Dang Guo
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2022) |
Dang Guo (Chinese:
Origin[edit]
Dang Guo was short for Yi Dang Zhi Guo (以黨
In 1924, Sun said:
當 俄 國 革命 時 ,用 獨裁 政治 ,諸事 一切 不 顧,只 求 革命 成功 ……,其能成功 ,卽 因 其將黨 放 在國 上 。我 以爲。應 重 新 組織 ,把 黨 放 在國 上 。- Dāng éguó gémìng shí, yòng dúcái zhèngzhì, zhūshì yīqiè bùgù, zhǐ qiú gémìng chénggōng ..., Qí néng chénggōng, jí yīn qí jiāng dǎng fàng zài guó shàng. Wǒ yǐwèi. Yīng chóngxīn zǔzhī, bǎ dǎng fàng zài guó shàng.
- During the Russian Revolution, political dictatorship was used, everything else can be discarded, the only aim was the success of the revolution ... its success was because the party (Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)) was on top of the state. I suggest ... we should reorganize by putting the party (Kuomintang) on top of the state (ROC).
In practice[edit]
After Sun Yat-sen decided to follow and copy the Soviet Union as political system, his successor, Chiang Kai-shek, used the Kuomintang to control and operate both the national government of the Republic of China and the National Revolutionary Army, which was sometimes called "The Party's Army" (
The concept of Dang Guo was an outgrowth of Sun's concept of "political tutelage" during which the Kuomintang was to lead the state and to instruct the people on how the democratic system would work prior to the transition to full democracy.
Under Dang Guo, ROC military personnel and civil servants alike were expected to owe their allegiance to Kuomintang first and the state second, a policy reflected by such phrases as "Service to the Party and the Nation" (
The Kuomintang unified China in 1927 and started to prepare the state for democracy, as according to Sun's teaching. The Constitution of the Republic of China, enacted in 1947, stipulates that different parties shall enjoy equal status, and the National Revolutionary Army was returned to civilian control as the Army of the Republic of China. However, the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War caused the ROC to be under military rule of the KMT during the period of mobilization, when the ROC government relocated to Taiwan.
After martial law ended in 1987, all political parties became legal, and the Republic of China was democratized. Since then, the President of the Republic of China has been democratically elected by the people of Taiwan, which is called as Free Area by ROC. In 2000, Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party was elected as the first non-KMT president under the Constitution.
See also[edit]
- Chinese state nationalism
- Neoauthoritarianism
- Particracy
- Party-state capitalism
- Transitional Justice Commission
- Wild Strawberry student movement
Sources[edit]
- Xia, Ming. "The Communist Party of China and the "Party-State"". The New York Times.
- 张英
洪 :孙中山 的 以党治国 思想 (in Chinese) (Google translation) - 孙中
山 “以党治国 ”思想 的 形成 及其影 响 (in Chinese) - 吴敏:以党
治国 是 国民党 的 遗毒 (in Chinese) (Google translation) 浅 议孙中山 的 民主 宪政思想 对当代 中国 民主 政治 与国 家 现代化 的 启示作者 :李 昌 庚 (in Chinese)[permanent dead link] (Google translation)