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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| name = ''Pseudorhodeus tanago''
| image = ミヤコタナゴ.jpg
⚫
| status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = EN
| status_ref =<ref>Kottelat, M. 1996. ''[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21383/0 Tanakia tanago]''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Downloaded on 04 October 2014</ref>
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Hasegawa, K. |author2=Kanao, S. |author3=Miyazaki, Y. |author4=Mukai, T. |author5=Nakajima, J. |author6=Takaku, K. |author7=Taniguchi, Y. |date=2019 |title=''Tanakia tanago'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T21383A110464790 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21383A110464790.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| taxon = Pseudorhodeus tanago
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| parent_authority = Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014
| ordo = [[Cypriniformes]]
⚫
| authority = [[Shigeho Tanaka|S. Tanaka]], 1909
| familia = [[Cyprinidae]]
| display_parents=3
| genus = '''''Pseudorhodeus''''' <ref name="Changetal2014">{{cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Chia-Hao|last2=Li|first2=Fan|last3=Shao|first3=Kwang-Tsao|last4=Lin|first4=Yeong-Shin|last5=Morosawa|first5=Takahiro|last6=Kim|first6=Sungmin|last7=Koo|first7=Hyeyoung|last8=Kim|first8=Won|last9=Lee|first9=Jae-Seong|last10=He|first10=Shunping|last11=Smith|first11=Carl|last12=Reichard|first12=Martin|last13=Miya|first13=Masaki|last14=Sado|first14=Tetsuya|last15=Uehara|first15=Kazuhiko|last16=Lavoué|first16=Sébastien|last17=Chen|first17=Wei-Jen|last18=Mayden|first18=Richard L.|title=Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: Evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date=in press|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.026}}</ref>
⚫
| synonyms = *''Rhodeus tanago'' <small>Tanaka, 1909</small>
| genus_authority = [[Chia-Hao Chang|Chang]] ''et al.'', 2014
⚫
*''Tanakia tanago'' <small>Tanaka, 1909</small>
| species = '''''P. tanago'''''
| binomial = ''Pseudorhodeus tanago''
⚫
| binomial_authority = [[Shigeho Tanaka|S. Tanaka]], 1909
| synonyms =
⚫
''Rhodeus tanago'' <small>Tanaka, 1909</small>
⚫
''Tanakia tanago'' <small>Tanaka, 1909</small>
}}
}}


The '''Tokyo bitterling''' (''Pseudorhodeus tanago'' or ''Tanakia tanago'') is a [[temperate]] [[freshwater]] [[fish]] of the carp family ([[Cyprinidae]]). Taxonomically, it belongs to the [[Acheilognathinae]] sub-family.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase species | genus = Tanakia | species = tanago | year = 2013| month = April}}</ref>The fish reaches a size of up to {{convert|5|cm|abbr=on}} [[Fish measurement|TL]].<ref name=FB/>
The '''Tokyo bitterling''' ('''''Pseudorhodeus tanago''''') is a [[temperate]] [[freshwater]] [[fish]] of the carp family ([[Cyprinidae]]). Taxonomically, it belongs to the subfamily [[Acheilognathinae]].


This species was first described as ''Rhodeus tanago'' by [[Shigeho Tanaka]] in 1909. It is widely known as ''Tanakia tanago'',<ref name=FB/><ref name=CoF>[http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp&tbl=species&spid=53157 ''Tanakia tanago''. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences]. 27 August 2014. accessed 4 Oct 2014</ref> although a 2014 study suggests it is genetically distinct from other ''[[Tanakia]]'' species, and warrants placement it the monotypic genus ''Pseudorhodeus''.<ref name="Changetal2014"/>
The species was first described as ''Rhodeus tanago'' by [[Shigeho Tanaka]] in 1909. It is widely known as ''Tanakia tanago'',<ref name=CoF>{{Catalog of Fishes|spid=53157 |access-date=4 Oct 2014}}</ref> although a 2014 study suggests it is genetically distinct from other ''[[Tanakia]]'' species, and warrants placement it the monotypic genus ''Pseudorhodeus''.<ref name="Changetal2014">{{cite journal |author=Chang, C.-H. |author2=Li, F. |author3=Shao, K.-T. |author4=Lin, Y.-S. |author5=Morosawa, T. |author6=Kim, S. |author7=Koo, H. |author8=Kim, W. |author9=Lee, J.-S. |author10=He, S. |author11=Smith, C. |author12=Reichard, M. |author13=Miya, M. |author14=Sado, T. |author15=Uehara, K. |author16=Lavoué, S. |author17=Chen, W.-J. |author18=Mayden, R.L. |name-list-style=amp |year=2014 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: Evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=81 |pages=182–194|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.026 |pmid=25238947|bibcode=2014MolPE..81..182C |url=http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/20278 }}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
In the wild, it is found only on the [[Kantō Plain]] of [[Japan]], an area near to the capital city of Tokyo. It was formerly abundant in small streams, but its habitat has been overrun by people and pollution.
In the wild, this fish is found only on the [[Kantō Plain]] of [[Japan]], an area near the capital city, Tokyo. The fish was formerly abundant in small streams, but its habitat has been overrun by people and pollution.


==Threats==
==Threats==
This species was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List as "Vulnerable", and there is a real risk that it could become extinct in the wild. It also suffers from competition from the related but more aggressive [[rosy bitterling]]. Bitterlings lay their eggs in [[freshwater mussel]] shells. The Tokyo bitterling lays its eggs in only one type of mussel shell, limiting its chances of successful breeding. To help protect the fish, it has been declared a "national monument" by the [[Japanese government]], and this gives it special protection.{{cn|date=October 2014}}
There is a real risk that it could become extinct in the wild. It also suffers from competition from the related but more aggressive [[rosy bitterling]]. Bitterlings lay their eggs in [[freshwater mussel]] shells. The Tokyo bitterling lays its eggs in only one type of mussel shell, limiting its chances of successful breeding. To help protect the fish, it has been declared a "national monument" by the [[Japanese government]], and this gives it special protection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ikilog.biodic.go.jp/Rdb/zukan?_action=rn039|script-title=ja: ミヤコタナゴ|trans-title=Tokyo bitterling|publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]|language=ja|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043410/https://ikilog.biodic.go.jp/Rdb/zukan/?_action=rn039|archive-date=27 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3761717}}


[[Category:Acheilognathinae]]
[[Category:Natural monuments of Japan]]
[[Category:Natural monuments of Japan]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Japan]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Japan]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Japan]]
[[Category:Endemic fish of Japan]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1909]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Shigeho Tanaka]]


{{Acheilognathinae-stub}}
{{Acheilognathinae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:35, 14 June 2024

Tokyo bitterling
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Acheilognathinae
Genus: Pseudorhodeus
Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014
Species:
P. tanago
Binomial name
Pseudorhodeus tanago
S. Tanaka, 1909
Synonyms
  • Rhodeus tanago Tanaka, 1909
  • Tanakia tanago Tanaka, 1909

The Tokyo bitterling (Pseudorhodeus tanago) is a temperate freshwater fish of the carp family (Cyprinidae). Taxonomically, it belongs to the subfamily Acheilognathinae.

The species was first described as Rhodeus tanago by Shigeho Tanaka in 1909. It is widely known as Tanakia tanago,[2] although a 2014 study suggests it is genetically distinct from other Tanakia species, and warrants placement it the monotypic genus Pseudorhodeus.[3]

Distribution

[edit]

In the wild, this fish is found only on the Kantō Plain of Japan, an area near the capital city, Tokyo. The fish was formerly abundant in small streams, but its habitat has been overrun by people and pollution.

Threats

[edit]

There is a real risk that it could become extinct in the wild. It also suffers from competition from the related but more aggressive rosy bitterling. Bitterlings lay their eggs in freshwater mussel shells. The Tokyo bitterling lays its eggs in only one type of mussel shell, limiting its chances of successful breeding. To help protect the fish, it has been declared a "national monument" by the Japanese government, and this gives it special protection.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hasegawa, K.; Kanao, S.; Miyazaki, Y.; Mukai, T.; Nakajima, J.; Takaku, K.; Taniguchi, Y. (2019). "Tanakia tanago". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21383A110464790. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21383A110464790.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "spid=53157". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 Oct 2014.
  3. ^ Chang, C.-H.; Li, F.; Shao, K.-T.; Lin, Y.-S.; Morosawa, T.; Kim, S.; Koo, H.; Kim, W.; Lee, J.-S.; He, S.; Smith, C.; Reichard, M.; Miya, M.; Sado, T.; Uehara, K.; Lavoué, S.; Chen, W.-J. & Mayden, R.L. (2014). "Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: Evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 182–194. Bibcode:2014MolPE..81..182C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.026. PMID 25238947.
  4. ^ ミヤコタナゴ [Tokyo bitterling] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
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