2001 Italian general election: Difference between revisions
TheSandBot (talk | contribs) m TheSandBot moved page Italian general election, 2001 to 2001 Italian general election: Moving page per result of RfC on election/referendum page naming format using TheSandBot. Questions? See the RfC or msg TSD! (BRFA; please mention that this is task #1!)) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox Election |
{{Infobox Election |
||
| election_name = Italian general election |
| election_name = 2001 Italian general election |
||
| country = Italy |
| country = Italy |
||
| type = parliamentary |
| type = parliamentary |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| ongoing = no |
| ongoing = no |
||
| turnout = 81.4% |
| turnout = 81.4% |
||
| previous_election = Italian general election |
| previous_election = 1996 Italian general election |
||
| previous_year = 1996 |
| previous_year = 1996 |
||
| next_election = Italian general election |
| next_election = 2006 Italian general election |
||
| next_year = 2006 |
| next_year = 2006 |
||
| seats_for_election = All 630 seats in the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies]] <br> 315 seats in the [[Italian Senate]] |
| seats_for_election = All 630 seats in the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies]] <br> 315 seats in the [[Italian Senate]] |
||
Revision as of 01:13, 13 December 2018
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 630 seats in the Italian Chamber of Deputies 315 seats in the Italian Senate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnout | 81.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Election results maps for the Chamber of Deputies (on the left) and for the Senate (on the right). On the left, the color identifies the coalition which received the most votes in each province. On the right, the color identifies the coalition which won the most seats in respect to each Region. Blue denotes the Centre-right coalition, Red the Centre-left coalition and Gray regional parties. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
A national general election was held in Italy on 13 May 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The 14th Parliament of the Italian republic was chosen.
The election was won by the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi, defeating Francesco Rutelli, former Mayor of Rome, and Prime Ministerial candidate of the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree, and rising back to power after Berlusconi's first victory, in the 1994 general election.
Electoral system
The intricate electoral system, called scorporo, provided 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the Lower House) as elected by first-past-the-post system, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned on a proportional way with a minimum threshold of 4%.
The method used for the Senate was even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that assigned the remaining seats to minority parties. Formally, these were examples of additional member systems.
General election
Campaign
For this election Berlusconi again ran as leader of the centre-right coalition the House of Freedoms (Italian: La Casa delle Libertà), which included the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, the Northern League, the National Alliance and other parties.
On the television interviews programme Porta a Porta, during the last days of the electoral campaign, Berlusconi created a powerful impression on the public by undertaking to sign a so-called Contratto con gli Italiani (English: Contract with the Italians), an idea copied outright by his advisor Luigi Crespi from the Newt Gingrich's Contract with America introduced six weeks before the 1994 US Congressional election,[1] which was widely considered to be a creative masterstroke in his 2001 campaign bid for prime ministership. In this solemn agreement, Berlusconi claimed his commitment on improving several aspects of the Italian economy and life. Firstly, he undertook to simplify the complex tax system by introducing just two tax rates (33% for those earning over 100,000 euros, and 23% for anyone earning less than that figure: anyone earning less than 11,000 euros a year would not be taxed); secondly, he promised to halve the unemployment rate; thirdly, he undertook to finance and develop a massive new public works programme. Fourthly, he promised to raise the minimum monthly pension rate to 516 euros; and fifthly, he would suppress the crime wave by introducing police officers to patrol all local zones and areas in Italy's major cities.[2] Berlusconi undertook to refrain from putting himself up for re-election in 2006 if he failed to honour at least four of these five promises.
Main coalitions and parties
Coalitions' leaders
| Portrait | Name | Most recent position | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
style="background:Template:House of Freedoms/meta/color;" | | Silvio Berlusconi (1936– ) |
(1994–1995) Other positions
|
[3][4] |
|
style="background:Template:The Olive Tree (Italy)/meta/color;" | | Francesco Rutelli (1954– ) |
(1993–2001) Other positions
|
[5][6] |
|
style="background:Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color;" | | Fausto Bertinotti (1940– ) |
Refoundation Party (1994–incumbent) Other positions
|
[7][8] |
|
style="background:Template:Italy of Values/meta/color;" | | Antonio Di Pietro (1950– ) |
(1996–1996) Other positions
|
[9][10] |
|
Sergio D'Antoni (1946– ) |
(1991–2000) Other positions
|
[11][12] | |
|
Emma Bonino (1948– ) |
and Consumer Protection (1995–1999) Other positions
|
[13][14] | |
Results for the Chamber of Deputies
Overall results
 | |||||||||||
| Coalition | Party | Proportional | First-past-the-post | Total seats |
+/– | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||||
| rowspan="8" bgcolor="Template:House of Freedoms/meta/color"| | House of Freedoms | bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" | | Forza Italia (FI) | 10,923,431 | 29.43 | 62 | 16,915,513 | 45.57 | 132 | 194[15] | +71 |
| bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" | | National Alliance (AN) | 4,463,205 | 12.02 | 24 | 75 | 99 | +6 | ||||
| bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color" | | Northern League (LN) | 1,464,301 | 3.94 | 0 | 30 | 30 | −29 | ||||
| White Flower (CCD–CDU) | 1,194,040 | 3.22 | 0 | 40 | 40 | +10 | |||||
| bgcolor="Template:New Italian Socialist Party/meta/color"| | New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI) | 353,269 | 0.95 | 0 | 3 | 3 | New | ||||
| bgcolor="Template:Sardinian Reformers/meta/color"| | Sardinian Reformers (RS) | — | — | 0 | 1 | 1 | +1 | ||||
| New Sicily (NS) | — | — | 0 | 1 | 1 | New | |||||
| Total seats | 86 | 282 | 368 | – | |||||||
| rowspan="7" style="background:Template:The Olive Tree (Italy)/meta/color;"| | The Olive Tree | bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color" | | Democrats of the Left (DS) | 6,151,154 | 16.57 | 31 | 16,019,388 | 43.15 | 105 | 136 | −36 |
| bgcolor="Template:The Daisy/meta/color" | | The Daisy (DL) | 5,391,827 | 14.52 | 27 | 56 | 83 | −12 | ||||
| bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | | The Sunflower (FdV–SDI) | 805,340 | 2.17 | 0 | 17 | 17 | – | ||||
| Party of Italian Communists (PdCI) | 620,859 | 1.67 | 0 | 10 | 10 | New | |||||
| South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) | 200,059 | 0.54 | 0 | 3 | 3 | ±0 | |||||
| With Illy for Trieste | 78,284 | 0.21 | 0 | 1 | 1 | New | |||||
| Total seats | 58 | 192 | 250 | – | |||||||
| style="background:Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color;" | | Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) | 1,868,659 | 5.03 | 11 | — | — | 0 | 11 | −24 | ||
| Aosta Valley (VdA) | — | — | 0 | 25,577 | 0.07 | 1 | 1 | ±0 | |||
| Total | 630 | – | |||||||||
Proportional
In 2001 the proportional list exhausted before all the deputies - which the winning party was entitled to - were declared elected.[16]
First-past-the-post
| Parties and coalitions | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:House of Freedoms/meta/color" | | House of Freedoms | 16,915,513 | 45.57 | 282 |
| style="background-color:Template:The Olive Tree (Italy)/meta/color"| | The Olive Tree | 16,019,388 | 43.15 | 183 |
| style="background-color:Template:Italy of Values/meta/color"| | Italy of Values | 1,487,287 | 4.01 | 0 |
| European Democracy | 1,310,119 | 3.53 | 0 | |
| Bonino List | 457,117 | 1.23 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:The Olive Tree (political coalition)/meta/color"| | South Tyrolean People's Party–The Olive Tree | 190,556 | 0.51 | 5 |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 173,735 | 0.47 | 3 | |
| Liga Fronte Veneto | 173,618 | 0.47 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:Tricolour Flame/meta/color" | | Tricolour Flame | 121,527 | 0.33 | 0 |
| With Illy for Trieste | 78,284 | 0.21 | 1 | |
| La Bassa in Parliament | 26,151 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Aosta Valley | 25,577 | 0.07 | 1 | |
| Autonomous Socialists | 24,341 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Democrats of the Left (Aosta Valley) | 20,452 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Southern League of Action | 19,366 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Buonanno | 19,046 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| National Front | 16,202 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:Centre-right coalition/meta/color" | | Forza Italia-Lega Nord (Aosta Valley) | 16,049 | 0.04 | 0 |
| style="background-color:Template:European Republicans Movement/meta/color" | | European Republicans Movement | 15,600 | 0.04 | 0 |
| European Populars | 13,447 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Greens Greens | 13,220 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Amadu List | 12,233 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:New Italian Socialist Party/meta/color" | | New Italian Socialist Party | 9,663 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Freedom Movement | 9,006 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Camonica Valley-Liberal Democrats | 8,257 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| People's List | 8,091 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Communism | 6,777 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Alternative List | 6,612 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:New Force/meta/color" | | New Force | 6,294 | 0.02 | 0 |
| We the Sicilians | 6,121 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| style="background-color:Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color" | | National Alliance (Aosta Valley) | 4,464 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Third Pole for Autonomy | 3,491 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Alto Milanese People | 1,409 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Total | 37,259,705 | 100.00 | 475 | |
Results for the Senate of the Republic
Leaders' races
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Freedoms | Silvio Berlusconi | 42,098 | 53.6 | ||
| The Olive Tree | Giovanni Rivera | 28,651 | 36.5 | ||
| Radicals | Benedetto Della Vedova | 4,874 | 6.21 | ||
| IdV | Adriano Ciccioni | 2,835 | 3.6 | ||
| Majority | 13,447 | 17.1 | |||
| Turnout | 81,412 | 80.4 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Olive Tree | Francesco Rutelli | 36,457 | 56.7 | ||
| House of Freedoms | Elio Vito | 25,463 | 39.6 | ||
| IdV | Pietro Tagliatesta | 2,348 | 3.6 | ||
| Majority | 10,994 | 17.1 | |||
| Turnout | 66,479 | 77.4 | |||
References
- ^ Gingrich, Newt; Armey, Dick (1994). Contract With America: The Bold Plan.
- ^ Ricolfi, Luca (2005). Dossier Italia: a che punto è il 'contratto con gli italiani. Il mulino.
- ^ I manifesti elettorali di Silvio Berlusconi dal 1994 ad oggi
- ^ Berlusconi: il contratto del 2001
- ^ Rutelli ammette la sconfitta. "Ora opposizione dura"
- ^ Politiche 2001: manifestazione di chiusura della campagna elettorale per il nord Italia con Francesco Rutelli
- ^ [hhttp://www.repubblica.it/online/politica/bertinotti/marte/marte.html Rutelli non convince Bertinotti. "Da soli alle elezioni"]
- ^ Elezioni, Bertinotti: "Non ci sarà desistenza con l'Ulivo"
- ^ Elezioni 2001, navigando tra i siti della politica
- ^ Ministero dell'Interno – Archivio Storico Elezioni
- ^ Sergio D'Antoni – Enciclopedia Treccani
- ^ Il centrodestra dilaga in Sicilia: 61 collegi su 61
- ^ Radicali nelle istituzioni
- ^ Emma Bonino – Biografia
- ^ Including one deputy of the Italian Republican Party
- ^ Buonomo, Giampiero (2001). "Cercansi candidati per 14 seggi. La speranza della (lista) civetta". Diritto&Giustizia edizione online. – via Questia (subscription required)
- ^ Including the results of SVP and SVP–Olive Tree
- ^ 13,106,860 votes for The Olive Tree, 175,635 votes for the SVP–Olive Tree and 126,177 votes for the SVP
- ^ 38.70% of the votes for The Olive Tree, 0.52% of the votes for the SVP–Olive Tree and 0.37% of the votes for the SVP
External links
- Repubblica.it: About 2001 Election (in Italian)
- Corriere della Sera: About 2001 Election (in Italian)
- CNN.com: About 2001 Election
- Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 2001 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies (in Italian)
- Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 2001 Election Results, Senate of the Republic (in Italian)
