Duke Hu of Chen
Duke Hu of Chen | |||||||||||||
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1st ruler of Chen | |||||||||||||
Reign | 1046/45 BC – ? | ||||||||||||
Successor | Duke Shēn of Chen | ||||||||||||
Spouse | Da Ji ( | ||||||||||||
Issue | Duke Shēn of Chen Duke Xiang of Chen | ||||||||||||
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House | Gui | ||||||||||||
Dynasty | Chen | ||||||||||||
Father | Efu (閼父) |
Duke Hu of Chen (Chinese: 陈胡
During the Western Zhou, commoners began to be identified by their place of residence, which would go on to become their lineage surname. As the first ruler of Chen state, Duke Hu is therefore regarded as the originator of the surname Chen, one of the more prevalent family names in China, although he is not directly related as apical ancestor to many of the people who carry the name. After being granted the posthumous title of Duke Hu, his descendants began to use Hu as their surname. It was common during this time for descendants to take the posthumous title as their lineage surname, just as it was common, if not more so, to use a place name as a surname.[1] Duke Hu of Chen is thus also considered a founding ancestor of those with the surname Hu. The rulers of the Hồ (Hu) dynasty of Vietnam claimed to be Duke Hu's descendants.
Biography[edit]
Duke Hu was said to be a descendant of the legendary sage king Emperor Shun. His father Efu (閼父) served as taozheng (
After King Wu conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046/45 BC, he enfeoffed the descendants of three ancient sage kings in the newly conquered land, known as the San Ke (
After Duke Hu died, he was succeeded by his son Xihou (
Family[edit]
Wife: Daji (
Children
- Chen Shengong (
陳 申 公 ), older son, 2nd ruler of Chen - Chen Xianggong (
陳 相 公 ), younger son, 3rd ruler of Chen
Legacy[edit]
Duke Hu is honoured as the founding ancestor of the Chen surname, which originated in the state of Chen. As of 2020, Chen is the 5th most common surname in China and 4th most common in the world, shared by 70 million people within the country and over 100 million people worldwide (in 2014, there were 54 million in China and 80 million worldwide).[5]
Duke Hu's descendants adopted his posthumous name Hu as their surname, and Duke Hu is considered the primogenitor of the Hu clan, the 15th most common surname in China.[6] Dozens of other surnames, including Tian, Yuan, and Che, originated as branches of the Hu surname.[7]
The Chen clan would later found the Chen Dynasty of China and then the Trần dynasty (陈朝), a golden age of Vietnam. (Trần is the Vietnamese pronunciation of Chen).
In 1400 AD, Hồ Quý Ly overthrew the Trần dynasty and established the Hồ dynasty. Hồ is the Vietnamese pronunciation for Hú (
Tomb[edit]
Duke Hu's tomb was said to be made of iron and buried under water near the Dragon Lake in Huaiyang County. Archaeologists have found Western Zhou era pottery shards and Warring States-era roof tiles in the area. In 1995, Singaporean businessman Chen Yonghe (
Memorial[edit]
A memorial of Chen Hu Gong (陈胡
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Du Ruofu (
杜若 甫 ) (1986). "Surnames in China". Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 14 (2): 319. JSTOR 23767123. - ^ a b Yang 2003, p. 121.
- ^ Han 2010, pp. 2776–7.
- ^ Han 2010, pp. 2778–9.
- ^ a b
陳 姓 源 于淮陽 陳 胡 公 是 得 姓 始祖 及舜帝 的 後裔 [Chen surname originated in Huaiyang, Duke Hu of Chen is the founding ancestor and a descendant of Emperor Shun] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on May 29, 2015. - ^
胡 姓 起源 [Origin of the Hu surname]. Great China Genealogy (in Chinese). Retrieved 28 May 2015. - ^ a b 陈氏
遍 天下 , 淮阳是 老 家 -陈胡公 陵 园 [Mausoleum of Duke Hu of Chen] (in Chinese). Henan Provincial Government. 3 May 2012. Archived from the original on 29 May 2015. - ^ Ngô 1479, p. 296.
- ^ "
福建 省 陈氏委 员会新春 茶 话会". 陈胡公文 化 网. 2016-02-22. Archived from the original on 2016-10-26.
Sources[edit]
- Han, Zhaoqi, ed. (2010). "Houses of Chen and Qi". Shiji
史 记 (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3. - Ngô, Sĩ Liên (1479). Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [Complete Annals of Dai Viet] (in Vietnamese).
- Yang, Kuan (2003). Xi Zhou Shi
西 周 史 [History of the Western Zhou] (in Chinese). Shanghai People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-208-04538-5.