Oroch people: Difference between revisions

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{{distinguish|text=the related but distinct [[Oroqen people]] (of China) or [[Orok people]] (of Sakhalin Island)}}
{{distinguish|text=the related but distinct [[Oroqen people]] (of Khabarovsk Krai) or [[Orok people]] (of Sakhalin Island)}}
⚫
{{Expand Russian|Орочи|date=November 2010}}
{{Infobox ethnic group|
{{Infobox ethnic group|
|group=Orochs<br><small>Alternative names:<br>Nani</small>
| group = Orochs<br><small>Alternative names:<br>Nani</small>
| native_name = Нани
|image= SYBPOP.jpg
| image = SYBPOP.jpg
|caption = Oroch people (circa 1920)
| caption = Oroch people (circa 1920)
|population= 1,000 (est.)
| population = '''{{circa}} 1,000 (est.)'''
|popplace=
| popplace =
|region1 = {{flag|Russia}}
| region1 = {{flag|Russia}}:
*[[Khabarovsk Krai]]: 426
* {{flag|Khabarovsk Krai}}: 376
*[[Magadan Oblast]]: 126
* {{flag|Magadan Oblast}}: 94
*[[Sakhalin oblast]]: 42
* {{flag|Sakhalin Oblast}}: 17
*[[Primorsky krai]]: 24
* {{flag|Primorsky Krai}}: 16
|pop1 = 596
| pop1 = 527
|ref1 = <ref>[{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls |title=Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity |language=ru}}</ref>
| ref1 = <ref>{{cite web|url= https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |title=Russian Census 2021: Population by ethnicity |language=ru}}</ref>
|region2 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| region2 = {{flag|Ukraine}}
|pop2 = 288 [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|(2001)]]
| pop2 = 288 [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|(2001)]]
|ref2 =
| ref2 =
|langs= [[Oroch language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
|rels=[[Shamanism]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Buddhism]]
| langs = [[Oroch language]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| rels = [[Shamanism]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]], [[Buddhism]]
|related= [[Itelmen]], [[Evens]] , [[Koryaks]], [[Evenks]], [[Ulchs]], [[Nani people|Nanai]], [[Orok people|Orok]], [[Udege people|Udege]]
| related = [[Evens]], [[Evenks]], [[Ulchs]], [[Nani people|Nanai]], [[Orok people|Orok]], [[Udege people|Udege]]
}}
}}
[[File:Расселение орочей в ДФО по городским и сельским поселениям, в %.png|thumb|380px|Settlement of Orochs in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census]]
[[File:Расселение орочей в ДФО по городским и сельским поселениям, в %.png|thumb|380px|Settlement of Orochs in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in %, 2010 census]]

⚫
{{Expand Russian|Орочи|date=November 2010}}
{{History of Russian Manchuria}}
{{History of Russian Manchuria}}
'''Orochs''' ([[Russian Language|Russian]] ''О́рочи''), '''Orochons''', or '''Orochis''' (self-designation: ''Nani'') are a people of [[Russia]] that speak the [[Oroch language|Oroch (''Orochon'') language]] of the Southern group of [[Tungusic languages]]. According to the 2002 [[census]] there were 686 Orochs in Russia. According to the 2010 census there were 596 Orochs in Russia.
'''Orochs''' ([[Russian Language|Russian]] ''О́рочи''), '''Orochons''', or '''Orochis''' (self-designation: ''Nani'') are a people of [[Russia]] that speak the [[Oroch language|Oroch (''Orochon'') language]] of the Southern group of [[Tungusic languages]]. According to the 2002 [[census]] there were 686 Orochs in Russia. According to the 2010 census there were 596 Orochs in Russia.
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Orochs traditionally settled in the southern part of the [[Khabarovsk Krai]], Russia and on the [[Amur River|Amur]] and Kopp rivers. In the 19th century, some of them migrated to [[Sakhalin]]. In the early 1930s, the Orochi National District was created, but was cancelled shortly thereafter "due to lack of native population".
Orochs traditionally settled in the southern part of the [[Khabarovsk Krai]], Russia and on the [[Amur River|Amur]] and Kopp rivers. In the 19th century, some of them migrated to [[Sakhalin]]. In the early 1930s, the Orochi National District was created, but was cancelled shortly thereafter "due to lack of native population".


Because the people never had a written language, they were educated in the [[Russian language]]. Their language, [[Oroch language|Oroch]], is on the verge of extinction. They follow [[Shamanism]], the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], and [[Buddhism]].
Because the people never had a written language, they were educated in [[Russian language|Russian]]. Their language, [[Oroch language|Oroch]], is on the verge of extinction; According to the 2021 census there are only about 43 native speakers of the language. on They follow [[Shamanism]], the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], and [[Buddhism]].


== History ==
== History == There is no certainty in the question of self-name. The Ulchi and the Nanais have long, and since the 19th century also the Russians, called the indigenous population of the Amur Orochs. This ethnonym was introduced in the 1930s. in official passports . Later, the self-name used by them Nani was revealed - “local inhabitants”, like among the Nanai and Ulchi, but this ethnonym, according to their own statement, was “brought” from the Amur by tribesmen who had lived among the Amur aborigines for a long time .
Between 1963 and 1993, major changes took place in Oroch families:
Between 1963 and 1993, major changes took place in Oroch families:
* Almost all Orochi marriages became inter-ethnic - in 1951-1955, 73% of Orochi marriages were mono-ethnic, and in 1991-1995 only 9%.<ref name="illhkomisc">{{cite journal|url=http://illhkomisc.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ist-demo01-2010.pdf |title=Историческая Демография |language=ru |trans-title=Historical Demography |journal=Научный журнал |volume=1 |issue=5 |date=2010}}</ref>
* Almost all Orochi marriages became inter-ethnic - in 1951-1955, 73% of Orochi marriages were mono-ethnic, and in 1991-1995 only 9%.<ref name="illhkomisc">{{cite journal|url=http://illhkomisc.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ist-demo01-2010.pdf |title=Историческая Демография |language=ru |trans-title=Historical Demography |journal=Научный журнал |volume=1 |issue=5 |date=2010}}</ref>
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[[File:John-Tallis-1851-Tibet-Mongolia-and-Manchuria-NE.jpg|thumb|left|''Orochis'' placed near the [[Sea of Japan]] on an 1851 map.]]
[[File:John-Tallis-1851-Tibet-Mongolia-and-Manchuria-NE.jpg|thumb|left|''Orochis'' placed near the [[Sea of Japan]] on an 1851 map.]]



== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Commonscatinline}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/orochis.shtml The Orochis] in [[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]
* [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/orochis.shtml The Orochis] in [[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=oac Ethnologue link]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=oac Ethnologue link]
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Tungusic peoples]]
[[Category:Tungusic peoples]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of North Asia]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Siberia]]
[[Category:Khabarovsk Krai]]
[[Category:Khabarovsk Krai]]
[[Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East]]
[[Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in the Arctic]]



{{Russia-stub}}
{{Russia-culture-stub}}
{{Asia-ethno-group-stub}}
{{Asia-ethno-group-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 April 2024

Not to be confused with the related but distinct Oroqen people (of Khabarovsk Krai) or Orok people (of Sakhalin Island).
Orochs
Alternative names:
Nani
Нани
Oroch people (circa 1920)
Total population
c. 1,000 (est.)
Regions with significant populations
 Russia: 527[1]
 Ukraine288 (2001)
Languages
Oroch language, Russian
Religion
Shamanism, Russian Orthodoxy, Buddhism
Related ethnic groups
Evens, Evenks, Ulchs, Nanai, Orok, Udege
Settlement of Orochs in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in %, 2010 census
History of the Priamurye region
also including Heilongjiang, Amur Oblast and southern part of Khabarovsk Krai

Orochs (Russian О́рочи), Orochons, or Orochis (self-designation: Nani) are a people of Russia that speak the Oroch (Orochon) language of the Southern group of Tungusic languages. According to the 2002 census there were 686 Orochs in Russia. According to the 2010 census there were 596 Orochs in Russia.

Orochs traditionally settled in the southern part of the Khabarovsk Krai, Russia and on the Amur and Kopp rivers. In the 19th century, some of them migrated to Sakhalin. In the early 1930s, the Orochi National District was created, but was cancelled shortly thereafter "due to lack of native population".

Because the people never had a written language, they were educated in Russian. Their language, Oroch, is on the verge of extinction; According to the 2021 census there are only about 43 native speakers of the language. on They follow Shamanism, the Russian Orthodox Church, and Buddhism.

History[edit]

Between 1963 and 1993, major changes took place in Oroch families:

  • Almost all Orochi marriages became inter-ethnic - in 1951-1955, 73% of Orochi marriages were mono-ethnic, and in 1991-1995 only 9%.[2]
  • The share of Oroch-Russian marriages increased sharply from 9% in 1951-1955 to 82% in 1991-1995.[2]
  • The maximum size of an Oroch family decreased from 10 to 7 people from 1963 to 1993.[2]
  • The average family size of the Orochi in 1993 was 2.9 people, compared to 4.8 in 1963.[2]
Orochis placed near the Sea of Japan on an 1851 map.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Russian Census 2021: Population by ethnicity" (in Russian).
  2. ^ a b c d "Историческая Демография" [Historical Demography] (PDF). Научный журнал (in Russian). 1 (5). 2010.

External links[edit]


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