(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Help:IPA/Jin Chinese - Wikipedia Jump to content

Help:IPA/Jin Chinese

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Jin Chinese (晉すすむ語ご), one of the Sinitic languages. All vocabulary are based on Jin Chinese in Wubu, Shaanxi Province.[1][2]

Initial consonants[i]
IPA Pinyin Examples[ii]
ɕ x [sã˥˧ ɕjəʔ˧] 散ち學がく
f[iii] f [tʰu˦˩˨ ɲjɑo̯˧ fã˨˩˧ ʂəŋ˨˩˧] 土ど牛うし翻こぼし身み
k g [swɛe̯˦˩˨ kwɤ˥˧ tsəʔ˨˩] 水みず貫ぬき子こ
kʰ k [kʰwɤ˨˩˧ tʰo˧] '寬ひろし透とおる
l l [təŋ lɑo̯r] 燈ひ簍兒こ
m m [məŋ˥˧ məŋ˥˧] 夢ゆめ夢ゆめ
n n [kəʔ˦ nɑe̯˦˩˨] 隔へだた奶
ɲ[iv] nz [ɲje˧ sɹ̩˨˩] 年とし時とき
ŋ ng [tswɤu̯˥˧ ŋor˨˩] 裝そう襖ふすま兒こ
s s [sã˨˦ sɛe̯˨˩˧] 山やま西にし
ʂ sh [ʂje˦˩˨ sɛe̯˨˩˧] 陝西にし
p b [pəŋ˨˩˧ lɑo̯˧] 奔顱
pʰ p [pʰo˦˩˨ tu˥˧ tsəʔ˨˩] 跑肚子
t d [twəʔ˧ tã˥˧] 㞘蛋
tʰ t [tʰwɑe̯˨˩˧ no˧] 推腦のう
tɕ j [so˦˩˨ tɕjəʔ˧ tɛe̯˥˧] 掃腳底そこ
tɕʰ q [tɕʰje˧ ʂɤu̯r˨˩˧] 前まえ晌兒
ts z [xwɑe̯˧ tsəʔ˨˩ pɑe̯˨˩˧] 茴子こ白しろ
tsʰ c [pɛe̯˥˧ tsʰɑ˨˩˧ ljəʔ˨˩] 病やまい瘥了りょう
tʂ zh [lwəŋ˧ tʂã˥˧] 攏帳とばり
tʂʰ ch [tʂʰɑo̯˥˧ kwəʔ˧ tsəʔ˨˩] 臭におい骨子こっし
x h [xxəʔ˨˩ tɕjã˨˩˧ fã˥˧] 黑くろ間あいだ飯めし
ʐ[v] r [njã˦˩˨ ʦɛe̯˨˩˧ ʐər˥˧] 眼睛がんせい仁ひとし兒こ
Final consonants
IPA Pinyin Examples[ii]
FC Rhyme
-ŋ əŋ eng [səŋ˧ u˧ tʂʰɤu̯˨˩] 尋ひろ無常むじょう
jəŋ[vi] ieng [ɕjəŋ˥˧ xu˨˩] 杏あんず虎とら
wəŋ[vii] ueng [kwəŋ˨˦ swɛe̯˨˩] 滾たぎ水みず
ɥəŋ[viii] yeng [tɕjəʔ˦ kəʔ˨˩˧ tɕɥəŋ˨˩˧] 腳圪踪
-r / r [sã˨˩ mɤr˥˧] 山やま蔓づる兒こ
-ʔ ɑʔ aq [tʰɑʔ˨˩˧ i˨˩˧ ʂɤu̯˧ təʔ˨˩] 踏衣裳いしょう的てき
əʔ eeq [jã˧ i˨˦ tsəʔ˨˩] 洋よう胰子こ
jaʔ[vi] iaq [tɕjo˨˦ tsɹ̩˦˩˨ tɕjɑʔ˧] 鉸指甲きのえ
jəʔ[vi] ieeq [sã˨˩˧ tjəʔ˦ swər˨˩] 三さん滴しずく水みず兒じ
wɑʔ[vii] uaq [swɑʔ˧ jəʔ˧ tɑʔ˧] 刷すり一いち搭
weʔ[vii] ueq [ɕɥe˨˩˧ swəʔ˧] 喧やかまし說せつ
ɥɑʔ[viii] yaq [sã˨˩ tɕɥɑʔ˦ pɑr˦˩˨] 三さん角かく板いた兒じ
ɥəʔ[viii] yeeq [ɥəʔ˨˩˧ tɕjəŋ˥˧] 月つき盡つき
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Examples[ii]
ɑ a [tɑ˨˦ po˦˩˨ sɛe̯˨˩˧] 打だ飽聲
ɑe̯ ae [tsɑʔ˧ xɑe̯˥˧] 作さく害がい
ɑo̯ ao [tʰɑo̯˥˧] 透とおる
ã an [nã˦˩˨ tsã˥˧ tɕjəŋ˨˩˧] 囔藏經けい
ɛe̯ e [tsʰɛe̯˨˩˧ xɤu̯˥˧] 青あお貨
ə ee [kəʔ tu] 圪都と
i i [mi˦˩˨ tʰɤu̯˨˩˧] 米べい湯ゆ
jɑ[vi] ia [xɤu̯˨˩ ȵjɑ˧] 呵しか牙きば
jã[vi] ian [xɑ˥˧ njã˨˩ kʰəʔ˦ tsəʔ˨˩] 下した牙きば殼から子こ
jɑe̯[vi] iae [tsʰuɤ˥˧ tɕjɑe̯˨˩˧] 串くし街まち
jɑo̯[vi] iao [ljɑo̯˧ kɑo̯˨˦ tsəʔ˨˩] 溜ため溝みぞ子こ
je[vi] ie [ɕje˨˦ swɛe̯˨˩] 頷水みず
jo[vi] io [sã˥˧ tɕjo˨˩˧] 散ち交
jɤ[vi] ioe [ljɤ˧ kʰər˨˩] 撩羹あつもの兒じ
jɤu̯[vi] ioeu [tɕjəʔ˧ ljɤu̯˧ mje˥˧] 腳梁りょう面めん
o o [xəʔ˧ lo˦˩˨ fəŋ˨˩˧] 黑くろ老ろう風ふう
ɹ̩[ix] ii [swa˦˩˨ sɹ̩˨˦ tsəʔ˨˩] 耍獅子こ
u u [jɤ˨˩˧ pu˥˧] 腰こし布ぬの
wɑ[vii] ua [swɑ˦˩˨ mɤ˧ swəʔ˧] 耍魔術まじゅつ
wã[vii] uan [ʂwã˨˩ tʂɛe̯˥˧] 拴正ただし
wɑe̯[vii] uae [wɑe̯˥˧ xɑo̯r˨˩] 外そと後こう兒じ
wɛe̯[vii] ue [səʔ˧ wɛe̯˥˧] 失しつ未み
wɤ[vii] uoe [pəʔ˧ nje˧ tsʰwɤ˨˩] 不言ふげん喘
wɤu̯[vii] uoeu [lɑʔ˨˩˧ swɤu̯˨˩˧] 落霜しも
ɤ oe [jəʔ˧ pʰɤ˧ ʂɑ˧] 一いち盤ばん蛇へび
ɤu̯ oeu [tã˧ pɤu̯˥˧] 糖とう棒ぼう
y[x] y [tsʰwəʔ˦ ny˦˩˨] 出で女おんな
ɥɑ[viii] ya [tɕʰɥɑ˧ tsəʔ˨˩] 瘸子こ
ɥe[viii] ye [nɑe̯˧ tɕɥe˦˩˨] 挨啳
Tones
IPA Numeric
contours 		Tonal
categories
(sequence) 		Examples[ii]
Stand-alone tones
˨˩˧[xi] ◌213[xi] 陰平かげひら (◌1) [zo˨˩˧ ɲjo˦˩˨ ɲjo˨˩˧] 搔咬咬
˧ ◌33 陽平ようへい (◌2) [lo˦˩˨ i˧ xɤu̯˧] 老ろう爺じい河かわ
˦˩˨ ◌412 上うえ (◌3) [lo˦˩˨ pʰɤ˧ tsʰwɛe̯˦˩˨] 老ろう婆ばば嘴くちばし
˥˧ ◌53 去さ (◌4) [ʂəŋ˥˧ xwər˥˧] 甚會兒こ
ʔ˧ ◌ʔ3 陰かげ入にゅう (◌5) [xɑo̯˧ tʂɑʔ˧ tʰɑo̯r˥˧] 猴指ゆび頭あたま兒じ
ʔ˨˩˧ ◌ʔ213 陽ひ入にゅう (◌6) [sɑʔ˦ pɑʔ˨˩˧ ʂɑo̯˨˩˧] 殺ころせ剝手
Supplementary tonal changes
˨˩[xii] ◌21[xii] 輕けい (◌0) [lɛe̯˨˦ wə˨˩] 裏うら物もの
˨˦ ◌24 陰平かげひら (◌1)
or上じょう (◌3) 		[tsʰu˨˦ tɕjã˨˩] 初はつ間あいだ
ʔ˦ ◌ʔ4 陰かげ入にゅう (◌5)
or 陽ひ入にゅう (◌6) 		[sɑʔ˦ pɑʔ˨˩˧ ʂɑo̯˨˩˧] 殺ころせ剝手

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Zero onsets may be pronounced as [v] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  2. ^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 吴堡方言ほうげん调查研究けんきゅう (2014)[2] and 陕西方言ほうげん集成しゅうせい:榆林卷まき (2020).[1]
  3. ^ [f] may be pronounced as [xu-] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  4. ^ In sinological phonetic notation, [ ɲ ] is marked as ⟨ȵ⟩.
  5. ^ [ ʐ ] may be pronounced as [z] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The non-syllabic gliding [j] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [i], as in [iɑ, iã, iaʔ, iɑe̯, iɑo̯, ie, iə, iəʔ, io, iɤ, iɤu̯].
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i The non-syllabic gliding [w] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [u], as in [uã, uɑ, uɑʔ,uɑe̯, ueʔ, uɛe̯, uəŋ, uɤ, uɤu̯].
  8. ^ a b c d e The non-syllabic gliding [ɥ] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [y], as in [yɑ, yɑʔ, ye, yə, ɥəŋ, yəʔ].
  9. ^ In sinological phonetic notation, [ɹ̩] is marked as ⟨ɿ⟩.
  10. ^ [y] may be pronounced as [ʉ] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  11. ^ a b Unter certain scenarios, ˨˩˧ (213) is abbreviated to ˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. This is not to be confused with the unstressed tone ˨˩ (21) at the end of a word. An unstressed tone takes half the time to pronounce.
  12. ^ a b ˨˩ (21) is an unstressed tone (neutral tone). Its contour is mistakenly marked as "0" (no contour) in older literature. Under certain scenarios, any tone at the end of a word could turn into an unstressed tone. This is not to be confused with the tone category 陰平かげひら ˨˩˧ (213), which under certain scenarios is abbreviated to ˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. An unstressed tone takes half the time to pronounce.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b 贺雪梅うめ (2020). "吴堡县篇". In 王おう建けん领 (ed.). 陕西方言ほうげん集成しゅうせい:榆林卷まき. 商しょう务印书馆. pp. 692–726.
  2. ^ a b c 邢向东; 王おう兆ちょう富とみ (2014). 吴堡方言ほうげん调查研究けんきゅう. 中ちゅう华书局きょく. pp. 61–291.

See also

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese&oldid=1213996385"