Acheng, Harbin
Acheng
| |
|---|---|
 Location of Acheng in Harbin | |
.png) Harbin in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 45°32′12″N 126°58′02″E / 45.5368°N 126.9671°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Sub-provincial city | Harbin |
| Subdivisions | 9 subdistricts 8 towns 1 township 1 ethnic township |
| Seat | Jincheng Subdistrict ( |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,452.1 km2 (946.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2018)[2] | |
| • Total | 544,514 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (580/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 1503XX |
| Area code | 0451 |
| Acheng, Harbin | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | |||||||
| |||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||
| Romanization | Alchuka | ||||||
Acheng District (Manchu Language: Alcuka Hoton) is one of nine districts of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, covering part of the southeastern suburbs. The district was approved to establish from the former Acheng City (
History[edit]
Acheng was known to medieval China as Huining Prefecture, an area of Shangjing. Its eponymous seat served as the first capital of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1122–1234) and served as a subsidiary capital from 1173 until their conquest by the Mongolian Empire.[5] There is currently a museum at the site, about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the Acheng urban area.
Acheng County was established in 1909. It was designated a county-level city in 1987 and turned into a district of Harbin on October 9, 2006.[6]
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Acheng (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
34.7 (94.5) |
39.2 (102.6) |
36.3 (97.3) |
35.5 (95.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
2.8 (37.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
10.3 (50.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −18.2 (−0.8) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
15.0 (59.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.4 (70.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
6.2 (43.2) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
8.7 (47.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −37.5 (−35.5) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
−27.6 (−17.7) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−28.8 (−19.8) |
−35.2 (−31.4) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.15) |
5.0 (0.20) |
11.4 (0.45) |
20.7 (0.81) |
58.6 (2.31) |
94.5 (3.72) |
143.2 (5.64) |
114.7 (4.52) |
57.4 (2.26) |
27.4 (1.08) |
14.9 (0.59) |
7.5 (0.30) |
559 (22.03) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 7.1 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 12.9 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 103.9 |
| Average snowy days | 8.6 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 8.0 | 10.2 | 47.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 67 | 58 | 50 | 55 | 67 | 78 | 80 | 72 | 64 | 67 | 73 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 173.3 | 198.5 | 236.2 | 233.4 | 245.5 | 247.1 | 227.7 | 223.3 | 231.6 | 196.8 | 157.7 | 152.5 | 2,523.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 61 | 67 | 64 | 57 | 53 | 53 | 49 | 52 | 62 | 59 | 56 | 57 | 58 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Population[edit]
| Year | Urban population | Total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1989[5] | 188,600 | |
| 1994[1] | 219,500 | 631,700 |
| 2010 | 596,856 |
Administrative divisions[edit]
Acheng is divided into fifteen subdistricts and four towns:[9][10]
Subdistricts:
- Jincheng Subdistrict (
金城 街道 ), Jindou Subdistrict (金 都 街道 ), Tongcheng Subdistrict (通 城 街道 ), Hedong Subdistrict (河 东街道 ), Ashenhe Subdistrict (阿 什河街道 ), Sheli Subdistrict (舍利 街道 ), Xinli Subdistrict (新 利 街道 ), Shuangfeng Subdistrict (双 丰街道 ), Yuquan Subdistrict (玉 泉 街道 ), Xiaoling Subdistrict (小 岭街道 ), Yagou Subdistrict (亚沟街道 ), Jiaojie Subdistrict (交界街道 ), Liaodian Subdistrict (料 甸街道 ), Feiketu Subdistrict (蜚克图街道 ), Yangshu Subdistrict (杨树街道 )
Towns:
- Pingshan (
平山 镇), Songfengshan (松峰 山 镇), Hongxing (红星镇), Jinlongshan (金 龙山镇)
Commerce[edit]
The area is rich in mineral resources, including sources of rock, volcanic rock, granite, molybdenum, zinc, lead, iron,[1] and copper.
The agricultural strengths of the area are grain production and cattle.[1] Grain production is strong, having produced 33,100 tons of grain in 2002; much of this grain is essential in feeding the important city of Harbin.
Acheng is a major industrial area for Heilongjiang, with over 300 types of enterprises, including textile,[1] electromechanics, food, building materials[1] (especially brickworks), metallurgy, breweries fueled by the local grain, sugar refineries, a flax plant,[5] iron, steel,[1] and the production of medicine. In 1996 a new technology industrial development zone was created on the western side of the city to encourage the development of high technology, export-oriented industry.
Tourism is also a growing part of the local economy. Acheng is located on the popular tourist route serving Harbin, the Yabuli Ski Resort, Jingpo Lake, and Xingkai Lake. A number of historic and nature reserves in the area also attract visitors.
Transport[edit]
Acheng District is a 50 km (31 mi) drive from Harbin Taiping International Airport.
The Harbin–Suifenhe Railway (part of the original Chinese Eastern Railway) passes through the district. There are over twenty commuter rail lines in the rural area. The station is Acheng Railway Station.
G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway and China National Highway 301 both connect the district to downtown Harbin.
People of note[edit]
- Huang Taihua: artist born in Acheng (1947), director of the Academy of Fine Arts of Acheng, director of the Heilongjiang Artists Association.
- Zhao Weichen: President of China Unicom, born in Acheng (1929)
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cohen 1998, p. 12
- ^
全国 各 县市区 人口 排 名 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2022-01-05. - ^
国 务院关于同意 黑 龙江省 调整哈尔滨市部分 行政 区 划的批复（国 函 〔2006〕73号 ） (in Simplified Chinese). gov.cn. 2006-08-15. Retrieved 2019-07-22. - ^ Ming 2011
- ^ a b c d Hoiberg 2010, p. 1
- ^ 哈尔滨日报 (2006). 哈尔滨市撤销阿
城市 设立阿 城 区 _振 兴东北 (in Chinese). 哈尔滨日报. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2015-08-17. - ^
中国 气象数 据 网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023. - ^
中国 气象数 据 网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 5 July 2023. - ^ Anon 2012 [dead link]
- ^ "
国家 统计局 2019" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
Bibliography[edit]
- Cohen, Saul B., ed. (1998) [1952]. "Acheng". The Columbia Gazetteer of the World. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11040-5.
- "Acheng, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150300" (Map). Google Maps. 2014. Retrieved 31 Jul 2014.
- Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "A-ch'eng". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
- Ming, Ben She. Yi (2011). Harbin Statistical Yearbook 2011 (Chinese: 《哈尔滨统计年鉴2011》). China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-6314-4.
- Anon (2012). 2011
年 统计用 区 划代码和城 乡划分 代 码：阿 城 区 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
External links[edit]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
