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{{Short description|Tribe and ethnic group of Papua New Guinea}} |
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{{ref improve|date=February 2013}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Etoro''', or '''Edolo''', are a tribe and ethnic group of [[Papua New Guinea]]. Their territory comprises the southern slopes of [[Mt. Sisa]], along the southern edge of the central mountain range of [[New Guinea]], near the [[Papuan Plateau]]. They are well known among [[anthropology|anthropologists]] because of ritual acts practiced between the young boys and men of the tribe. The Etoro believe that young males must [[semen ingestion|ingest the semen]] of their elders to achieve adult male status and to properly mature and grow strong.<ref>{{ |
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| ⚫ | The '''Etoro''', or '''Edolo''', are a tribe and ethnic group of [[Papua New Guinea]]. Their territory comprises the southern slopes of [[Mt. Sisa]], along the southern edge of the central mountain range of [[New Guinea]], near the [[Papuan Plateau]]. They are well known among [[anthropology|anthropologists]] because of ritual acts practiced between the young boys and men of the tribe. The Etoro believe that young males must [[semen ingestion|ingest the semen]] of their elders to achieve adult male status and to properly mature and grow strong.<ref>{{harvnb|Henrich|Heine|Norenzayan|2010}}</ref> |
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The Etoro believe that they each contain a certain amount of [[Energy (esotericism)|life force]], the highest concentrations of which are contained in semen. This life force passes to others through sexual relations. Women are seen to waste the life force if they do not get pregnant after sexual intercourse. As people get older, and their bodies weaken, this is attributed to a depletion of their life force. |
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In 2009, the [[National Geographic Society]] reported an estimate that there were fewer than 1668 speakers of the Etoro/[[Edolo language]].{{sfn|Harrison|2009}} |
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==Marriage== |
==Marriage== |
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O'Neil and Kottak agree that most men marry and have heterosexual relations with their wives. The fear that heterosexual sex causes them to die earlier and the belief that homosexual sex prolongs life means that heterosexual relations are focused towards reproduction.<ref>{{ |
O'Neil and Kottak agree that most men marry and have heterosexual relations with their wives. The fear that heterosexual sex causes them to die earlier and the belief that homosexual sex prolongs life means that heterosexual relations are focused towards reproduction.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Neil|2007}}; {{harvnb|Kottak|2012}}.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Baruya people]] |
*[[Baruya people]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{Cite web |first=David |last=Harrison |url=http://travel.nationalgeographic.com.au/travel/enduring-voices/png-expedition/|title=Papua New Guinea Expedition: Enduring Voices Project, Endangered Languages, Map, Facts, Photos, Videos|date=Summer 2009|website=National Geographic|access-date=2016-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507232530/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com.au/travel/enduring-voices/png-expedition/ |archive-date=2016-05-07 |url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Henrich |first1=Joseph |last2=Heine |first2=Steven |last3=Norenzayan |first3=Ara |title=The weirdest people in the world? |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences |date=2010 |volume=33 |issue=2–3 |pages=61–83; discussion 83–135 |doi=10.1017/S0140525X0999152X |pmid=20550733 |url=http://hci.ucsd.edu/102b/readings/WeirdestPeople.pdf|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-26A1-6 |hdl-access=free }} |
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* Kottak, Conrad Phillip. ''Cultural Anthropology, 12th Ed.'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. |
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* {{cite book |last=Kelly |first=Raymond |chapter=Witchcraft and Sexual Relations |editor1=Paula Brown |editor2=Georgeda Buchbinder |title=Man and Woman in the New Guinea Highlands |date=1976 |pages=36–53 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=American Anthropological Society |oclc=2717615 |trans-quote=no electronic version}} |
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* Kelly, Raymond, ''Witchcraft and Sexual Relations'', In P. Brown, and G. Buchbinder (eds.), ''Man and Woman in the New Guinea Highlands'', 1976 (no electronic version available) |
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* {{cite book |last=Kottak |first=Conrad Phillip |title=Cultural Anthropology |url=https://pdfmanual.monster/downloads/4759260-cultural-anthropology-kottak-15th-edition |url-access=registration |edition=15th |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |date=2012 |isbn=9780078035012}} |
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| ⚫ | * {{cite book |last=O'Neil |first=Dennis |chapter-url=https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/marriage/marriage_6.htm |chapter=Homosexuality |title=Sex and Marriage: An Introduction to The Cultural Rules Regulating Sexual Access and Marriage |publisher=Palomar College, Behavioral Sciences Department |location=San Marcos, California |date=2007 |access-date=March 21, 2021}} |
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{{Papuan ethnic groups}} |
{{Papuan ethnic groups}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea]] |
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea]] |
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[[Category:Tribes of Oceania]] |
[[Category:Tribes of Oceania]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:40, 28 October 2023
The Etoro, or Edolo, are a tribe and ethnic group of Papua New Guinea. Their territory comprises the southern slopes of Mt. Sisa, along the southern edge of the central mountain range of New Guinea, near the Papuan Plateau. They are well known among anthropologists because of ritual acts practiced between the young boys and men of the tribe. The Etoro believe that young males must ingest the semen of their elders to achieve adult male status and to properly mature and grow strong.[1]
In 2009, the National Geographic Society reported an estimate that there were fewer than 1668 speakers of the Etoro/Edolo language.[2]
Marriage[edit]
O'Neil and Kottak agree that most men marry and have heterosexual relations with their wives. The fear that heterosexual sex causes them to die earlier and the belief that homosexual sex prolongs life means that heterosexual relations are focused towards reproduction.[3]
See also[edit]
- Baruya people
- Pedophilia
- Rite of passage
- Edolo language
- Sambia people
- Kaluli people
- LGBT rights in Papua New Guinea
References[edit]
- Harrison, David (Summer 2009). "Papua New Guinea Expedition: Enduring Voices Project, Endangered Languages, Map, Facts, Photos, Videos". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2016-05-07. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
- Henrich, Joseph; Heine, Steven; Norenzayan, Ara (2010). "The weirdest people in the world?" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 33 (2–3): 61–83, discussion 83–135. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999152X. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-26A1-6. PMID 20550733.
- Kelly, Raymond (1976). "Witchcraft and Sexual Relations". In Paula Brown; Georgeda Buchbinder (eds.). Man and Woman in the New Guinea Highlands. Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Society. pp. 36–53. OCLC 2717615. [no electronic version]
- Knauft, Bruce M. (2003). "What Ever Happened to Ritualized Homosexuality? Modern Sexual Subjects in Melanesia and Elsewhere". Annual Review of Sex Research. Retrieved November 5, 2006.
- Kottak, Conrad Phillip (2012). Cultural Anthropology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780078035012.
- O'Neil, Dennis (2007). "Homosexuality". Sex and Marriage: An Introduction to The Cultural Rules Regulating Sexual Access and Marriage. San Marcos, California: Palomar College, Behavioral Sciences Department. Retrieved March 21, 2021.