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First Higher School

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Building one, First Higher School (Now used by the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo)

The First Higher School (第一高等学校だいちこうとうがっこう, Daiichi Kōtō Gakkō) was a university preparatory boy's boarding school in Tokyo, Japan. It is the direct predecessor of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Tokyo.[1]

Overview

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The school's emblem (Gokokuki)

The First Higher School was founded in 1886 as the nation's first higher school by separating the University of Tokyo's preparatory education division (東京大学とうきょうだいがく予備よび門もん), focusing on European languages such as German, French, and English, as the only university in the country, the University of Tokyo, used these languages for teaching at that time.

Modelled after pre-university colleges in the United Kingdom and the United States, its role was to provide future university students with liberal arts education as opposed to specialised university education (教養きょうよう主義しゅぎ, Kyōyōshugi).[2]

In pre-war Japan, students from the upper class often followed a career path described as 'Icchu-Ikko-Teidai (一いち中ちゅう一いち高だか帝みかど大だい)', which stands for 'the first middle school (today's Hibiya High School), the First Higher School, then the University of Tokyo'. As symbolised by this phrase, the school was deemed as the most prestigious higher school in the country.[3] Nine prime ministers of Japan were educated at the First Higher School (Kato, Wakatsuki, Hirota, Konoe, Hiranuma, Ashida, Hatoyama, Kishi and Fukuda).

After World War II, American-led educational reforms, targeting 'elitism', abolished higher schools, incorporating them into universities. The First Higher School was closed on 24 March 1950, and it became the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Tokyo. Although for a shorter period of a year and a half compared to three years in the pre-war system, all undergraduates at the university are matriculated at this college and receive liberal arts education. The college still operates on the same campus as the higher school (Komaba Campus, University of Tokyo), and maintains the culture of the school up to today.[4]

References

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  1. ^ "第一高等学校だいちこうとうがっこうホームページ". museum.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  2. ^ "日本にっぽんで｢教養きょうよう主義しゅぎ｣が失うしなわれた2つの納得なっとくする訳わけ". 東洋とうよう経済けいざいオンライン (in Japanese). 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  3. ^ "開成かいせいでも麻布まふでもない…戦前せんぜんの｢旧制きゅうせい一いち高だか｣合格ごうかく校こうランキングで絶対ぜったい王者おうじゃ･日比谷ひびや高校こうこうを破やぶった私立しりつ校こうの名前なまえ ドイツ語どいつご教育きょういくに力ちからを入いれたことが奏功そうこうした". PRESIDENT Online（プレジデントオンライン） (in Japanese). 2023-03-08. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  4. ^ "大学院だいがくいん総合そうごう文化ぶんか研究けんきゅう科か・教養きょうよう学部がくぶの歴史れきし – 総合そうごう情報じょうほう – 総合そうごう情報じょうほう". www.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
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