iech
• German: ich
• Luxembourgish: ech
• Rhine Franconian:
  • Hessian: aisch
  • Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç]
• Vilamovian: ych
• Yiddish: איך (ikh), ich

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih. Compare German ich, Dutch ik, English I, Old Norse ek.

Pronoun

ich

1. I

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				m	f	n
nominative	ich	du de1	dihr der1 Sie	er	sie se1	es	mir mer1	dihr der1	sie
dative	mir mer1	dir der1	eich Ihne Ne1	ihm em1	ihre re1	ihm em1	uns	eich	ihne ne1
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en1	sie se1	es			sie

¹unstressed   

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jixъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eiša, from Proto-Indo-European *éysom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈix/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ix
• Syllabification: ich

Pronoun

ich (indeclinable)

1. possessive pronoun for oni or one, namely their or theirs

Pronoun

ich

1. genitive of oni; them
2. genitive of one; them
3. personal masculine accusative of oni; them

See also

• nich
• Appendix:Polish pronouns

Further reading

• ich in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ich in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Rhine Franconian

Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

Pronoun

ich

1. (Kassel) I

See also

• Du; De (“you (singular)”)

Slovak

Alternative forms

• nich, ne (after prepositions)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ix]

Pronoun

ich (indeclinable)

1. (possessive) their, theirs

Pronoun

ich

1. genitive/accusative of oni and ony

Related terms

Slovak personal pronouns

		substantive		possessive
		singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person		ja	my	môj	náš
2nd person	familiar	ty	vy	tvoj	váš
	polite	vy		váš
3rd person	m	on	oni*／ony	jeho	ich
	f	ona		jej
	n	ono		jeho
reflexive		seba, sa (clitic)		svoj
* masculine animate only, ony otherwise.

Further reading

• “ich”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Swabian

Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

Pronoun

ich

1. (possibly less common) I
   • 1863, Jakob Friedrich Schmidt, Gedichte in schwäbischer Mundart von J. F. Schmidt:
     • p. 16:

       Daß iar aber it moinet, i dä gar nix dett doba, so habe ich nothwendig Euch zu sagen, daß dau Arbet gnug geit, [...]

       Ich habe zwar nicht nothwendig Euch zu sagen, warum i net mitturna dua, abr [...]

     • P 30:

       „Herr Fürst,“ haut do der Pfortner gsait,
       „Ich habs verstekt da nei,
       Denn da kommt ebn die ganze Zeit
       Kei eiz'ger Mensch nich rei!“

     • P 46:

       Darum will ich ihm iatz deuta,
       Daß mir ganz mit Heaz und Händ
       Alles Loid und alle Freuda
       Redlich mit ihm thoila wend.

Declension

• Nominative: ich (less common); i
• Dative: mir
• Accusative: mi

Alternative forms

• i', i

Descendants

• Sathmar Swabian: i

See also

• Du, dat. Dir, acc. Di (“you (singular)”)
• -s (“it, enclitic”)

Pronoun

ich

1. dative and accusative of ihr (“you (plural)”)

Transylvanian Saxon

Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

Pronoun

ich

1. I

Volga German

Pronoun

ich

1. I

Yola

Alternative forms

• Ich

Etymology

From Middle English ich, from Old English iċ, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Compare obsolete English ich.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪt͡ʃ/

Pronoun

ich

1. I
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:

     Ich woul ich had.

     I wish I had.

   • 1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

     A portion ich gae her, was (it's now ich have ee-tolth)

     The portion I gave her was (it's now I have told)

   • 1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 110, lines 5-6:

     If ich hadh Peeougheen a Buch, Meyleare a Slut, Peedher Ghiel-laaune, an Jackeen Bugaaune,

     If I had Hugh the Buck, Meyler the Sloven, Peter the Smart Man, and John Boggan,

Synonyms

• 'ch- (clitic)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 47

Yucatec Maya

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *Haty.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈit͡ʃ]

Noun

ich (plural ichoʼob)

1. eye
2. face
3. fruit

References

• Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 164: “Ich ssssss s ssss Ojo.”
• Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 59

Zipser German

Etymology

Cognate to German ich.

Pronoun

ich

1. I