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Liang Island

Coordinates: 26°20′20″N 120°13′12″E / 26.33889°N 120.22000°E / 26.33889; 120.22000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

26°20′20″N 120°13′12″E / 26.33889°N 120.22000°E / 26.33889; 120.22000

Liang Island
Native name:
亮あきら島とう
Liang Island in the East China Sea
Liang Island in Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands)
Liang Island is located in Taiwan
Liang Island
Liang Island
Location in Taiwan
Liang Island is located in East China Sea
Liang Island
Liang Island
Location in East China Sea
Geography
Locationnortheast of Beigan Island, Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Fujian, Republic of China (Taiwan)[1]
Area0.35 km2 (0.14 sq mi)[1][2]
Length1,400 m (4600 ft)[1][3]
Width250 m (820 ft)[1][3]
Administration
ProvinceFujian (streamlined)
CountyLienchiang
Rural TownshipBeigan
Additional information
Time zone

Liang Island[4][5][6] (Larne Island[7][8][9][10]) (Chinese: 亮あきら島しま; pinyin: Liàng Dǎo; Wade–Giles: Liang4 Tao3; lit. 'island that illuminates'; Foochow Romanized: Liông-dō̤, originally 橫山よこやま, Lang Tao 浪なみ島とう[1][11]) is an island located in the East China Sea in Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (the Matsu Islands), Fujian Province, Republic of China (Taiwan).[1][12] The island is closed to the public.[13][14] The island is located 26 kilometers (16 mi) from both Beigan Island and Dongyin Island and 19.25 kilometers (11.96 mi) from Kuishan Island in Haidao Township, Xiapu County, Ningde, Fujian, People's Republic of China (PRC).[15]

History

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In a description of the island from 1843, there were three houses near the summit of Larne Island (Liang Island).[16]

After 1949, Chinese Communist forces intermittently occupied the island.[17][18]

Before dawn on July 15, 1951, Anti-Communist forces planted the flag of the ROC on the highest point of the island.[3][17][18][19][20]

On March 17, 1965, a company of infantry was stationed on the island; the garrison has remained there to the present.[3][18]

In 1966, then-Minister of National Defense Chiang Ching-kuo visited the island as part of an inspection and gave the island the name Liang Island (亮あきら島とう), derived from the phrase 「島立しまだち天てん中ちゅう，亮あきら照あきら大陸たいりく」(dǎo lì tiān zhōng, liàng zhào dàlù, 'the island stands in the center of the world, illuminating the mainland').[3][17][18]

On the morning of September 9, 2005, President Chen Shui-bian visited Liang Island and other nearby islands.[21]

In December 2011, the ~8,000 year old Liangdao Man skeleton was found on the island.[4] In 2014, the mitochondrial DNA of the skeleton was found to belong to Haplogroup E, with two of the four mutations characteristic of the E1 subgroup. From this, Ko et al. infer that Haplogroup E arose 8,000 to 11,000 years ago on the north Fujian coast, traveled to Taiwan with Neolithic settlers 6,000 years ago, and thence spread to Maritime Southeast Asia with the Austronesian language dispersal.[22] Soares et al. caution against over-emphasizing a single sample, and maintain that a constant molecular clock implies the earlier date (and more southerly origin) remains more likely.[23] Additionally, the skeleton is believed to belong to Haplogroup O-M119, specifically under subclade O-CTS5726.[24]

At 8 AM on August 16, 2019, the four man crew of a Chinese fishing ship was arrested in the waters off Liang Island.[25]

Geography

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Bays of Liang Island include Wujin-ao Bay (吾われ進しん澳), Liang-ao Bay (良りょう澳), Sheng-ao Bay (聖せい澳) and Lian-ao Bay (連れん澳). Liang Island's Mount Qingmian (Mount Cingmian; 清せい勉つとむ山さん) reaches 91 m (299 ft) above sea level. The island's main port is Baisheng Port (百ひゃく勝しょう港みなと).[26]

The island is about 1,400 m (4,600 ft) long and 250 m (820 ft) wide, reaching 50 m (160 ft) wide at the narrowest point. Strong winds during the winter make walking difficult.[3]

Economy

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Before 1965, fishermen would sometimes live on the island during the summer and leave when autumn started.[3]

[edit]
  • Liang Island (2014)
    Liang Island (2014)
  • Site of the Discovery of the Prehistoric Human Skeleton on Liang Island (2014)
    Site of the Discovery of the Prehistoric Human Skeleton on Liang Island (2014)
  • President Ma Ying-jeou visits Liang Island (2010)
    President Ma Ying-jeou visits Liang Island (2010)
  • Soldiers at Liang Island (2015)
    Soldiers at Liang Island (2015)
  • President Ma Ying-jeou visits Liang Island (2015)
    President Ma Ying-jeou visits Liang Island (2015)
  • Map including Liang Island (labeled Lang Tao 浪島) (AMS, 1953)
    Map including Liang Island (labeled Lang Tao 浪なみ島とう) (AMS, 1953)
  • Map including Liang Island (labeled as Lang Tao) from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1954)
    Map including Liang Island (labeled as Lang Tao) from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1954)
  • Map including Liang Island (labeled as Lang Tao) "The Nationalist-held islands off the Chinese mainland are nominally a part of Fukien Province, but are presently under military administration." (1962)
    Map including Liang Island (labeled as Lang Tao)
    "The Nationalist-held islands off the Chinese mainland are nominally a part of Fukien Province, but are presently under military administration." (1962)
  • Map including Liang Island (labeled as Liang Tao) "Administered by Taiwan." (1992)
    Map including Liang Island (labeled as Liang Tao)
    "Administered by Taiwan." (1992)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f 馬うま祖そ亮あきら島とう島尾しまお遺のこ址し群ぐん發掘はっくつ及「亮あきら島とう人じん」修復しゅうふく計畫けいかく (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Lienchiang County Government. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019. 為ため北きた竿ざお鄉きょう最さい東北とうほく之の一いち處しょ島嶼とうしょ。{...}亮あきら島とう，原名げんめい「橫山よこやま」又また名な「浪なみ島とう」，行政ぎょうせい區域くいき隸屬れいぞく連れん江え縣けん北きた竿ざお鄉きょう；坐すわ落於北きた竿ざお島とう與あずか東ひがし引島ひきしま之の間あいだ，距離きょり此兩島とう各かく約やく27公里くり，為ため北きた竿ざお鄉きょう最さい東北とうほく之の一いち處しょ島嶼とうしょ。地理ちり位置いち在ざい福建ふっけん省しょう閩江口外こうがい，與あずか大陸たいりく所屬しょぞく蜘蛛くも島とう相しょう距約24公里くり，距雙峰みね島とう約やく26公里くり，與あずか其他沿海えんかい灣わん澳港市し相しょう距僅約やく 20-30公里くり 。島しま長ちょう約やく 1,400公おおやけ尺じゃく，最さい寬ひろし處しょ約やく250公おおやけ尺じゃく，面積めんせき約やく 0.35平方ひらかた公里くり。
  2. ^ 北きた竿ざお鄉きょう志こころざし 第だい一いち章しょう：地理ちり (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2 September 2019. 三さん、面積めんせき 北きた竿ざお鄉きょう全ぜん境さかい總そう面積めんせき9.3平方ひらかた公里くり，佔全縣けん總そう面積めんせき29.60平方ひらかた公里くり的てき31﹪，僅次於南竿ざお鄉きょう的てき35﹪，為ため全縣ぜんけん次じ大だい的てき鄉さと。其中北きた竿ざお本島ほんとう6.43平方ひらかた公里くり，高こう登のぼり島とう1.39平方ひらかた公里くり，大だい坵島0.53平方ひらかた公里くり，亮あきら島とう0.35平方ひらかた公里くり，小しょう坵0.16平方ひらかた公里くり。
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Lin Pao-Pao 林はやし保たもつ寶たから (March 2000). 牆上烽火ほうか (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Luchou, Taipei County, Taiwan: BoyYoung 博ひろし揚あげ文化ぶんか事業じぎょう有限ゆうげん公司こうし. p. 128. ISBN 957-97552-6-4.
  4. ^ a b "Exhibition of human remains from Liang Island go on display". Taipei Times. 13 December 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020. Replicas of Liang Island (亮あきら島とう) fossils, two ancient human skeletons excavated from Taiwan's outlying Matsu archipelago in Lienchiang County, went on display in Taipei yesterday.
  5. ^ "Lienchiang County Regional Information". 投資とうし臺灣たいわん入口いりくち網もう Invest Taiwan Home. 11 October 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2019. The county comprises 36 islands and islets, including Nangan Island, Beigan Island, Gaodeng Island, Liang Island, Daqiu Island, Xiaoqiu Island, Dongju Island, Xiju Island, Dongyin Island, Xiyin Island, and affiliated islands.
  6. ^ "Pearl of East Fukien". Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019. These islands are mostly spread between 25°30'-28°44' of north latitude and 119°51'-120°20' of east longitude, which mainly include Nan Kan, Pei Kan, Kaoteng, Liang Island, Ta Chiu, Hsiao Chiu, Tung Chu, Hsi Chu, Tungyin, Hsiyin, etc, ten bigger islands and twenty more scattered no man islands.
  7. ^ Edward Stanford (1908). Atlas of the Chinese Empire (1 ed.). pp. 24, 81. Larne I.{...}Larne Island, Fukien . 26.20 N 120.12 E
  8. ^ Index to the New Map of China (In English and Chinese) (in English and Chinese (Taiwan)). Shanghai: Far Eastern Geographical Establishment. 1914. p. 40. Larne Island ... ... 拉ひしげ你島 Fukien ... ... 福建ふっけん ... 26.20N 120.12E
  9. ^ "CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN". Office of Current Intelligence, CIA. 5 May 1955. p. 9. Retrieved 27 August 2019. LANGTAO (LARNE ISLAND)
  10. ^ Larne Island (Variant - V) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  11. ^ "NG 51-5 HSIA-P'U" (in English and Chinese). Washington, D. C.: Army Map Service. 1953 – via Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection. Lang Tao 浪なみ島とう
  12. ^ 連れん江え縣けん土地とち段名だんみょう代だい碼表 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Department of Land Administration. 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019. 地ち政せい事務所じむしょ名稱めいしょう(代だい碼) 連れん江こう(ZA) 鄉さと鎮市區く名稱めいしょう(代だい碼) 北きた竿ざお鄉きょう(02) 段だん 小しょう段だん 代だい碼 備註{...}亮あきら島とう 0035 調整ちょうせい
  13. ^ "The highest density of military tunnels and strongholds in the world". Lienchiang County. 23 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019. Now, only the secretive military-controlled islands of Gaodeng and Liang are closed to the public.
  14. ^ "Battlefield Scenery". Matsu National Scenic Area. 5 September 2018. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2019. Today, Gaodeng and Liangdao, the only islands where the military remains stationed, are still shrouded in mystery, not having been opened to visitors.
  15. ^ Liu Hung-An 藍あい鴻ひろし安やす (1 February 2010). 空軍くうぐん防ぼう校こう專せん科か班はん14期き藍あい鴻ひろし安やす：亮あきら島とう慨述 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Tainan. Retrieved 28 August 2019. 西にし距北竿ざお、東ひがし距東引均為ため二に萬まん六ろく千せん公おおやけ尺じゃく，北きた距大陸たいりく福建ふっけん省しょう霞かすみ埔縣僅帶水すい之の隔へだた，距離きょり最近さいきん之の魁さきがけ山島やましま為ため一いち萬まん九きゅう千せん二に百ひゃく五ご十じゅう公おおやけ尺じゃく。
  16. ^ Sailing directions to accompany seven charts of the coast of China, between Amoy bay, and the Yángtsz' kiáng. Vol. 12. Canton: The Chinese Repository. 1843. p. 412 – via Internet Archive. N. 11° E. from Larne rock, distant 5 1/2 miles, is Larne islet; it bears from the high peak of Changche shan N. 58° E., 14 miles. It is about 200 feet high, with large boulders sticking up here and there. Near the summit are three houses, and off its northern and southern ends are ledges of rocks. N. 72° W., 7 1/2 miles from Larne island, and bearing from Changche shan peak N. 25° E., 11 miles, is another patch of rocks, about 40 feet above the sea.
  17. ^ a b c Chen Chung-Yu 陳ちん仲なか玉だま (2013). 馬うま祖そ列島れっとう考古學こうこがく的てき新しん發現はつげん (PDF). 文化ぶんか資產しさん保存ほぞん學がく刊かん (in Chinese (Taiwan)): 52. Retrieved 28 August 2019. 民みん國こく38年ねん（1949）後ご，亮あきら島とう斷だん斷續だんぞく續ぞく為ため中共ちゅうきょう所しょ佔領。然しか亮あきら島とう位い於北竿ざお與あずか東ひがし引中間あいだ，在ざい戰略せんりゃく與あずか臺たい馬ば航こう線上せんじょう具ぐ重要じゅうよう位置いち，故こ1951年ねん7月がつ15日にち，「反共はんきょう救國きゅうこく軍ぐん」海上かいじょう特種とくしゅ突擊とつげき中隊ちゅうたい隊長たいちょう李り承うけたまわ山やま先生せんせい奉たてまつ命いのち率りつ領りょう六ろく人にん，趁夜色しょく登とう陸上りくじょう岸がん，並なみ在ざい至高しこう點てん豎立國旗こっき，至いたり此，亮あきら島とう歸國きこく軍ぐん駐ちゅう守もり迄まで今いま。
    民みん國こく55年ねん（1966），時任ときとう國防こくぼう部長ぶちょう的てき蔣經國こく先生せんせい抵達亮あきら島とう視察しさつ，並なみ將はた 「浪なみ島とう」正式せいしき定じょう名めい為ため「亮あきら島とう」，期き許もと 可か以「亮あきら照あきら大陸たいりく，島立しまだち天てん中ちゅう」。
  18. ^ a b c d 馬うま祖そ亮あきら島とう島尾しまお遺のこ址し群ぐん發掘はっくつ及「亮あきら島とう人じん」修復しゅうふく計畫けいかく（續ぞく前まえ）. 馬うま祖そ-連れん江え縣けん政府せいふ LIENCHIANG COUNTY GOVERNMENT (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 6 October 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2019. 1949年ねん後ご，亮あきら島とう斷だん斷續だんぞく續ぞく為ため中共ちゅうきょう所しょ佔領。然しか而，因よし亮あきら島とう位い於北竿ざお與あずか東ひがし引中間あいだ，在ざい戰略せんりゃく上じょう與あずか臺たい馬ば航こう線せん中ちゅう佔重要よう位置いち。1951年ねん7月がつ15日にち，「反共はんきょう救國きゅうこく軍ぐん」海上かいじょう特種とくしゅ突擊とつげき隊たい中ちゅう隊長たいちょう李り承うけたまわ山やま奉たてまつ命いのち率りつ領りょう隊員たいいん6人にん，趁夜色しょく登とう陸上りくじょう岸がん，並なみ在ざい制せい高點こうてん豎立國旗こっき，自じ此亮島とう歸き中華民國ちゅうかみんこく國軍こくぐん管轄かんかつ。嗣後於民國こく41年ねん、42年間ねんかん，因いん補給ほきゅう不易ふえき，設しつらえ施ほどこせ不足ふそく而兩度りょうど撤防。至いたり1965年ねん3月がつ17日にち，以實施じっし「北極星ほっきょくせい演習えんしゅう」之これ名めい，派遣はけん加か強きょう步兵ほへい連れん進駐しんちゅう亮あきら島とう，直ちょく到いた迄まで今いま。1966年ねん，前ぜん總統そうとう蔣經國こく (時任ときとう國防こくぼう部長ぶちょう ) 抵達亮あきら島とう視察しさつ，將はた「浪なみ島とう」正式せいしき定じょう名めい為ため「亮あきら島とう」，期き許可きょか以「島立しまだち天てん中ちゅう，亮あきら照あきら大陸たいりく」。
  19. ^ Hsu Chen-Wei 徐じょ振ふ威たけし. 新聞しんぶん稿こう. Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 28 August 2019. 民みん國こく40年ねん7月がつ15日にち，海上かいじょう特種とくしゅ突擊とつげき中隊ちゅうたい長ちょう李り承うけたまわ山やま率りつ領りょう6名めい隊員たいいん，暗夜あんや搭艇登とう上じょう昔むかし稱しょう浪なみ島とう的てき「亮あきら島とう」，當とう他た談だん到いた青天白日せいてんはくじつ滿まん地ち紅べに國旗こっき在ざい島上しまがみ飄揚，{...}李り承うけたまわ山やま表示ひょうじ，在ざい浪なみ島とう完成かんせい地形ちけい偵察ていさつ，插上國旗こっき的てき時間じかん也經過けいか縝密的てき規ぶんまわし劃，國旗こっき如果太ふと早さ插，容易ようい被ひ對岸たいがん發現はつげん，「我わが們等到いた要よう離はなれ開ひらき前ぜん才ざい插，插好，立たて刻こく撤退てったい。」，而天亮あきら後ご的てき亮あきら島とう景けい象ぞう荒涼こうりょう，恐怖きょうふ的てき氣き氛，更さら是ぜ令れい他た至いたり今いま難なん忘。
  20. ^ Lin Chin-Yen 林はやし金かね炎えん (15 September 2014). 馬うま祖そ歲月さいげつ印しるし記き (in Chinese (Taiwan)). p. 073. ISBN 978-986-90943-0-6.
  21. ^ 總統そうとう視し導みちびけ馬ば祖そ防衛ぼうえい司令しれい部隊ぶたい. 中華民國ちゅうかみんこく總統そうとう府ふ Office of the President Republic of China (Taiwan) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 9 September 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2019. 今こん天てん一整個上午，阿おもね扁ひらた的てき足跡あしあと踏遍南みなみ竿ざお、北きた竿ざお、東ひがし引、亮あきら島とう、高こう登のぼる、東ひがし莒和西にし莒，從したがえ官かん兵へい弟おとうと兄けい們的眼め神しん裡うら，阿おもね扁ひらた看み見み一いち份堅持けんじ，也看見み一いち股また希望きぼう。
  22. ^ Ko, Albert Min-Shan; Chen, Chung-Yu; Fu, Qiaomei; Delfin, Frederick; Li, Mingkun; Chiu, Hung-Lin; Stoneking, Mark; Ko, Ying-Chin (2014). "Early Austronesians: into and out of Taiwan". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 94 (3): 426–436. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.003. PMC 3951936. PMID 24607387. The Liangdao Man skeletal remains were discovered on the Liang Island of the Matsu archipelago in December 2011 and transported to the Matsu Folklore Museum. Matsu is located on the Min River estuary, 24 km from Fujian and 180 km northwest of Taiwan
  23. ^ Soares, Pedro A.; Trejaut, Jean A.; Rito, Teresa; Cavadas, Bruno; Hill, Catherine; Eng, Ken Khong; Mormina, Maru; Brandão, Andreia; Fraser, Ross M.; Wang, Tse-Yi; Loo, Jun-Hun; Snell, Christopher; Ko, Tsang-Ming; Amorim, António; Pala, Maria; Macaulay, Vincent; Bulbeck, David; Wilson, James F.; Gusmão, Leonor; Pereira, Luísa; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Lin, Marie; Richards, Martin B. (2016). "Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations". Human Genetics. 135 (3): 309–326. doi:10.1007/s00439-015-1620-z. PMC 4757630. PMID 26781090.
  24. ^ https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/O-CTS5726/ancient
  25. ^ Yu Chao-Fu 俞肇福ぶく (16 August 2019). 今年中ことしじゅう國こく休きゅう漁期ぎょき 馬ば祖そ海うみ巡じゅん隊たい查獲11艘そう越えつ界かい中國ちゅうごく船せん艇てい. Liberty Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 27 August 2019. 面めん臨休りんきゅう漁期ぎょき結束けっそく，馬うま祖そ海うみ巡じゅん隊たい開始かいし擴大かくだい執行しっこう威力いりょく掃蕩そうとう專せん案あん勤務きんむ，16日にち上じょう午うま8時じ即そく發現はつげん一目標向東航行將進入東引鄉亮島海域限制水域，即そく前ぜん往辨識後發現はつげん該船為ため無む船ふね名めい中國ちゅうごく漁船ぎょせん，要求ようきゅう停船ていせん受檢じゅけん，該船發現はつげん巡じゅん防ぼう艇てい後ご隨したがえ即そく蛇行だこう逃逸拒絕きょぜつ接受せつじゅ檢けん查，經けい海うみ巡じゅん艇てい加か俥追緝後強きょう靠もたれ登とう檢けん，查船上じょう含船長ちょう共ども4人にん，漁具ぎょぐ為ため蟹かに籠かご110個こ，漁獲ぎょかく約やく20公おおやけ斤きん全數ぜんすう海うみ拋
  26. ^ 連れん江え縣けん行政ぎょうせい區域くいき圖ず [Lienchiang County] (Map) (in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). Ministry of the Interior, Lienchiang County Government. August 2007. ISBN 978-986010698-5. 亮あきら島とう Liangdao Island
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