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Template:Japanese name Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源みなもと義よし朝あさ) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamoto clan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history. His son Minamoto no Yoritomo became shogun and founded the Kamakura Shogunate, the first shogunate in the history of Japan.

Hōgen Rebellion

With the outbreak of the Hōgen Rebellion in 1156, the members of the Minamoto and Taira samurai clans were beckoned into the conflict. Yoshitomo sided along with Taira no Kiyomori in support of the Emperor Go-Shirakawa and Fujiwara no Tadamichi, while his father Minamoto no Tameyoshi sided with the retired Emperor Sutoku and Fujiwara no Yorinaga. Yoshitomo, defeating his father and the forces of Sutoku and Yorinaga, became head of the Minamoto and established himself as a political power in the capital of Kyoto. However, despite his attempts to have his father pardoned, Tameyoshi was executed. Also, the outcome of the Hōgen rebellion established the Minamoto and Taira as the two strongest political rivals in the country.^[1]

Heiji Rebellion

Three years later in 1159, Yoshitomo and Fujiwara no Nobuyori placed Go-Shirakawa under house arrest and killed his retainer, the scholar Fujiwara no Michinori, in what is called the Heiji Rebellion. Eventually, Taira no Kiyomori, in support of Go-Shirakawa, defeated Yoshitomo.^[1]^{: 255–258}

While escaping from Kyoto, Yoshitomo was forced to kill his son Tomonaga. Later, Yoshitomo was betrayed and killed in his bath. Three of his sons, Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Minamoto no Noriyori, were later spared and exiled by Kiyomori. However, Yoshihira and Nobuyori were executed.^[2]

His grave in Aichi Prefecture is surrounded on all sides by wooden swords (bokuto), as by legend his last words were "If only I had even a bokuto...".

Family

Yoshitomo fathered nine sons in total. His two sons, Yoshihira and Tomonaga, lost their lives following the Minamoto Clan's defeat in the Heiji Rebellion. At the time of the outbreak of the Genpei War in 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo was his eldest surviving son. His six remaining sons in order from eldest to youngest were Yoshikado, Mareyoshi, Noriyori, Zenjo, Gien, and Yoshitsune.^[3]

Father: Minamoto no Tameyoshi (源為義みなもとのためよし, 1096–1156)
Mother: daughter of Fujiwara no Tadakiyo (藤原ふじわら忠清ただきよの娘むすめ)
- Wife: Yura Gozen (由良ゆら御前ごぜん, ?–1159), daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori (藤原ふじわら季き範はん). Also known as Urahime (由良ゆら姫ひめ).
  - 3rd son: Minamoto no Yoritomo (源みなもと頼朝よりとも, 1147–1199)
  - 4th son: Minamoto no Yoshikado (源みなもと義よし門もん, ?–?)
  - 5th son: Minamoto no Mareyoshi (源みなもと希のぞみ義よし, 1152–1180 or 1182)
- Concubine: Tokiwa Gozen (常盤御前ときわごぜん, 1138–c.1180)
  - 7th son: Ano Zenjō (阿野あの全ぜん成なり, 1153–1203)
  - 8th son: Minamoto no Gien (源みなもと義円ぎえん, 1155–1181)
  - 9th son: Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源義経みなもとのよしつね, 1159–1189)
- Concubine: daughter of Miura Yoshiaki (三浦みうら義明よしあき娘むすめ)
  - 1st son: Minamoto no Yoshihira (源みなもと義平よしひら, 1141–1160)
- Concubine: sister of Hatano Yoshimichi (波多野はたの義よし通どおり妹いもうと)
  - 2nd son: Minamoto no Tomonaga (源みなもと朝長ともなが, 1143–1160)
- Concubine: a prostitute from Ideda-jiku (池田いけだ宿やど), Tōtōmi Province (present day Iwata, Shizuoka)
  - 6th son: Minamoto no Noriyori (源範頼みなもとののりより, 1150–1193)
- Concubine: a cook of Aohaka Chōja (青墓あおはか長者ちょうじゃ大炊おおい)

References

^ ^a ^b Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 210–211, 255–256. ISBN 0804705232.
^ Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 40. ISBN 0026205408.
^ "Minamoto family", Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 5, (New York: Kodansha, 1983), 177.

Bibliography

Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. page 60.

[Sansom-1] Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 210–211, 255–256. ISBN 0804705232.

[Turnbull3-2] Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 40. ISBN 0026205408.

[3] "Minamoto family", Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 5, (New York: Kodansha, 1983), 177.

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[2]

[3]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ** Concubine: '''sister of Hatano Yoshimichi''' (波多野はたの義よし通どおり妹いもうと)
 *** 2nd son: '''[[Minamoto no Tomonaga]]''' (源みなもと朝長ともなが, 1143–1160)
-** Concubine: '''a prostitute from Ideda-jiku (池田いけだ宿やど), [[Tōtōmi Province]]''' (present day [[Iwata, Shizuoka]])
+** Concubine: '''a prostitute''' from Ideda-jiku (池田いけだ宿やど), [[Tōtōmi Province]] (present day [[Iwata, Shizuoka]])
 *** 6th son: '''[[Minamoto no Noriyori]]''' (源範頼みなもとののりより, 1150–1193)
 ** Concubine: '''a cook of Aohaka Chōja''' (青墓あおはか長者ちょうじゃ大炊おおい)

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