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Volcano Islands: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 24°46′N 141°18′E / 24.767°N 141.300°E / 24.767; 141.300
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{{Short description|Group of Japanese-governed islands in Micronesia}}
{{Distinguish|volcanic island}}
{{Distinguish|Volcanic island}}

{{Infobox islands
{{Infobox islands
| name = Volcano Islands
| name = Volcano Islands
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| map_image = Ogasawara LocationVolcanoIs.PNG
| map_image = Ogasawara LocationVolcanoIs.PNG
| map_caption = Location in the Pacific
| map_caption = Location in the Pacific
| coordinates = {{coord|24|46|N|141|18|E|type:isle_region:JP_dim:200000|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|46|N|141|18|E|type:isle_region:JP_dim:200000|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| etymology =
| location = [[Pacific Ocean]]
| location = [[Pacific Ocean]]
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| length_footnotes =
| length_footnotes =
| width_km = <!-- or |width_m= -->
| width_km = <!-- or |width_m= -->
| width_footnotes =
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| coastline_km = <!-- or |coastline_m= -->
| coastline_km = <!-- or |coastline_m= -->
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| country_1_capital =
| country_1_capital =
| country_1_largest_city_type =
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| country_1_largest_city =
| country_1_largest_city =
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| country_1_capital_and_largest_city =
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{{multiple image
{{multiple image
| align = right
| align = right
| image1 = Nishinoshima_Island,_Ogasawara_Tokyo_Aerial_photograph._December_1,_2018.jpg
| image1 = 20160725nishinoshima_80cm.jpg
| width1 = 180
| width1 = 180
| alt1 =
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The {{Nihongo|'''Volcano Islands'''|火山列島かざんれっとう|Kazan Rettō}} or {{nihongo|'''Iwo Islands'''|硫黄列島いおうれっとう|Iō-rettō}} are a group of three [[Japan]]ese [[List of islands of Japan|islands]] south of the [[Ogasawara Islands]] that belong to the municipality of [[Ogasawara, Tokyo|Ogasawara]], [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]], Japan.<ref name="n"/><ref name="c"/> The islands are all active [[volcano]]es lying atop an [[island arc]] that stretches south to the [[Marianas]]. They have an area of {{convert|32.55|km2|mi2}}, and a population of 380. The island of [[Iwo Jima]] in the Volcano Islands lies about {{convert|1240|km}} southeast of [[Miyazaki]].<ref>{{Google maps | url =https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Miyazaki,+Japan/24.766667,141.3/@27.588796,133.7763721,1226489m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!4m7!1m5!1m1!1s0x3538b5f6c768a27b:0xd4ce23b1878ee7d!2m2!1d131.4202196!2d31.9077285!1m0?hl=en | accessdate =1 February 2020}}</ref>
The {{Nihongo|'''Volcano Islands'''|火山列島かざんれっとう|Kazan Rettō}} or {{nihongo|'''Iwo Islands'''|硫黄列島いおうれっとう|Iō-rettō}} are a group of three [[List of islands of Japan|Japanese-governed islands]] in [[Micronesia]]. They lie south of the [[Ogasawara Islands]] and belong to the [[Ogasawara Subprefecture|municipality of Ogasawara, Tokyo]], [[Tokyo|Tokyo Metropolis]], Japan.<ref name="n"/><ref name="c"/> The islands are all active [[volcano]]es lying atop the [[Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc]] that stretches south to the [[Marianas]]. They have an area of {{convert|32.55|km2|mi2}}, and a population of 380. The island of [[Iwo Jima]] in the Volcano Islands lies about {{convert|1240|km|nmi mi|0}} southeast of [[Miyazaki (city)|Miyazaki]].<ref>{{Google maps | url =https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Miyazaki,+Japan/24.766667,141.3/@27.588796,133.7763721,1226489m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!4m7!1m5!1m1!1s0x3538b5f6c768a27b:0xd4ce23b1878ee7d!2m2!1d131.4202196!2d31.9077285!1m0?hl=en | access-date =1 February 2020}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
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*{{Nihongo|[[South Iwo Jima|Minami Iwo Jima]]|南硫黄島みなみいおうじま|Minami-Iō-jima / Minami-Iō-tō|extra=literally ''South Sulphur Island''}} {{convert|3.54|km2|mi2}}, {{Convert|916|m|ft}}
*{{Nihongo|[[South Iwo Jima|Minami Iwo Jima]]|南硫黄島みなみいおうじま|Minami-Iō-jima / Minami-Iō-tō|extra=literally ''South Sulphur Island''}} {{convert|3.54|km2|mi2}}, {{Convert|916|m|ft}}
Farther north but in the same volcanic arc is:
Farther north but in the same volcanic arc is:
*{{Nihongo|[[Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)|Nishino-shima]]|西之島にしのしま|extra=literally ''Western Island''}}, {{Convert|38|m|ft}}<ref name="n"/>
*{{Nihongo|[[Nishinoshima (Ogasawara)|Nishino-shima]]|西之島にしのしま|extra=literally ''Western Island''}}, {{convert|4.10|km2|mi2}}, {{Convert|200|m|ft}}<ref name="n"/>


There is a [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] [[North Field (Iwo Jima)|air base on Iwo Jima]] with a staff of 380. It is located in the village of Minami. Other than that, the islands are uninhabited.
There is a [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] [[Central Field (Iwo Jima)|air base on Iwo Jima]] with a staff of 380. It is located in the village of Minami. Other than that, the islands are uninhabited.

<gallery>
File:Kazan-retto.jpg|Satellite photo of the Volcano Islands (2004)
</gallery>

*[[Fukutoku-Okanoba]] Generally submerged volcano eruptions sometimes bring it above the surface.


== History ==
== History ==
The first recorded sighting by Europeans was in October 1543 by Spanish navigator [[Bernardo de la Torre]] on board of [[carrack]] ''San Juan de Letrán'' when trying to return from [[Sarangani]] to [[New Spain]].<ref name="brand"/> Iwo Jima was charted as Sufre, the old Spanish term for [[sulphur]].
The first recorded sighting by Europeans was in October 1543 by Spanish navigator [[Bernardo de la Torre]] on board of [[carrack]] ''San Juan de Letrán'' when trying to return from [[Sarangani]] to [[New Spain]].<ref name="brand"/> Iwo Jima was charted as Sufre, the old Spanish term for [[sulphur]].


The islands were uninhabited until 1889, when the two northern islands were settled by Japanese settlers from the [[Izu Islands]]. They were annexed by Japan in 1891.<ref name="n"/><ref name="c"/>
The islands were uninhabited in 1889 when the two northern islands were settled by Japanese settlers from the [[Izu Islands]]. They were annexed by Japan in 1891.<ref name="n"/><ref name="c"/> However, archeological evidence has revealed that islands of the greater [[Bonin Islands|Bonin archipelago]] were prehistorically inhabited by an unknown [[Micronesian people]].<ref name="history">[http://www.iwojima.jp/ogasa2.html 小笠原おがさわら・火山かざん(硫黄いおう)列島れっとうの歴史れきし]</ref>


The population was about 1,100 in 1939, distributed among five settlements: Higashi, Minami, Nishi, Kita and Motoyama (meaning "East", "South", "West", "North" and "Mountain of Origin", or central mountain) on Iwo Jima; and two settlements on Kita Iwo Jima: Ishino-mura ("Ishino village"; Ishino is a surname) and Nishi-mura ("West village"). The municipal administration office was located in Higashi until 1940, when the municipality was integrated into the administration of [[Ogasawara, Tokyo]].
The population was about 1,100 in 1939, distributed among five settlements: Higashi, Minami, Nishi, Kita and Motoyama (meaning "East", "South", "West", "North" and "Mountain of Origin", or central mountain) on Iwo Jima; and two settlements on Kita Iwo Jima: Ishino-mura ("Ishino village"; Ishino is a surname) and Nishi-mura ("West village"). The municipal administration office was located in Higashi until 1940 when the municipality was integrated into the administration of [[Ogasawara, Tokyo]].


Iwo Jima was the site of the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] in [[World War II]], and the island group came under the United States administration. The Volcano Islands were returned to Japanese administration in 1968.<ref name="n"/>
Iwo Jima was the site of the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]] in [[World War II]], and the island group came under the United States administration. The Volcano Islands were returned to Japanese rule in 1968.<ref name="n"/>

==Ecology==
{{main|Ogasawara subtropical moist forests}}
The Volcano Islands have a subtropical climate. They are part of the [[Ogasawara subtropical moist forests]] ecoregion and are home to unique and diverse plants and animals, including many [[endemism|endemic]] species. They have been recognised as forming an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]] because they support populations of [[red-tailed tropicbird]]s, [[Japanese wood pigeon]]s and [[Matsudaira's storm petrel]]s.<ref name=bli> {{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kazan-retto-islands-iba-japan|title= Kazan-retto islands|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 28 January 2021}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=


<ref name="c">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei |title=火山列島かざんれっとう |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |accessdate=2013-10-09 |year=2013 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=Japanese |trans-title=Volcano Islands |oclc=173191044 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=August 25, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="c">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei |title=火山列島かざんれっとう |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2013-10-09 |year=2013 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=ja |trans-title=Volcano Islands |oclc=173191044 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=August 25, 2007 }}</ref>


<ref name="brand">Brand, Donald D. ''The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations'' The American Geographical Society (New York, 1967) p.123.</ref>
<ref name="brand">Brand, Donald D. ''The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations'' The American Geographical Society (New York, 1967) p.123.</ref>


<ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) |title=火山列島かざんれっとう |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |accessdate=2013-10-09 |year=2013 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=Japanese |trans-title=Volcano Islands |oclc=153301537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=August 25, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) |title=火山列島かざんれっとう |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2013-10-09 |year=2013 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=ja |trans-title=Volcano Islands |oclc=153301537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=August 25, 2007 }}</ref>
}}
}}


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{{Ogasawara, Tokyo}}
{{Ogasawara, Tokyo}}


{{authority control}}

⚫
[[Category:Volcano Islands| ]]
[[Category:Bonin Islands]]
[[Category:Bonin Islands]]
[[Category:Izu-Bonin volcanic arc|Volcano_Islands]]
[[Category:Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc|Volcano_Islands]]
[[Category:Archipelagoes of Japan]]
[[Category:Archipelagoes of Japan]]
⚫
[[Category:Volcano Islands| ]]
[[Category:Islands of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Islands of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:1889 establishments]]
[[Category:1891 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Seabird colonies]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of the Nanpo Islands]]

Latest revision as of 11:01, 18 December 2023

Not to be confused with Volcanic island.
Volcano Islands
Native name:
火山列島かざんれっとう
Location in the Pacific
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates24°46′N 141°18′E / 24.767°N 141.300°E / 24.767; 141.300
Total islands3
Area32.55 km2 (12.57 sq mi)
Administration
Japan
PrefectureTokyo
SubprefectureOgasawara Subprefecture
VillageOgasawara
Demographics
Population380 (January 2008)
Kita Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima
Minami Iwo Jima
Nishinoshima

The Volcano Islands (火山列島かざんれっとう, Kazan Rettō) or Iwo Islands (硫黄列島いおうれっとう, Iō-rettō) are a group of three Japanese-governed islands in Micronesia. They lie south of the Ogasawara Islands and belong to the municipality of Ogasawara, Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan.[1][2] The islands are all active volcanoes lying atop the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc that stretches south to the Marianas. They have an area of 32.55 square kilometres (12.57 sq mi), and a population of 380. The island of Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands lies about 1,240 kilometres (670 nmi; 771 mi) southeast of Miyazaki.[3]

Geography

[edit]

The Volcano Islands are:

  • Kita Iwo Jima (北硫黄島きたいおうじま, Kita-Iō-jima / Kita-Iō-tō, literally North Sulphur Island), 5.57 square kilometres (2.15 sq mi), 792 metres (2,598 ft) (Sakaki-ga-mine)
  • Iwo Jima (硫黄いおう島とう, Iō-jima / Iō-tō, literally Sulphur Island), 20.60 square kilometres (7.95 sq mi), 166 metres (545 ft) (Suribachi-yama)
  • Minami Iwo Jima (南硫黄島みなみいおうじま, Minami-Iō-jima / Minami-Iō-tō, literally South Sulphur Island) 3.54 square kilometres (1.37 sq mi), 916 metres (3,005 ft)

Farther north but in the same volcanic arc is:

  • Nishino-shima (西之島にしのしま, literally Western Island), 4.10 square kilometres (1.58 sq mi), 200 metres (660 ft)[1]

There is a Japan Self-Defense Forces air base on Iwo Jima with a staff of 380. It is located in the village of Minami. Other than that, the islands are uninhabited.

  • Satellite photo of the Volcano Islands (2004)
    Satellite photo of the Volcano Islands (2004)
  • Fukutoku-Okanoba Generally submerged volcano eruptions sometimes bring it above the surface.

History

[edit]

The first recorded sighting by Europeans was in October 1543 by Spanish navigator Bernardo de la Torre on board of carrack San Juan de Letrán when trying to return from Sarangani to New Spain.[4] Iwo Jima was charted as Sufre, the old Spanish term for sulphur.

The islands were uninhabited in 1889 when the two northern islands were settled by Japanese settlers from the Izu Islands. They were annexed by Japan in 1891.[1][2] However, archeological evidence has revealed that islands of the greater Bonin archipelago were prehistorically inhabited by an unknown Micronesian people.[5]

The population was about 1,100 in 1939, distributed among five settlements: Higashi, Minami, Nishi, Kita and Motoyama (meaning "East", "South", "West", "North" and "Mountain of Origin", or central mountain) on Iwo Jima; and two settlements on Kita Iwo Jima: Ishino-mura ("Ishino village"; Ishino is a surname) and Nishi-mura ("West village"). The municipal administration office was located in Higashi until 1940 when the municipality was integrated into the administration of Ogasawara, Tokyo.

Iwo Jima was the site of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II, and the island group came under the United States administration. The Volcano Islands were returned to Japanese rule in 1968.[1]

Ecology

[edit]
Main article: Ogasawara subtropical moist forests

The Volcano Islands have a subtropical climate. They are part of the Ogasawara subtropical moist forests ecoregion and are home to unique and diverse plants and animals, including many endemic species. They have been recognised as forming an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because they support populations of red-tailed tropicbirds, Japanese wood pigeons and Matsudaira's storm petrels.[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "火山列島かざんれっとう" [Volcano Islands]. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. OCLC 153301537. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  2. ^ a b "火山列島かざんれっとう" [Volcano Islands]. Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2013. OCLC 173191044. Archived from the original on August 25, 2007. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  3. ^ "Volcano Islands" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  4. ^ Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society (New York, 1967) p.123.
  5. ^ 小笠原おがさわら・火山かざん(硫黄いおう)列島れっとうの歴史れきし
  6. ^ "Kazan-retto islands". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
[edit]
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