Duke Huan of Tian Qi
Duke Huan of Qi | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruler of Qi | |||||
Reign | 374–357 BC | ||||
Predecessor | Yan, Duke of Qi | ||||
Successor | King Wei of Qi | ||||
Born | 400 BC | ||||
Died | 357 BC (aged 43) | ||||
Issue | King Wei of Qi | ||||
| |||||
House | House of Tian | ||||
Father | Duke Tai of Tian Qi | ||||
Mother | Consort Xiao |
Duke Huan of Tian Qi (Chinese:
Reign
[edit]Duke Huan was born in 400 BC, during the reign of Duke Kang, the last Qi ruler from the House of Jiang. In 386 BC Duke Kang was deposed by Duke Huan's father Duke Tai of Tian Qi, the first Qi ruler from the House of Tian. Duke Tai died in 384 BC and was succeeded by his son Tian Yan, Duke Huan's elder brother. In 375 BC Duke Huan murdered Tian Yan and his son Tian Xi, and usurped the throne.[1][2]
Duke Huan ruled through a period of war and instability. In the first five years of his reign, Qi was invaded by the states of Lu, Wei, Wey, and Zhao on separate occasions.[1] And besides murdering his brother and nephew, the Bamboo Annals also records that he killed his mother in the 11th year of his reign.[2] Although his grandson King Xuan is generally credited with the establishment of the Jixia Academy, other Chinese sources trace it to Duke Huan.[3]
Duke Huan reigned for 18 years and died in 357 BC, at the age of 43. He was succeeded by his son Tian Yinqi, under whose reign Qi would become the most powerful state of China. Yinqi would also be the first ruler to declare himself King of Qi, and is posthumously known as King Wei of Qi.[1]
Mausoleum
[edit]Duke Huan's mausoleum is located on the Dingzu Mountain (
All seven known mausoleums of Tian Qi rulers are now protected as a National Historical and Cultural Site.[4] Since 2008 they have been included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as part of the ancient Qi capital and mausoleum complex.[5]
Family
[edit]Sons:
- Prince Yinqi (
公子 因 齊 ; 378–320 BC), ruled as King Wei of Qi from 356–320 BC
Ancestry
[edit]Viscount Cheng of Tian | |||||||||||||||||||
Viscount Xiang of Tian | |||||||||||||||||||
Viscount Zhuang of Tian (d. 411 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||
Duke Tai of Tian Qi (d. 384 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||
Duke Huan of Tian Qi (400–357 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||
Consort Xiao | |||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Han Zhaoqi (韩兆琦) (2010). "House of Tian Jingzhong Wan". Shiji (
史 记) (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 3662–3664. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3. - ^ a b Annals of Wei, Bamboo Annals (in Chinese).
- ^ Makeham, John. Name and Actuality in Early Chinese Thought, p. 249. SUNY Press, 1994. ISBN 9780791419847.
- ^ a b c 战
国王 陵 的 典型 代表 --田 齐王陵 [Tian Qi mausoleums: typical examples of Warring States mausoleums] (in Chinese). Qidu.net. 11 January 2009. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012. - ^ a b "Site of the Qi State Capital and the Mausoleum of King of the Qi State at Linzi". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 June 2012.