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ǀAi-ǀAis: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 27°55′43″S 17°29′0″E / 27.92861°S 17.48333°E / -27.92861; 17.48333
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{{Infobox Protected area
{{Infobox settlement
| name = ǀAi-ǀAis
| name = Ai-Ais Hot Springs
| native_name =
| iucn_category = II
| native_name_lang = naq
| map = LocationNamibia.png
| settlement_type = Holiday resort
| map_caption = Map of [[Africa]]
| image_skyline = File:Ai-Ais.jpg
| locator_x = 160
| image_alt =
| locator_y = 70
| image_caption = ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs resort, 1996
| location = [[Namibia]]
| image_flag =
| lat_d = 27
| flag_alt =
| lat_m = 55
| image_seal =
| lat_s = 43
| seal_alt =
| lat_NS = S
| image_shield =
| long_d = 17
| shield_alt =
| long_m = 29
| nickname =
| long_s = 0
| motto =
| long_EW = E
| image_map =
| region = NA
| map_alt =
| area = 5,900 km² <ref>Namibia Tourism Board (2009). [http://www.namibiatourism.com.na/country_s_region.php Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park]. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref>
| map_caption =
| established = 16 March 1971<ref name=Namib>Namib Web (2009). [http://www.namibweb.com/canyon.htm Fish River Canyon, Ai-Ais Resort and Hobas]. Retrived on 19 March 2009.</ref>
| pushpin_map = Namibia
| visitation_num =
| pushpin_label_position =
| visitation_year =
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| coordinates = {{coords|27|55|43|S|17|29|0|E|region:NA|display=inline, title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Namibia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Namibia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[ǁKaras Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Constituencies of Namibia|Constituency]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = Resort opened
| established_date = 16 March 1971<ref name=Namib>Namib Web (2009). [http://www.namibweb.com/canyon.htm Fish River Canyon, Ai-Ais Resort and Hobas]. Retrieved on 19 March 2009.</ref>
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes = <ref>Namibia Tourism Board (2009). [http://www.namibiatourism.com.na/country_s_region.php Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727212322/http://www.namibiatourism.com.na/country_s_region.php |date=2014-07-27 }}. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref>
| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
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| area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2 = 5,900
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| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
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| timezone1 = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1 = +2
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| governing_body = Ministry of Environment and Tourism
| governing_body = Ministry of Environment and Tourism
| footnotes =
}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Khoekhoe}}


'''ǀAi-ǀAis''' ({{lang-naq|fire-fire}}, meaning 'hot as fire' or 'scalding hot'<ref>{{cite book | last=Raper | first=Peter E. | title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names | url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n54/mode/2up | publisher=Internet Archive | accessdate=28 August 2013 | page=54 | year=1987}}</ref>) is a [[Namibia]]n holiday resort with hot mineral springs in the bed of the [[Fish River (Namibia)|Fish River]]. It is situated in Southern Namibia's [[ǁKaras Region]] at the base of the [[Great Karas Mountains]], {{Convert|128|km}} west of [[Karasburg]] and {{Convert|224|km}} south-west of [[Keetmanshoop]].
'''Ai-Ais Hot Springs''' meaning 'burning water' in the local [[Khoekhoe language|Nama]] language, refers to the [[sulphurous]] thermal [[Spring (hydrosphere)|hot water springs]] found in the area. Pronounced "eye-ice", the natural hot-spring [[oasis]] is situated at the base of the mountain peaks at the southern end of [[Fish River Canyon]], in the [[Karas Region, Namibia|Karas Region]] of southern [[Namibia]] and forms part of the [[Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park]].

ǀAi-ǀAis features [[sulfurous]] thermal [[Spring (hydrosphere)|hot water springs]] and forms part of the [[ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park]]. The springs have been a national monument since 1964.


== History ==
== History ==
Local legend goes that the hot springs were discovered in 1850 by a [[nomadic]] [[Nama people|Nama]] shepherd rounding up stray sheep.<ref name=Namib/><ref name=Lonely>Swaney, Deanna (1995). Lonely Planet: Zimabawe, Botswana & Namibia. 2nd Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.</ref> The springs originate deep under the riverbed and form an oasis in the extremely [[arid]] area.<ref name=Deanna>Swaney, Deanna (1992). Lonely Planet: Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia. 1st Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.</ref>


During the [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide|Nama uprising of 1903–07]] the hot spring was used by [[German colonial empire|German military forces]] as a [[base camp]]. In 1915, the area was also used as a base by [[South Africa]]n troops who were recovering from wounds during the [[South West Africa Campaign]].<ref name=Namib/> In 1962, the spring was leased to a local entrepreneur and were subsequently proclaimed a national monument in 1964.<ref>{{Cite book | title=Place Names of Namibia. A Historical Dictionary | last=Cassidy | first=Joseph | publisher=Macmillan Education Namibia Publishers (Pty) Ltd | year=2009 | isbn=978-99916-0-654-5 | location=Windhoek | pages=1}}</ref> In 1969, the springs became a [[conservation area]] and on 16&nbsp;March 1971, the camp was officially opened.<ref name=Namib/> The thermal water has an average temperature of about 60&nbsp;°C.<ref>Namibia Travel (2009). [http://www.namibia-travel.net/southnamibia/aiais.htm Ai-Ais/Fish River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504123322/http://www.namibia-travel.net/southnamibia/aiais.htm |date=2009-05-04 }}. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref> The water is piped to a series of indoor pools and jacuzzis.<ref name=Deanna/>
Local legend goes that the hot springs were discovered in 1850 by a [[nomadic]] [[Namaqua|Nama]] shepherd rounding up stray sheep.<ref name=Namib/><ref name=Lonely>Swaney, Deanna (1995). Lonely Planet: Zimabawe, Botswana & Namibia. 2nd Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.</ref> The springs originate deep under the riverbed and form an oasis in the extremely [[arid]] area.<ref name=Deanna>Swaney, Deanna (1992). Lonely Planet: Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia. 1st Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.</ref>


Severe floods in 1972, 1974 and 1988 caused the camp to temporarily close. With the exception of one building—which was situated on higher ground—the 1972 flood totally destroyed the camp.<ref name=Lonely/> The Fish River Canyon Conservation area was enlarged in 1987 by the addition of state land west of the canyon. Significant renovations to the Ai-Ais camp were carried out in 1987–88.
During the [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide|Nama uprising of 1903–07]] the hot spring was used by [[German colonial empire|German military forces]] as a [[base camp]]. In 1915, the area was also used as a base by [[South African]] troops who were recovering from wounds during the [[South-West Africa Campaign]].<ref name=Namib/> In 1962, the spring was leased to a local entrepreneur and were subsequently proclaimed a [[Monument|national monument]]. In 1969, the springs became a [[conservation area]] and on 16&nbsp;March 1971, the camp was officially opened.<ref name=Namib/> The thermal water has an average temperature of about 60&nbsp;°C.<ref>Namibia Travel (2009). [http://www.namibia-travel.net/southnamibia/aiais.htm Ai-Ais/Fish River]. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref> The water is piped to a series of indoor pools and jacuzzis.<ref name=Deanna/>


An [[international treaty]], signed in 2003, incorporated the vast area around the ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs and [[Protected areas of South Africa|Richtersveld National Park]] in [[South Africa]], resulting in the establishment of the [[ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park]].<ref>Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (2003). [http://www.environment.gov.za/ProjProg/TFCAs/artp.htm Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114609/http://www.environment.gov.za/ProjProg/TFCAs/artp.htm |date=2008-12-04 }}. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref><ref>Southern African Places (2009). [http://www.places.co.za/html/5090.html Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier National Park]. Retrieved on 19 May 2008.</ref>
[[File:Ai-Ais.jpg|thumb|210px|left|Entrance to Ai-Ais Hot Springs in 1996]]

Severe [[floods]] in 1972, 1974 and 1988 caused the camp to temporarily close. With the exception of one building—which was situated on higher ground—the 1972 flood totally destroyed the camp.<ref name=Lonely/> The Fish River Canyon Conservation area was enlarged in 1987 by the addition of state land west of the canyon. Significant renovations to the Ai-Ais camp were carried out in 1987–88.

An [[international treaty]], signed in 2003, incorporated the Ai–Ais Hot Springs and [[Protected areas of South Africa|Richtersveld National Park]] in [[South Africa]], resulting in the establishment of the Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier National Park.<ref>Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (2003). [http://www.environment.gov.za/ProjProg/TFCAs/artp.htm Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park]. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.</ref><ref>Southern African Places (2009). [http://www.places.co.za/html/5090.html Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier National Park]. Retrieved on 19 May 2008.</ref>

The springs are located approximately 200&nbsp;km south of [[Keetmanshoop]] or about 120&nbsp;km west of [[Karasburg]].


== Present day ==
== Present day ==
The springs are a popular holiday destination for Namibian, South African and international holiday-makers. The thermal waters are rich in [[sulphur]], [[chloride]] and [[fluoride]], and are reputedly good for anyone suffering from [[rheumatism]].<ref name=Lonely/> The resort waters are also home to a number of species of fish, including [[Upper Zambezi yellowfish|yellowfish]] and [[Barbel (fish)|barbel]].<ref name=Deanna/> ǀAi-ǀAis is the end point of a 5-day hiking tour through the [[Fish River Canyon]].

Today, the springs are a popular holiday destination for Namibian, South African and international holiday-makers. The thermal waters are rich in [[sulphur]], [[chloride]] and [[fluoride]], and are reputedly good for anyone suffering from [[rheumatism]].<ref name=Lonely/> The resort waters are also home to a number of species of fish, including [[Zambezi yellowfish|yellowfish]] and [[Barbel (fish)|barbel]].<ref name=Deanna/> Ai-Ais is closed over the summer from November to mid-March.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== References ==
== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
[[Category:Namibia]]
{{Commons category}}

{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aiais}}

[[Category:Hot springs of Namibia]]
[[Category:Hot springs of Namibia]]
[[Category:Tourism in Namibia]]
[[Category:Tourism in Namibia]]
[[Category:National parks of Namibia]]
[[Category:National parks of Namibia]]
[[Category:Karas Region]]
[[Category:Geography of ǁKaras Region]]
[[Category:History of Namibia]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1971]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in South West Africa]]

[[Category:National Monuments of Namibia]]
[[de:Ai-Ais]]
[[nl:Ai-Ais]]

Latest revision as of 16:05, 15 May 2024

ǀAi-ǀAis
Holiday resort
ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs resort, 1996
ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs resort, 1996
ǀAi-ǀAis is located in Namibia
ǀAi-ǀAis
ǀAi-ǀAis
Coordinates: 27°55′43″S 17°29′0″E / 27.92861°S 17.48333°E / -27.92861; 17.48333
Country Namibia
RegionǁKaras Region
Resort opened16 March 1971[1]
Government
 • BodyMinistry of Environment and Tourism
Area
 • Total5,900 km2 (2,300 sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)

ǀAi-ǀAis (Khoekhoe: fire-fire, meaning 'hot as fire' or 'scalding hot'[3]) is a Namibian holiday resort with hot mineral springs in the bed of the Fish River. It is situated in Southern Namibia's ǁKaras Region at the base of the Great Karas Mountains, 128 kilometres (80 mi) west of Karasburg and 224 kilometres (139 mi) south-west of Keetmanshoop.

ǀAi-ǀAis features sulfurous thermal hot water springs and forms part of the ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park. The springs have been a national monument since 1964.

History

[edit]

Local legend goes that the hot springs were discovered in 1850 by a nomadic Nama shepherd rounding up stray sheep.[1][4] The springs originate deep under the riverbed and form an oasis in the extremely arid area.[5]

During the Nama uprising of 1903–07 the hot spring was used by German military forces as a base camp. In 1915, the area was also used as a base by South African troops who were recovering from wounds during the South West Africa Campaign.[1] In 1962, the spring was leased to a local entrepreneur and were subsequently proclaimed a national monument in 1964.[6] In 1969, the springs became a conservation area and on 16 March 1971, the camp was officially opened.[1] The thermal water has an average temperature of about 60 °C.[7] The water is piped to a series of indoor pools and jacuzzis.[5]

Severe floods in 1972, 1974 and 1988 caused the camp to temporarily close. With the exception of one building—which was situated on higher ground—the 1972 flood totally destroyed the camp.[4] The Fish River Canyon Conservation area was enlarged in 1987 by the addition of state land west of the canyon. Significant renovations to the Ai-Ais camp were carried out in 1987–88.

An international treaty, signed in 2003, incorporated the vast area around the ǀAi-ǀAis Hot Springs and Richtersveld National Park in South Africa, resulting in the establishment of the ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park.[8][9]

Present day

[edit]

The springs are a popular holiday destination for Namibian, South African and international holiday-makers. The thermal waters are rich in sulphur, chloride and fluoride, and are reputedly good for anyone suffering from rheumatism.[4] The resort waters are also home to a number of species of fish, including yellowfish and barbel.[5] ǀAi-ǀAis is the end point of a 5-day hiking tour through the Fish River Canyon.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Namib Web (2009). Fish River Canyon, Ai-Ais Resort and Hobas. Retrieved on 19 March 2009.
  2. ^ Namibia Tourism Board (2009). Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park Archived 2014-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.
  3. ^ Raper, Peter E. (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Internet Archive. p. 54. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b c Swaney, Deanna (1995). Lonely Planet: Zimabawe, Botswana & Namibia. 2nd Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.
  5. ^ a b c Swaney, Deanna (1992). Lonely Planet: Zimbabwe, Botswana & Namibia. 1st Edition. Published by Hawthorn, Vic.
  6. ^ Cassidy, Joseph (2009). Place Names of Namibia. A Historical Dictionary. Windhoek: Macmillan Education Namibia Publishers (Pty) Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 978-99916-0-654-5.
  7. ^ Namibia Travel (2009). Ai-Ais/Fish River Archived 2009-05-04 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.
  8. ^ Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (2003). Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Conservation Park Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 19 May 2009.
  9. ^ Southern African Places (2009). Ai-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier National Park. Retrieved on 19 May 2008.
[edit]