werden
Dutch
editPronunciation
editVerb
editwerden
- inflection of worden:
Anagrams
editGerman
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German wërden, from Old High German werdan, from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną. Cognate with Dutch worden, obsolete English worth, Swedish varda, Norwegian Nynorsk verta, and also with Latin vertō (“to turn”).
The use as a passive auxiliary is old and found throughout West Germanic, whereas the use as a future auxiliary is a Middle High German innovation. It originated in inchoative constructions with the present participle: er wirt lachende (“he starts laughing, is about to laugh, will laugh”). Since the 14th century, the participle was increasingly replaced with the infinitive, probably by analogy with the older future auxiliaries wollen (“will”) and sollen (“shall”). These latter were displaced by werden in Modern German, but survive dialectally.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editwerden (irregular, third-person singular present wird, past tense wurde or (archaic) ward, past participle geworden or (as an auxiliary) worden, past subjunctive würde, auxiliary sein)
- (auxiliary, past participle geworden) will; to be going to; forms the future tense [with bare infinitive ‘do something’]
- Ich werde nach Hause gehen.
- I will go home.
- (auxiliary, subjunctive) would; forms the subjunctive tense of most verbs [with bare infinitive ‘do something’]
- (auxiliary, past participle worden) to be done; forms the passive voice [with past participle]
- Das Buch wird gerade gelesen. (present tense)
- The book is being read.
- Ich wurde in Europa geboren. (preterite tense)
- I was born in Europe.
- Er war geschlagen worden. (past perfect tense)
- He had been beaten.
- (copulative, past participle geworden) to become; to get; to grow; to turn
- Es wird heißer.
- It's getting hotter.
- for one to begin or come to feel or experience [with dative ‘for someone’ and predicate adjective ‘a certain state’]
- Usage: In this sense werden is always conjugated in the third person singular and takes a dative noun. The impersonal subject es may be present, but is often taken as implied. (See the usage note for a similar meaning of sein.)
- Wird dir kalt? ― Are you getting cold?
- Den Kindern wird langweilig. ― The children are getting bored.
- Von Mayonnaise wird mir schlecht.
- Mayonnaise makes me sick.
- (literally, “From mayonnaise I become sick.”)
- (copulative, colloquial) to be; to happen; to occur (in the future)
- Wir werden zusammen glücklich.
- We will be happy together.
- Was wird aus mir?
- What will become of me?
- (colloquial) to be acceptable; to function correctly; to have the desired result or effect
- Das wird so nichts.
- It will not work like that.
- Synonyms: klappen, funktionieren
Conjugation
editinfinitive | werden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | werdend | ||||
past participle | geworden worden1 | ||||
auxiliary | sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich werde | wir werden | i | ich werde | wir werden |
du wirst | ihr werdet | du werdest | ihr werdet | ||
er wird | sie werden | er werde | sie werden | ||
preterite | ich wurde ich ward2 |
wir wurden | ii | ich würde | wir würden |
du wurdest du wardst2 |
ihr wurdet | du würdest | ihr würdet | ||
er wurde er ward2 |
sie wurden | er würde | sie würden | ||
imperative | werd (du) werde (du) |
werdet (ihr) |
1As an auxiliary.
2Archaic.
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “werden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “werden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “werden” in OpenThesaurus.de
- “werden (with past participle ''worden'')” in Duden online
- “werden (with past participle ''geworden'')” in Duden online
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch werthan, from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editwerden
Inflection
editStrong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | werden | |
3rd sg. past | wart | |
3rd pl. past | worden | |
Past participle | geworden | |
Infinitive | werden | |
In genitive | werdens | |
In dative | werdene | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | werde | wart |
2nd singular | werts, werdes | worts, wordes |
3rd singular | wert, werdet | wart |
1st plural | werden | worden |
2nd plural | wert, werdet | wort, wordet |
3rd plural | werden | worden |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | werde | worde |
2nd singular | werts, werdes | wordes |
3rd singular | werde | worde |
1st plural | werden | worden |
2nd plural | wert, werdet | wordet |
3rd plural | werden | worden |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | wert, werde | |
Plural | wert, werdet | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | werdende | geworden |
Alternative forms
edit- worden (late)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- “werden (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “werden (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle High German
editEtymology
editInherited from Old High German werdan, from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną. Cognate with Dutch worden and obsolete English worth (“to become”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editwërden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present wirdet, past tense wart, past participle worden, past subjunctive würde, auxiliary sīn)
- to become
Conjugation
editinfinitive | wërden | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | wërdennes wërdenes | ||||
dative gerund | wërdenne wërdene | ||||
present participle | wërdende | ||||
past participle | worden | ||||
auxiliary | sīn | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich wirde | wir wërden | i | ich wërde | wir wërden |
du wirdest | ir wërdet | du wërdest | ir wërdet | ||
ër wirdet | sie wërdent | ër wërde | sie wërden | ||
preterite | ich wart | wir wurden | ii | ich würde | wir würden |
du würde | ir wurdet | du würdest | ir würdet | ||
ër wart | sie wurden | ër würde | sie würden | ||
imperative | wirt (du) | wërdet (ir) |
Descendants
edit- Alemannic German: wërde
- Swabian: werra
- Central Franconian: wääde, wääre (Moselle Franconian, but in limited use)
- German: werden
- Luxembourgish: wäerten
- Pennsylvania German: waerre
- Yiddish: ווערן (vern)
References
edit- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “werden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Middle Low German
editEtymology
editFrom Old Saxon wērthan (“to become”), from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną.
Pronunciation
edit- Stem vowel: ê²
- (originally) IPA(key): /wɛːrdən/ or IPA(key): /wærdən/
- While the combination /rd/ originally lengthened the vowel in Old Saxon, in several Middle Low German dialects it was treated like a geminate, or had actually become /r/, and in turn shortened long vowels occurring before it. Further, the vowel was shortened before /rt/ from final obstruent devoicing. Dialects then often begun to apply the more common vowel length across all forms.
Verb
editwêrden or werden
- to become
- auxiliary verb used to form the passive
Conjugation
editPlain Infinitive | werden | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Full Infinitive (Gerund) | tô werdene or tô werdende | |||
Verbal Noun | werden or werdent | |||
Participles | Imperatives | |||
Present | werdende | 2nd Person Singular | wert | |
Past | geworden | 2nd Person Plural | werdet | |
Indicative | Subjunctive | |||
Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite | |
1st Person Singular | werde | wart | werde | wörde |
2nd Person Singular | werdest or wertst | wordest or wördest | werdest | wördest |
3rd Person Singular | werdet or wert | wart | werdet | wörde |
Plural | werden (werdet?) | worden or wörden | werden | wörden |
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrdən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrdən/2 syllables
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
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- German lemmas
- German verbs
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- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German auxiliary verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German copulative verbs
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- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch verbs
- Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
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- Middle High German verbs using sīn as auxiliary
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Low German lemmas
- Middle Low German verbs
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