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Fukui Domain

Coordinates: 36°03′56″N 136°13′15″E / 36.065456°N 136.2209°E / 36.065456; 136.2209
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Fukui Domain
福井ふくい藩はん
Fukui-han
Domain of Japan
1600–1870
Moat at the former site of Fukui Castle in Fukui
Mon of the Matsudaira of Echizen Domain
CapitalFukui Castle
Area
 • Coordinates36°03′56″N 136°13′15″E / 36.065456°N 136.2209°E / 36.065456; 136.2209
Government
Daimyō 
• 1601-1607
Yūki Hideyasu (first)
• 1858-1871
Matsudaira Mochiaki (last)
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1600
1870
Contained within
 • ProvinceEchizen
Today part ofFukui Prefecture
Scale model of Fukui Castle

The Fukui Domain (福井ふくい藩はん, Fukui-han), also known as the Echizen Domain (越前えちぜん藩はん, Echizen-han), was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871.[1]

The Fukui Domain was based at Fukui Castle in Echizen Province, the core of the modern city of Fukui, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Fukui Domain was founded by Yūki Hideyasu, the son of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, and was ruled for all of its existence by the shinpan daimyō of the Matsudaira clan. The Fukui Domain was assessed under the Kokudaka system and its value peaked at 680,000 koku. The Fukui Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 after the Meiji Restoration and its territory was absorbed into Fukui Prefecture.

History

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In the Sengoku period, the area around Fukui was known as Kita-no-sho, and controlled by Shibata Katsutoyo, the adopted son of Shibata Katsuie, one of Oda Nobunaga's leading generals, after the Asakura clan was dispossessed by Shibata Katsuie. After Shibata Katsutoyo died of illness during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, the area was given to the Aoyama clan. However, the Aoyama sided with the Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari during the Battle of Sekigahara and were thus dispossessed by the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1601, Ieyasu awarded Echizen Province to his second son, Yūki Hideyasu as a 670,000 koku fief. Yūki Hideyasu was permitted to change his name to Matsudaira Hideyasu, and he rebuilt Fukui Castle and the surrounding jōkamachi as his capital.[2] His son, Matsudaira Tadanao was of violent disposition and was on bad terms with Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada, and was consequently dispossessed and banished to Kyushu. He was replaced by his younger brother, Matsudaira Tadamasa, with a reduction in kokudaka to 500,000 koku. His descendants continued to rule over Fukui until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Under Tadamasa's successor, Matsudaira Mitsumichi, the domain was reduced further with the creation of subsidiary domains as Yoshie Domain and Echizen-Maruoka Domain. the domain was plagued with financial difficulties through most of its history, due to frequent flooding, crop failure, epidemics and the profligate spending of its daimyō. In 1661, Fukui became the first han to issue hansatsu (domain paper money).[2]

In 1686, the domain faced a succession crisis and O-Ie Sōdō with the removal of Matsudaira Tsunamasa due to insanity was reduced from 475,000 koku to 250,000 koku.[3] A number of the later daimyō of Fukui were adopted into the clan from the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family, one of the Gosankyō, the three lesser branches of the Tokugawa clan.

During the Bakumatsu period, Matsudaira Yoshinaga (better known as Matsudaira Shungaku), was one of the leading political figures in the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate. The final daimyō of Fukui was Matsudaira Mochiaki, who served as imperial governor under the Meiji government until the abolition of the han system in 1871 and the creation of modern Fukui Prefecture.

List of daimyō

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Source:[4]

# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka
Matsudaira clan (shinpan) 1601–1871
1 Yūki Hideyasu (結城ゆうき秀康ひでやす)[4] 1601-1607 Gon-chūnagon (正せい三さん位い 権けん中納言ちゅうなごん) Senior 3rd Rank (正せい三さん位い ) 680,000 koku
2 Matsudaira Tadanao (松平まつだいら忠直ただなお)[4] 1607–1623 Sangi (参議さんぎ) Junior 3rd Rank (従したがえ三さん位い) 680,000 koku
3 Matsudaira Tadamasa (松平まつだいら忠昌ただまさ)[4] 1623–1645 Iyo-no-kami, Sangi (伊予いよ守もり 参議さんぎ) Senior 4th Rank (正せい四よん位い) 525,280 koku
4 Matsudaira Mitsumichi (松平まつだいら光ひかり通どおり)[4] 1645–1674 Echizen-no-kami ,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 450,000 koku
5 Matsudaira Masachika (松平まつだいら昌あきら親おや)[4] 1674–1676 Hyōbu-daisuke,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (兵部ひょうぶ大輔だいすけ 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 450,000 koku
6 Matsudaira Tsunamasa (松平まつだいら綱つな昌あきら)[4] 1676–1686 Echizen-no-kami ,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 450,000 koku
7 Matsudaira Yoshinori (松まつ平吉へいきち品ひん)[4] 1686–1710 Hyōbu-daisuke,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (兵部ひょうぶ大輔だいすけ 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 250,000 koku
8 Matsudaira Yoshikuni (松平まつだいら吉よし邦くに)[4] 1710–1721 Iyo-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (伊予いよ守もり 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 250,000 koku
9 Matsudaira Munemasa (松平まつだいら宗そう昌あきら)[4] 1721–1724 Takumi-no-kami, Jijū (内匠たくみ頭あたま 侍従じじゅう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 300,000 koku
10 Matsudaira Munenori (松平まつだいら宗矩むねのり)[4] 1724–1749 Hyōbu-daisuke,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (兵部ひょうぶ大輔だいすけ 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従したがえ四よん位い下か) 300,000 koku
11 Matsudaira Shigemasa (松平まつだいら重昌しげまさ)[4] 1749–1758 Echizen-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従したがえ四よん位い上じょう) 300,000 koku
12 Matsudaira Shigetomi (松平まつだいら重富しげとみ)[4] 1758–1799 Echizen-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-chūshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん中将ちゅうじょう) Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (正せい四よん位い下か) 300,000 koku
13 Matsudaira Haruyoshi (松平まつだいら治おさむ好このみ)[4] 1799–1825 Echizen-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-chūshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん中将ちゅうじょう) Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (正せい四よん位い下か) 320,000 koku
14 Matsudaira Naritsugu (松平まつだいら斉ひとし承うけたまわ)[4] 1826–1835 Echizen-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-shōshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん少将しょうしょう) Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従したがえ四よん位い上じょう) 320,000 koku
15 Matsudaira Narisawa (松平まつだいら斉ひとし善ぜん)[4] 1835–1838 Echizen-no-kami,Sakonoue-gon-chūshō (越前えちぜん守まもる 左ひだり近衛このえ権けん中将ちゅうじょう) Senior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (正せい四よん位い下か) 320,000 koku
16 Matsudaira Yoshinaga (松平まつだいら慶永よしなが)[4] 1838–1858 Ōkura-taisuke (大蔵おおくら大輔だいすけ) Senior 1st Rank (従したがえ一いち位い) 320,000 koku
17 Matsudaira Mochiaki (松平まつだいら慶永よしなが)[4] 1858–1871 Echizen-no-kami (越前えちぜん守まもる) Senior 2nd Rank (従したがえ二に位い ) 320,000 koku

Simplified family tree

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  • Mizuno Tadamasa, Lord of Kariya (1493–1543). Maternal grandfather of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He had issue, including a daughter:
    • O-dainokata (1528–1602). She married twice and had issue, including three sons:
      • Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1st Tokugawa Shōgun (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605) (by O-dainokata's first husband Matsudaira Hirotada (1526–1549))
        • I. Yūki (Matsudaira) Hideyasu, 1st Lord of Fukui (cr. 1601) (1574–1607; Lord of Fukui: 1601–1607) (mother: Kotoku-no-Tsubone)
          • II. Matsudaira Tadanao, 2nd Lord of Fukui (1595–1650; r. 1607–1623) (mother: Nakagawa no Tsubone)
          • III. Matsudaira Tadamasa, 3rd Lord of Fukui (1598–1645; r. 1623–1645) (mother: Nakagawa no Tsubone)
            • Matsudaira Masakatsu, Lord of Matsuoka (1636–1693)
              • VI. Matsudaira Tsunamasa, 6th Lord of Fukui (1661–1699; r. 1676-1686)
              • IX. Matsudaira Munemasa, 9th Lord of Fukui (1675–1724; r. 1721–1724)
              • VIII. Matsudaira Yoshikuni, 8th Lord of Fukui (1681–1722; r. 1710–1721)
            • IV. Matsudaira Mitsumichi, 4th Lord of Fukui (1636–1674; r. 1645–1674)
            • V & VII. Matsudaira Masachika (Yoshiyori, as 7th Lord), 5th and 7th Lord of Fukui (1640–1711; 5th Lord of Fukui: 1674–1676; 7th Lord of Fukui: 1686–1710)
          • Matsudaira Naomasa, Lord of Matsue (1601–1666) (mother: Gesshoōin)
            • Matsudaira Chikayoshi, 1st Lord of Echizen-Matsudaira (1632–1717)
              • Matsudaira Chikatoki, 2nd Lord of Echizen-Matsudaira (1659–1702)
                • Matsudaira Naoyuki, 1st Lord of Itoigawa (1682–1718)
          • Matsudaira Naomoto, Lord of Himeji (1604–1648) (mother: Shinryō-in)
            • Matsudaira Naonori, Lord of Shirakawa (1642–1695)
              • Matsudaira Motochika, Lord of Shirakawa (1682–1721)
                • X. Matsudaira Munenori, 10th Lord of Fukui (1715–1749; r. 1724–1749)
        • Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st Lord of Kishū (1602–1671) (mother: Kageyama-dono)
          • Tokugawa Mitsutada, 2nd Lord of Kishū (1627–1705)
            • Tokugawa Yoshimune, 5th Lord of Kishū, 8th Tokugawa Shōgun (1684–1751; Lord of Kishū: 1705–1716; Shōgun: 1716–1745) (mother: Oyuri no Kata later Jōenin (1655–1726))
              • Tokugawa Munetada, 1st head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa line (1721–1765) (mother: Oume no Kata later Shinshin'in (1700–1721))
                • XI. Matsudaira Shigemasa, 11th Lord of Fukui (1743–1758; r. 1749–1758) (mother: Ichijo Akiko later Fushin'in)
                • XII. Matsudaira Shigetomi, 12th Lord of Fukui (1748–1809; r. 1758–1799) (mother: Oyuka no Kata)
                  • XIII. Matsudaira Haruyoshi, 13th Lord of Fukui (1768–1826; r. 1799–1825)
                    • XIV. Matsudaira Naritsugu, 14th Lord of Fukui (1811–1835; r. 1826–1835)
                • Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa line (1751–1827) (mother: Oyuka no Kata)
                  • Tokugawa Ienari, 11th Tokugawa Shōgun (1773–1841; r. 1786–1841)
                    • XV. Matsudaira Narisawa, 15th Lord of Fukui (1820–1838; r. 1835–1838) (mother: Ohachi no Kata later Honrin'in (?-1850))
                  • Tokugawa Narimasa, 4th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line (1779–1848)
                    • XVI. Matsudaira Yoshinaga, 16th Lord of Fukui (1828–1890; r. 1838–1858)
                    • Tokugawa Yoshiyori, 8th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line (1828–1876)
                      • Tokugawa Satotaka, 9th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line, 1st Count (1865–1941)
                        • Captain Tokugawa Satonari IJN, 10th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line, 2nd Count (1899–1961)
                          • Matsudaira Munetoshi, 20th family head (b. 1940; 20th family head: 1957–present), m. Matsudaira Tomoko (b. 1944, see below), and has issue, including:
                            • Matsudaira Teruyasu (b. 1965)
                              • Matsudaira Shizuki (b. 1994)
      • Matsudaira Yasumoto, 1st Lord of Sekiyado (1552–1603) (by O-dainokata's second husband Hisamatsu Toshikatsu (1526–1587))
        • Matsudaira Tadayoshi, 2nd Lord of Sekiyado (1582–1624)
          • Matsudaira Yasunao, Lord of Nagashina (1623–1696)
            • Matsudaira Sadakazu (1662–1745), m. the daughter of Matsudaira Tadamasa, Lord of Kariya (1610–1673)
              • Matsudaira Naoyoshi, 2nd Lord of Itoigawa (1701–1739)
                • Matsudaira Katafusa, 3rd Lord of Itoigawa (1734–1773)
                  • Matsudaira Naotsugu, 4th Lord of Itoigawa (1759–1814)
                    • Matsudaira Naomasu, 5th Lord of Itoigawa (1789–1833)
                      • Matsudaira Naoharu, 6th Lord of Itoigawa (1810–1878)
                        • XVII. Matsudaira Mochiaki, 17th Lord of Fukui, 7th Lord of Itoigawa, 17th family head, 1st Marquess (1836–1890; Lord of Itoigawa: 1857–1858; Lord of Fukui: 1858–1869; Governor of Fukui: 1869–1871; 17th family head: 1858–1890; Count: 1884; Marquess: 1888)
                          • Matsudaira Yasutaka, 18th family head and 2nd Marquess (1867–1930; 18th family head and 2nd Marquess: 1890–1930)
                            • Matsudaira Yasumasa, 19th family head and 3rd Marquess (1893–1957; 19th family head: 1930–1957; 3rd Marquess: 1930–1947)
                              • Matsudaira Yasuchika (1916–1947)
                                • Matsudaira Tomoko (b. 1944), m. Matsudaira Munetoshi, 20th family head (b. 1940)
      • Hisamatsu Sadakatsu, Lord of Kuwana (1560–1624)
        • Matsudaira Tadamasa, Lord of Kariya (1610–1673)
          • A daughter, who married Matsudaira Sadakazu (1662–1745), and had issue – see above.

[5]

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

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Like most domains in the han system, Fukui Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields,[6][7]

In addition, Fukui Domain administered the extensive tenryō territories in Echizen Province on behalf of the Tokugawa shogunate, deriving substantial revenue from these holdings, which were not counted as part of its nominal kokudaka.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003).
  2. ^ a b Gow, Ian. (2004). Military Intervention in Pre-War Japanese Politics, p. 16.
  3. ^ Gow, pp. 16–17.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Matsudaira" at Nobiliare du Japon, p. 30; retrieved April 9, 2013.
  5. ^ Genealogy (jp)
  6. ^ Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
  7. ^ Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.
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Media related to Fukui Domain at Wikimedia Commons

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