Minamoto no Yoshitomo: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 14:57, 11 November 2020

Former Hiraji battle warfare Yoshimasa Shirakawa night view. It features Minamoto no Yoshitomo.

Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源みなもと義よし朝あさ) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamoto clan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history. His son Minamoto no Yoritomo became shōgun and founded the Kamakura shogunate, the first shogunate in the history of Japan.

His Dharma name was Shōjō Juin (勝かつ定じょう寿ことぶき院いん).

Hōgen Rebellion

With the outbreak of the Hōgen Rebellion in 1156, the members of the Minamoto and Taira samurai clans were beckoned into the conflict. Yoshitomo sided along with Taira no Kiyomori in support of the Emperor Go-Shirakawa and Fujiwara no Tadamichi, while his father Minamoto no Tameyoshi sided with the retired Emperor Sutoku and Fujiwara no Yorinaga. Yoshitomo, defeating his father and the forces of Sutoku and Yorinaga, became head of the Minamoto and established himself as a political power in the capital of Kyoto. However, despite his attempts to have his father pardoned, Tameyoshi was executed. Also, the outcome of the Hōgen rebellion established the Minamoto and Taira as the two strongest political rivals in the country.^[1]

Heiji Rebellion

Three years later in 1159, Yoshitomo and Fujiwara no Nobuyori placed Go-Shirakawa under house arrest and killed his retainer, the scholar Fujiwara no Michinori, in what is called the Heiji Rebellion. Eventually, Taira no Kiyomori, in support of Go-Shirakawa, defeated Yoshitomo.^[1]^{: 255–258}

While escaping from Kyoto, Yoshitomo was forced to kill his son Tomonaga. Later, Yoshitomo was betrayed and killed in his bath. Three of his sons, Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Minamoto no Noriyori, were later spared and exiled by Kiyomori. However, Yoshihira and Nobuyori were executed.^[2]

His grave in Aichi Prefecture is surrounded on all sides by wooden swords (bokuto), as by legend his last words were "If only I had even a bokuto..."

Family

Yoshitomo fathered nine sons in total. His two sons, Yoshihira and Tomonaga, lost their lives following the Minamoto Clan's defeat in the Heiji Rebellion. At the time of the outbreak of the Genpei War in 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo was his eldest surviving son. His six remaining sons in order from eldest to youngest were Yoshikado, Mareyoshi, Noriyori, Zenjo, Gien, and Yoshitsune.^[3]

Father: Minamoto no Tameyoshi (源為義みなもとのためよし, 1096–1156)
Mother: daughter of Fujiwara no Tadakiyo (藤原ふじわら忠清ただきよの娘むすめ)
- Wife: Yura Gozen (由良ゆら御前ごぜん, ?–1159), "Urahime" (由良ゆら姫ひめ), daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori (藤原ふじわら季き範はん).
  - 3rd son: Minamoto no Yoritomo (源みなもと頼朝よりとも, 1147–1199)
- Concubine: Tokiwa Gozen (常盤御前ときわごぜん, 1138–c.1180)
  - 1st son: Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源義経みなもとのよしつね, 1159–1189)
- Concubine: daughter of Miura Yoshiaki (三浦みうら義明よしあき娘むすめ)
  - 1st son: Minamoto no Yoshihira (源みなもと義平よしひら, 1141–1160)
- Concubine: sister of Hatano Yoshimichi (波多野はたの義よし通どおり妹いもうと)
  - 2nd son: Minamoto no Tomonaga (源みなもと朝長ともなが, 1143–1160)
- Concubine: a prostitute from Ideda-jiku (池田いけだ宿やど), Tōtōmi Province (present day Iwata, Shizuoka)
  - 6th son: Minamoto no Noriyori (源範頼みなもとののりより, 1150–1193)

References

^ ^a ^b Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 210–211, 255–256. ISBN 0804705232.
^ Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 40. ISBN 0026205408.
^ "Minamoto family", Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 5, (New York: Kodansha, 1983), 177.

Bibliography

Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. page 60.

[Sansom-1] Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. pp. 210–211, 255–256. ISBN 0804705232.

[Turnbull3-2] Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 40. ISBN 0026205408.

[3] "Minamoto family", Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 5, (New York: Kodansha, 1983), 177.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ==Family==
-Yoshitomo fathered five sons in total. His two sons, [[Minamoto no Yoshihira|Yoshihira]] and [[Minamoto no Tomonaga|Tomonaga]], lost their lives following the Minamoto Clan's defeat in the Heiji Rebellion. At the time of the outbreak of the [[Genpei War]] in 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo was his eldest surviving son.
+Yoshitomo fathered nine sons in total. His two sons, [[Minamoto no Yoshihira|Yoshihira]] and [[Minamoto no Tomonaga|Tomonaga]], lost their lives following the Minamoto Clan's defeat in the Heiji Rebellion. At the time of the outbreak of the [[Genpei War]] in 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo was his eldest surviving son. His six remaining sons in order from eldest to youngest were Yoshikado, Mareyoshi, [[Minamoto no Noriyori|Noriyori]], Zenjo, Gien, and [[Minamoto no Yoshitsune|Yoshitsune]].<ref>"Minamoto family", Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 5, (New York: Kodansha, 1983), 177.</ref>
 * Father: '''[[Minamoto no Tameyoshi]]''' (源為義みなもとのためよし, 1096–1156)
 * Mother: '''daughter of Fujiwara no Tadakiyo''' (藤原ふじわら忠清ただきよの娘むすめ)
 ** Wife: '''Yura Gozen''' (由良ゆら御前ごぜん, ?–1159), "'''Urahime'''" (由良ゆら姫ひめ), daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori (藤原ふじわら季き範はん).
-*** 1st son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoritomo]]''' (源みなもと頼朝よりとも, 1147–1199)
+*** 3rd son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoritomo]]''' (源みなもと頼朝よりとも, 1147–1199)
-*** 2nd son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoshitsune]]''' (源義経みなもとのよしつね, 1159–1189)
+** Concubine: '''[[Tokiwa Gozen]]''' (常盤御前ときわごぜん, 1138–c.1180)
-*** 3rd son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoshihira]]''' (源みなもと義よし平ひらた, 1141–1160)
+*** 1st son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoshitsune]]''' (源みなもと義よし経けい, 1159–1189)
-*** 4th son: '''[[Minamoto no Tomonaga]]''' (源みなもと朝長ともなが, 1143–1160)
+** Concubine: '''daughter of Miura Yoshiaki''' (三浦みうら義明よしあき娘むすめ)
-*** 5th son: '''[[Minamoto no Noriyori]]''' (源みなもと範はん頼よりゆき, 1150–1193)
+*** 1st son: '''[[Minamoto no Yoshihira]]''' (源みなもと義平よしひら, 1141–1160)
+** Concubine: '''sister of Hatano Yoshimichi''' (波多野はたの義よし通どおり妹いもうと)
+*** 2nd son: '''[[Minamoto no Tomonaga]]''' (源みなもと朝長ともなが, 1143–1160)
+** Concubine: '''a prostitute''' from Ideda-jiku (池田いけだ宿やど), [[Tōtōmi Province]] (present day [[Iwata, Shizuoka]])
+*** 6th son: '''[[Minamoto no Noriyori]]''' (源範頼みなもとののりより, 1150–1193)
 ==See also==

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Japan