iudico

Latin

Etymology

From iūdex +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯uː.di.koː/, [ˈi̯uːd̪ɪkoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.di.ko/, [ˈjuːd̪iko]

Verb

iūdicō (present infinitive iūdicāre, perfect active iūdicāvī, supine iūdicātum); first conjugation

(law) to examine judicially, judge, pass judgement, decide; condemn
Synonyms: accūsō, crīminor, condemnō, reprehendō, damnō
(in general) to judge; proclaim; determine, conclude; adjudge

Conjugation

Conjugation of iūdicō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iūdicō	iūdicās	iūdicat	iūdicāmus	iūdicātis	iūdicant
	imperfect	iūdicābam	iūdicābās	iūdicābat	iūdicābāmus	iūdicābātis	iūdicābant
	future	iūdicābō	iūdicābis	iūdicābit	iūdicābimus	iūdicābitis	iūdicābunt
	perfect	iūdicāvī	iūdicāvistī	iūdicāvit	iūdicāvimus	iūdicāvistis	iūdicāvērunt, iūdicāvēre
	pluperfect	iūdicāveram	iūdicāverās	iūdicāverat	iūdicāverāmus	iūdicāverātis	iūdicāverant
	future perfect	iūdicāverō	iūdicāveris	iūdicāverit	iūdicāverimus	iūdicāveritis	iūdicāverint
	sigmatic future¹	iūdicāssō	iūdicāssis	iūdicāssit	iūdicāssimus	iūdicāssitis	iūdicāssint
passive	present	iūdicor	iūdicāris, iūdicāre	iūdicātur	iūdicāmur	iūdicāminī	iūdicantur
	imperfect	iūdicābar	iūdicābāris, iūdicābāre	iūdicābātur	iūdicābāmur	iūdicābāminī	iūdicābantur
	future	iūdicābor	iūdicāberis, iūdicābere	iūdicābitur	iūdicābimur	iūdicābiminī	iūdicābuntur
	perfect	iūdicātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iūdicātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iūdicātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iūdicem	iūdicēs	iūdicet	iūdicēmus	iūdicētis	iūdicent
	imperfect	iūdicārem	iūdicārēs	iūdicāret	iūdicārēmus	iūdicārētis	iūdicārent
	perfect	iūdicāverim	iūdicāverīs	iūdicāverit	iūdicāverīmus	iūdicāverītis	iūdicāverint
	pluperfect	iūdicāvissem	iūdicāvissēs	iūdicāvisset	iūdicāvissēmus	iūdicāvissētis	iūdicāvissent
	sigmatic aorist¹	iūdicāssim	iūdicāssīs	iūdicāssīt	iūdicāssīmus	iūdicāssītis	iūdicāssint
passive	present	iūdicer	iūdicēris, iūdicēre	iūdicētur	iūdicēmur	iūdicēminī	iūdicentur
	imperfect	iūdicārer	iūdicārēris, iūdicārēre	iūdicārētur	iūdicārēmur	iūdicārēminī	iūdicārentur
	perfect	iūdicātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iūdicātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	iūdicā	—	—	iūdicāte	—
active	future	—	iūdicātō	iūdicātō	—	iūdicātōte	iūdicantō
passive	present	—	iūdicāre	—	—	iūdicāminī	—
passive	future	—	iūdicātor	iūdicātor	—	—	iūdicantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		iūdicāre	iūdicāvisse	iūdicātūrum esse	iūdicārī	iūdicātum esse	iūdicātum īrī
participles		iūdicāns	—	iūdicātūrus	—	iūdicātus	iūdicandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		iūdicandī	iūdicandō	iūdicandum	iūdicandō	iūdicātum	iūdicātū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Aromanian: giudic, giudicari
Catalan: jutjar
Corsican: ghjudicà
Extremaduran: hulgal
Old French: jugier
- French: juger
- Bourguignon: jugé
- Franc-Comtois: djudgie
- Norman: jugier, jugi (Jersey)
- → English: judge
Old Leonese: julgar
- Asturian: xulgar
- →? Old Galician-Portuguese: julgar
  - Galician: xulgar
  - Portuguese: julgar
Old Galician-Portuguese: juygar
Friulian: judicâ
Italian: giudicare
- → Ladin: giudicher
- → Romansch: giudicar
- → Sardinian: giudicai, giudicare, giudigare, zudigare
Neapolitan: jodecare
Occitan: jutjar
Piedmontese: giudiché
Romanian: judeca, judecare
Romansch: giuditgar, giuditgear, güdichar
Sardinian: iudicare (medieval)
Sicilian: judicari
Spanish: juzgar
Venetan: xudegar
Walloon: djudjî
→ Albanian: gjykoj
→ English: judicate
→ Spanish: judicar

References

“iudico”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
iudico in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re
- to judge some one equitably: aequum iudicem se alicui praebere
- to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor): causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem)
- to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re)
- (ambiguous) to challenge, reject jurymen: iudices reicere (Verr. 3. 11. 28)