Chairman Mao Memorial Hall: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Final resting place of Mao Zedong |
{{Short description|Final resting place of Mao Zedong}} |
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{{Infobox building |
{{Infobox building |
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| name = Chairman Mao Memorial Hall |
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| location = [[Tiananmen Square]] |
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| groundbreaking_date = November 24, 1976 |
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⚫ | The '''Chairman Mao Memorial Hall''' ({{zh|s= |
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2013}} |
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⚫ | Although Mao had wished to be cremated, his wishes were ignored and his body was [[embalmed]]. The construction of a [[memorial hall]] as his final resting place began shortly after his death. This highly popular attraction is located in the middle of [[Tiananmen Square]] in [[Beijing]]. It stands on the previous site of the [[Gate of China, Beijing|Gate of China]], the southern (main) gate of the [[Imperial City, Beijing|Imperial City]] during the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] dynasties. |
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⚫ | The '''Chairman Mao Memorial Hall''' ({{zh|s= |
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⚫ | The embalmed body of Chairman Mao is preserved in the cooler, central hall of the memorial hall in a glass case with dim lighting; it is guarded by a military honor guard. The memorial hall is open to the public every day except Mondays.<ref>{{cite web |title= |
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⚫ | Although Mao had wished to be cremated, his wishes were ignored and his body was [[embalmed]]. The construction of a [[ |
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⚫ | The |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:BeijingTiananmenSquare.jpg|thumb|The |
[[File:BeijingTiananmenSquare.jpg|thumb|The memorial hall is located on the [[Tiananmen Square]], where the [[Gate of China, Beijing|Beijing Gate of China]] used to stand (2005)]] |
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The memorial hall was built soon after Mao's death on September 9, 1976. On September 14, 1976, the State Planning Commission of China organized designers from more than ten units in eight provinces and cities in China to gather at the [[Qianmen Hotel]] in Beijing to start the site selection and scheme design of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall.<ref>{{cite book |last1= |
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The mausoleum was built soon after Mao's death on September 9, 1976. The groundbreaking ceremony took place November 24, 1976, and the mausoleum was completed on May 24, 1977. Chairman [[Hua Guofeng]], who supervised the mausoleum project, has his handwriting on the mausoleum's sign. |
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On October 8, 1976, the Decision of the [[Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]], the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]], the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China]], and the [[Central Military Commission (China)|Central Military Commission]] on the Establishment of a Memorial Hall for Chairman Mao Zedong, the Great Leader and Tutor, was issued.<ref name=" |
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⚫ | People throughout China were involved in the design and construction of the |
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On October 15, 1976, the [[Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute]] set up the Planning and Design Group of the Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao. On November 6, 1976, the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee reviewed the plan of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall. On November 9, 1976, Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall Project Command was established, with [[Li Ruihuan]], then deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Construction Committee, as the chief commander.<ref>{{cite book |last1=郑珺编著 |title=长安 |
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⚫ | People throughout China were involved in the design and construction of the memorial hall, with 700,000 people from different provinces, autonomous regions, and nationalities doing symbolic voluntary labor.<ref>{{Citation|title = The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed | journal = China Pictorial | volume = 9 | pages = 4–12 | year = 1977}}</ref> Materials from all over China were used throughout the building: granite from [[Sichuan]] province, porcelain plates from [[Guangdong]] province, pine trees from [[Yan'an]] in [[Shaanxi]] province, saw-wort seeds from the [[Tian Shan]] mountains in the [[Xinjiang]] Autonomous Region, earth from [[Tangshan earthquake|quake-stricken Tangshan]], colored pebbles from [[Nanjing]], milky quartz from the [[Kunlun Mountains]], pine logs from [[Jiangxi]] province, and rock samples from [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite book |last1= |
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On May 24, 1977, the construction of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall was completed. On August 22, 1977, the delegates to the [[11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party|11th CCP National Congress]] visited Mao Zedong's remains, and the communiqué of the 1st Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CCP was published on the same day. On August 31, 1977, President [[Josip Broz Tito]] of Yugoslavia went to visit Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall to admire the remains of Mao Zedong.<ref name="She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she 2017 p. 92">{{cite book | title= |
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The memorial hall was closed for renovations for nine months in 1997 before reopening on January 6, 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/45053.stm|title=Crowds flock to Mao mausoleum|publisher=BBC|date=January 6, 1998|access-date=2013-12-31|archive-date=April 21, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040421063220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/45053.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> After that, the CCP Central Committee has held commemorative activities here on the occasion of the 90th, 100th, 110th and 120th anniversaries of the birth of Mao Zedong.<ref>{{cite news |title=纪念 |
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==Sculptures== |
==Sculptures== |
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[[File:Statue outside Mao's Mausoleum, Beijing, China 2.jpg|thumb|right|One of four sculptures located near the entrance and exit of the |
[[File:Statue outside Mao's Mausoleum, Beijing, China 2.jpg|thumb|right|One of four sculptures located near the entrance and exit of the memorial hall|alt=A brown stone sculpture of soldiers fighting with various weapons, led by one carrying a flag with a man's face in profile on it]] |
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The North Hall contains the alabaster seated statue of Chairman Mao Zedong.<ref name=" |
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Inside the mausoleum is a statue of Mao. There are four sculptural groups installed outside the mausoleum. |
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There are four sculpture groups in the square, all of which are made of [[clay]],<ref name=" |
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⚫ | The |
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⚫ | On 29 September 2019, [[General Secretary of the Communist Party |
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[[File:Mao mausoleum queue.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A queue to enter the memorial hall]] |
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[[File:Alberto Fernández visited the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall (2).jpg|thumb|right|220px|Argentinian president [[Alberto Fernández]] visiting the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall in 2022]] |
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⚫ | The memorial hall today remains a popular destination in [[Beijing]], and is often visited by foreign dignitaries and Chinese Communist Party officials. Foreign heads of state, such as Cuban leader [[Fidel Castro]] and Venezuelan President [[Nicolas Maduro]] visited the memorial hall during their state trips to China.<ref>{{cite news |title=Castro Honors Mao |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/12/03/castro-honors-mao/880cd946-c15d-464e-99f2-27729dbb967a/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110002957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/12/03/castro-honors-mao/880cd946-c15d-464e-99f2-27729dbb967a/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Venezuela's Maduro pays tribute to 'giant' Mao |date=September 14, 2018 |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2018/09/14/venezuelas-maduro-pays-tribute-to-giant-mao/1672621 |publisher=MalayMail |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110002958/https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2018/09/14/venezuelas-maduro-pays-tribute-to-giant-mao/1672621 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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⚫ | On 29 September 2019, [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]] along with other [[Politburo of the Communist Party of China|Politburo members]] of the Chinese Communist Party visited the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.<ref>{{cite web |title=Xi bows to Mao Zedong ahead of Communist China's 70th anniversary |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/xi-bows-mao-zedong-communist-china-70th-anniversary-190930040732173.html |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Al Jazeera and news agencies |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106120251/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/xi-bows-mao-zedong-communist-china-70th-anniversary-190930040732173.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Xu Jing ({{lang|zh-hans| |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Revision as of 06:19, 22 June 2024
Chairman Mao Memorial Hall | |
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![]() | |
![]() | |
General information | |
Type | Memorial Hall, Mausoleum |
Location | Tiananmen Square |
Town or city | Beijing |
Country | China |
Coordinates | 39°54′04″N 116°23′29″E / 39.9010°N 116.3915°E |
Named for | Mao Zedong |
Groundbreaking | November 24, 1976 |
Completed | May 24, 1977 |
Renovated | 1997-98 |
Known for | Final resting place of Mao Zedong |
Website | |
jnt |
The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall (simplified Chinese:
Although Mao had wished to be cremated, his wishes were ignored and his body was embalmed. The construction of a memorial hall as his final resting place began shortly after his death. This highly popular attraction is located in the middle of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It stands on the previous site of the Gate of China, the southern (main) gate of the Imperial City during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The embalmed body of Chairman Mao is preserved in the cooler, central hall of the memorial hall in a glass case with dim lighting; it is guarded by a military honor guard. The memorial hall is open to the public every day except Mondays.[1]
History
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BeijingTiananmenSquare.jpg/220px-BeijingTiananmenSquare.jpg)
The memorial hall was built soon after Mao's death on September 9, 1976. On September 14, 1976, the State Planning Commission of China organized designers from more than ten units in eight provinces and cities in China to gather at the Qianmen Hotel in Beijing to start the site selection and scheme design of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall.[2] The planning and design leading group consists of Zhao Pengfei, Yuan Jingshi, Shen Bo, etc.,[3] who participated in the design from the China Academy of Building Research, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Planning, Beijing Municipal Architectural Design and Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, Shanghai Municipal Civil Architecture Design Institute, Guangdong Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute, Guangzhou Municipal Architectural Design and Research Institute, Nanjing Engineering Institute, China Architecture Northwest Design and Research Institute, Liaoning Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute, Heilongjiang Provincial Architectural Design and Research Institute, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Basic Construction Engineering Corps Design and Research Institute.[4] After the study by the experts and leaders concerned, it was recognized that the better location options were Fragrant Hills, Tiananmen Square and Jingshan.[5]
On October 8, 1976, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the Central Military Commission on the Establishment of a Memorial Hall for Chairman Mao Zedong, the Great Leader and Tutor, was issued.[6][7][8]
On October 15, 1976, the Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute set up the Planning and Design Group of the Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao. On November 6, 1976, the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee reviewed the plan of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall. On November 9, 1976, Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall Project Command was established, with Li Ruihuan, then deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Construction Committee, as the chief commander.[9] The Ninth Office of the State Council ("Ninth Office") was specially set up to coordinate the construction of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall, and Vice Premier Gu Mu was in charge of the leadership of the Ninth Office and the construction of the Memorial Hall. Xiao Yang, the former director of Beijing Glass Factory, and Han Boping, the former vice mayor of Beijing, were members of the Ninth Office, and together they were responsible for the work of the equipment group of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall.[10] On November 24, 1976, the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee finalized the plan of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and the foundation stone of the Hall was laid. Hua Guofeng, then the Chairman of the CCP Central Committee, Premier of the State Council, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, participated in the groundbreaking ceremony and laid the soil for the cornerstone of the Memorial Hall.[11][12]
People throughout China were involved in the design and construction of the memorial hall, with 700,000 people from different provinces, autonomous regions, and nationalities doing symbolic voluntary labor.[13] Materials from all over China were used throughout the building: granite from Sichuan province, porcelain plates from Guangdong province, pine trees from Yan'an in Shaanxi province, saw-wort seeds from the Tian Shan mountains in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, earth from quake-stricken Tangshan, colored pebbles from Nanjing, milky quartz from the Kunlun Mountains, pine logs from Jiangxi province, and rock samples from Mount Everest.[14]
On May 24, 1977, the construction of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall was completed. On August 22, 1977, the delegates to the 11th CCP National Congress visited Mao Zedong's remains, and the communiqué of the 1st Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CCP was published on the same day. On August 31, 1977, President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia went to visit Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall to admire the remains of Mao Zedong.[15] on September 9, 1977, the CCP Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission held a "Commemoration of the First Anniversary of the Death of the Great Leader and Mentor, Chairman Mao, and the Inauguration of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall" on the North Square of Chairman Mao's Memorial Hall". Since then, representatives from all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have come to pay their respects.[16]
The memorial hall was closed for renovations for nine months in 1997 before reopening on January 6, 1998.[17] After that, the CCP Central Committee has held commemorative activities here on the occasion of the 90th, 100th, 110th and 120th anniversaries of the birth of Mao Zedong.[18][19]
Sculptures
![A brown stone sculpture of soldiers fighting with various weapons, led by one carrying a flag with a man's face in profile on it](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Statue_outside_Mao%27s_Mausoleum%2C_Beijing%2C_China_2.jpg/220px-Statue_outside_Mao%27s_Mausoleum%2C_Beijing%2C_China_2.jpg)
The North Hall contains the alabaster seated statue of Chairman Mao Zedong.[20] Chairman of the CCP Central Committee Hua Guofeng, Vice Chairman Ye Jianying and other central leaders personally reviewed the draft and selected the plan for the statue of Chairman Mao. In the creation of the statue, there were always two options for the seated figure, with or without crossing the legs. The central government chose the option of crossing the legs. After the statue was made, someone thought that the cross-legged statue was vivid and friendly, but it did not harmonize well with the solemn atmosphere of the Memorial Hall. The Central Committee studied and discussed these views and decided to rebuild a flat-legged statue to replace the cross-legged one. However, the implementation of this decision was very cumbersome, and finally Deng Xiaoping decided that there was no need to replace it, so the statue remained cross-legged.[21]
There are four sculpture groups in the square, all of which are made of clay,[22] one on each side of the east and west sides of the main gate in the north, and one on each side of the east and west sides of the back gate in the south. The sculpture on the east side of the north gate shows the democratic revolution. The sculpture on the west side of the north gate represents the socialist revolution and industrial construction. The two sculptures on both sides of the south gate represent the inheritance of the will and the continuation of the revolution.[23]
Visits
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mao_mausoleum_queue.jpg/200px-Mao_mausoleum_queue.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez_visited_the_Chairman_Mao_Memorial_Hall_%282%29.jpg/220px-Alberto_Fern%C3%A1ndez_visited_the_Chairman_Mao_Memorial_Hall_%282%29.jpg)
The memorial hall today remains a popular destination in Beijing, and is often visited by foreign dignitaries and Chinese Communist Party officials. Foreign heads of state, such as Cuban leader Fidel Castro and Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro visited the memorial hall during their state trips to China.[24][25]
On 29 September 2019, CCP general secretary Xi Jinping along with other Politburo members of the Chinese Communist Party visited the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall.[26]
See also
- Mao Zedong's Former Residence and Memorial Museum in Shaoshan
- Mausoleum of Hua Guofeng
- Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall in Huaian
- Memorial to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao
- Deng Xiaoping's Former Residence and Memorial Hall in Guangan
- Zhu De Memorial Hall
- Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
- Kumsusan Palace of the Sun
- Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
- Lenin's Mausoleum
- Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
References
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ "
毛 主席 纪念堂 ". cpc.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019. - ^
北京 市 建 筑设计研究 院 有限 公司 ,中国 文物 学会 20世 纪建筑遗产委员会 (2018).中国 20世 纪建筑遗产大典 北京 卷 Beijing volume.天津 :天津 大学 出版 社 . p. 296. ISBN 978-7-5618-6286-5.{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^
徐 静 主 编 (1993). 伟人安息 的 地方 毛 主席 纪念堂 纪实. 长春:吉林 人民 出版 社 . pp. 89–90. ISBN 7-206-01779-7. - ^
金 磊总编;单霁翔名誉 总编 (2013).中国 建 筑文化 遗产 12 China architectural heritage.天津 :天津 大学 出版 社 . p. 3. ISBN 978-7-5618-4870-8. - ^ 彭积
冬 主 编,王 钦双,丁 志 平 ,李 焕巧副 主 编 (2015). 东城党 史 文 萃下 .北京 :同心 出版 社 . pp. 632–633. ISBN 7-5477-1421-8. - ^
中国 共 产党.中央 委 员会 (1976). 关于建立 伟大的 领袖和 导师毛 泽东主席 纪念堂 的 决定: 1976年 10月 8日 (in Chinese).人民 出版 社 . Retrieved April 29, 2024. - ^ 苏继红邓书杰
李 梅 吴晓莉 (2013). 转机时刻(1970-1979)(中国 历史大事 详解) (in Chinese).青 苹果 数 据 中心 . p. 396. Retrieved April 30, 2024. - ^ 涤荡
叛乱 :粉碎 上海 反 革命 武装 叛乱 阴谋 (in Chinese). BEIJING BOOK CO. INC. 2011. p. 33. ISBN 978-7-999206-20-0. Retrieved April 30, 2024. - ^ 郑珺编著 (2018). 长安
街 .北京 :北京 出版 社 . p. 76. ISBN 978-7-200-13437-7. - ^
万 新 华著 (2012). 圣地韶光:20世 纪中期 中国 画 之 韶山图像作 者 :出版 发行 :.北京 :文化 艺术出版 社 . p. 86. ISBN 978-7-5039-5244-9. - ^ 张树军,
高 新 民主 编 (1998).中共 十 一届三中全会历史档案上 .北京 :解放 军出版 社 . ISBN 7-5017-4469-6. - ^
在 伟大的 领袖和 导师毛 泽东主席 纪念堂 奠基仪式上 华国锋主席 的 讲话 (in Chinese).人民 出版 社 . 1976. Retrieved April 30, 2024. - ^ "The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed", China Pictorial, 9: 4–12, 1977
- ^
多吉 占 堆 ,薛文献 著 (2010).雪山 雄 鹰西藏 登山 运动50年 .桂 林 : 漓江出版 社 . pp. 45–46. ISBN 7-5407-4877-X. - ^
中国 特色 政党 外交 (in Chinese).社会 科学 文献 出版 社 . 2017. p. 92. ISBN 978-7-5201-0056-4. Retrieved April 29, 2024. - ^
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