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{{Short description|Fifth month of the Islamic calendar}}
{{Muslimmonths}}
{{Infobox month
'''Jumada al-Awwal''' ({{lang-ar|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل}}, ''{{transl|ar|Jumādā al-ʾAwwal}}''), also known as '''Jumada al-Ula''' ({{lang-ar|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأُولَىٰ}}, ''{{transl|ar|Jumādā al-ʾŪlā}}'') or '''Jumada Ⅰ''', is the fifth month of the 12 [[lunar month]]s in the [[Islamic calendar]]. The month spans 29 or 30 days.
| image = Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]] was signed between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Russian Empire]] in this month
| native_name = {{Native name|ar|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل}}
| calendar = [[Islamic calendar]]
| num = 5
| days = 29-30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
| season =
| gregorian =
| holidays =
| prev_month = [[Rabiʽ al-Thani]]
| next_month = [[Jumada al-Thani]]
}}
{{IslamicMonths sidebar}}


The origin of the name is theorized by some as from the word ''jamād'' (<big>جماد</big>) meaning "arid, dry or rainless" - denoting the dry, parched land of, hence the dry months. The secondary name ''Jumādā al-Ūlā'' may possibly mean "to take charge with, commend, entrust, commit or care during the arid month".
'''Jumada al-Awwal''' ({{lang-ar|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل|Jumādā al-ʾAwwal|lit=The initial Jumada}}), also known as '''Jumada al-Ula''' ({{lang-ar|جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأُولَىٰ|Jumādā al-ʾŪlā|lit=The first Jumada}}), or '''Jumada I''', is the fifth month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. Jumada al-Awwal spans 29 or 30 days. The origin of the month's name is theorized by some as coming from the word ''jamād'' ({{lang-ar|جماد}}), meaning "arid, dry, or cold",<ref name="İÂ">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Günel |first1=Fuat |title=CEMÂZİYELEVVEL - An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam |date=1993 |encyclopedia=[[İslâm Ansiklopedisi|TDV Encyclopedia of Islam]] |isbn=978-97-53-89434-0 |page=319 |volume=7 (Cafer es-Sadik - Çiftçilik) |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cemaziyelevvel|lang=tr}}</ref> denoting the dry and parched land and hence the dry months of the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n calendar. ''Jumādā'' ({{lang-ar|جُمَادَىٰ}}) may also be related to a verb meaning "to freeze", and another account relates that water would freeze during this time of year. The secondary name ''Jumādā al-Ūlā'' may possibly mean "to take charge with, commend, entrust, commit or care during the arid or cold month".<ref name="İÂ" /> However, this explanation is rejected by some as Jumada al-Awwal is a lunar month that does not coincide with seasons as solar months do.


⚫
In Turkish, the name of the month is ''cemâziyelevvel'' ({{lang-ota|جماذی‌الاول|script=Arab}});<ref name=Redhousep513>{{cite book|author=Redhouse, J.W.|authorlink=J.W. Redhouse|title=REDHOUSE'S TURKISH DICTIONARY|year=1880|page=[https://archive.org/details/redhousesturkis00asgoog/page/n532 513]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n195 177]}}</ref> it was abbreviated as {{lang|ota|جا}} ''ca'' in [[Ottoman Turkish]].<ref name=Redhousep513/><ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n189 170]}}</ref>
However, this is rejected by some as it is a lunar month, which does not coincide with seasons as solars months do.

⚫
In [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], used in the [[Ottoman Empire]], the name was ''Jèmāzìyyu-'l-èvvel'',<ref name=Redhousep513>{{cite book|author=Redhouse, J.W.|authorlink=J.W. Redhouse|title=REDHOUSE'S TURKISH DICTIONARY|year=1880|page=[https://archive.org/details/redhousesturkis00asgoog/page/n532 513]}}</ref> or ''G̃émazi lèlèvvèl''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n195 177]}}</ref> In Turkish it was abbreviated ''Jā'',<ref name=Redhousep513/> or ''G̃a''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n189 170]}}</ref> In Turkish today the spelling is ''Cemaziyelevvel''.


==Timing==
==Timing==
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar calendar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[solar year]], Jumada al-Awwal migrates backwards throughout the seasons, during a cycle of about 33 solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Jumada al-Awwal are as follows (based on the Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia<ref>[http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia]</ref>):
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a purely [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[tropical year]], Jumada al-Awwal migrates backwards throughout the seasons in a cycle of about 33 solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Jumada al-Awwal are as follows (based on the [[Islamic calendar#Saudi Arabia's Umm al-Qura calendar|Umm al-Qura calendar]] of [[Saudi Arabia]]:<ref>[https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia]</ref>)


{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
|+Jumada al-Awwal dates between 2018&nbsp;and&nbsp;2022
|+Jumada al-Awwal dates between 2021&nbsp;and&nbsp;2025
|-
|-
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1439
|18 January 2018
|16 February 2018
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1440
|{{0}}7 January 2019
|{{0}}5 February 2019
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1441
|27 December 2019
|25 January 2020
|-
!scope="row"|1442
|16 December 2020
|13 January 2021
|-
|-
!scope="row"|1443
!scope="row"|1443
Line 41: Line 37:
|25&nbsp;November&nbsp;2022
|25&nbsp;November&nbsp;2022
|24&nbsp;December&nbsp;2022
|24&nbsp;December&nbsp;2022
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1445
|15&nbsp;November&nbsp;2023
|13&nbsp;December&nbsp;2023
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1446
|{{0}}3&nbsp;November&nbsp;2024
|{{0}}2&nbsp;December&nbsp;2024
⚫
|-
⚫
!scope="row"|1447
|{{0}}23 October 2025
|{{0}}21 November 2025
|}
|}


==Islamic Events==
==Islamic events==
* On 5 Jumada al-Awwal, [[Zainab bint Ali]] was born.
* On 5 Jumada al-Awwal, [[Zaynab bint Ali]] was born.
* On 8th Jumada al-Awwal, URS Sayyid Amir al-Kulal (RA) [[Amir Kulal]]
* On 8th Jumada al-Awwal, URS Sayyid Amir al-Kulal [[Amir Kulal]].
* On 10 Jumada al-Awwal 11AH, Fatima bint Muhammad (Fatima al-Zahra) beloved daughter of Prophet Muhammad died in Medina at the young age of 23 years according to Sunni Muslim sources.
* On 10 Jumada al-Awwal 11&nbsp;AH, [[Fatima]], daughter of [[Muhammad]], died in Medina at the young age of 23 years according to Sunni Muslim sources.
* On 12 Jumada al-Awwal 1188, the [[Ottoman Empire]] signed the [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]] which gave [[Russia]] jurisdiction over Christians in the empire
* On 13 Jumada al-Awwal 11&nbsp;AH, Fatima was buried by her husband [[Ali]].
* On 13 Jumada al-Awwal 11AH, Fatima bint Muhammad was buried by her husband Ali
* On 15 Jumada al-Awwal, [[Ali ibn Husayn]] was born.
* On 15 Jumada al-Awwal, [[Ali ibn Husayn]] (Zayn al-Abideen) was born.
* On 20 Jumada al-Awwal 857, [[Fall of Constantinople|Mehmed II conquered Constantinople]].

* On 20 Jumada al-Awwal 857, Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed II]] conquered [[Constantinople]]
== See also ==
* [[Jumada al-Thani]]


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]
*[https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]


{{IslamicMonths}}
{{IslamicMonths}}

Latest revision as of 03:57, 3 April 2024

Jumada al-Awwal
The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire in this month
Native nameجُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل (Arabic)
CalendarIslamic calendar
Month number5
Number of days29-30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
Islamic calendar
Months
  1. Muharram
  2. Safar
  3. Rabi' al-Awwal
  4. Rabi' al-Thani
  5. Jumada al-Awwal
  6. Jumada al-Thani
  7. Rajab
  8. Sha'ban
  9. Ramadan
  10. Shawwal
  11. Dhu al-Qadah
  12. Dhu al-Hijjah

Jumada al-Awwal (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأَوَّل, romanized: Jumādā al-ʾAwwal, lit. 'The initial Jumada'), also known as Jumada al-Ula (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ ٱلْأُولَىٰ, romanized: Jumādā al-ʾŪlā, lit. 'The first Jumada'), or Jumada I, is the fifth month of the Islamic calendar. Jumada al-Awwal spans 29 or 30 days. The origin of the month's name is theorized by some as coming from the word jamād (Arabic: جماد), meaning "arid, dry, or cold",[1] denoting the dry and parched land and hence the dry months of the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar. Jumādā (Arabic: جُمَادَىٰ) may also be related to a verb meaning "to freeze", and another account relates that water would freeze during this time of year. The secondary name Jumādā al-Ūlā may possibly mean "to take charge with, commend, entrust, commit or care during the arid or cold month".[1] However, this explanation is rejected by some as Jumada al-Awwal is a lunar month that does not coincide with seasons as solar months do.

In Turkish, the name of the month is cemâziyelevvel (Ottoman Turkish: جماذی‌الاول);[2][3] it was abbreviated as جا ca in Ottoman Turkish.[2][4]

Timing

[edit]

The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the tropical year, Jumada al-Awwal migrates backwards throughout the seasons in a cycle of about 33 solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Jumada al-Awwal are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia:[5])

Jumada al-Awwal dates between 2021 and 2025
AH First day (CE/AD) Last day (CE/AD)
1443 05 December 2021 03 January 2022
1444 25 November 2022 24 December 2022
1445 15 November 2023 13 December 2023
1446 03 November 2024 02 December 2024
1447 023 October 2025 021 November 2025

Islamic events

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Günel, Fuat (1993). "CEMÂZİYELEVVEL - An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (in Turkish). Vol. 7 (Cafer es-Sadik - Çiftçilik). p. 319. ISBN 978-97-53-89434-0.
  2. ^ a b Redhouse, J.W. (1880). REDHOUSE'S TURKISH DICTIONARY. p. 513.
  3. ^ Youssof, R. (1890). Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs. Constantinople. p. 177.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Youssof, R. (1890). Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs. Constantinople. p. 170.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia
[edit]
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