List of emperors of the Tang dynasty

Emperor of the Tang dynasty
Emperor of the Tang dynasty
唐から朝あさ皇帝こうてい
Imperial
	First to reign; Emperor Gaozu; 618–626
Details
Style	His Imperial Majesty; Zhaijia (宅たく家か); Shengren (聖人せいじん); Khan of Heaven (天てん可か汗あせ); (Taizong → Daizong)
First monarch	Emperor Gaozu
Last monarch	Emperor Ai
Formation	618 (first establishment); 705 (restoration)
Abolition	690 (usurpation by Wu Zhou dynasty); 907 (final collapse)
Residence	Taiji Palace, Chang'an; Daming Palace, Chang'an
Appointer	Hereditary

This is a list of emperors of the Tang dynasty (618–690, 705–907) of China. Tang monarchs like Emperor Taizong of Tang were also addressed to as the Khan of Heaven (Tian Kehan) by Turkic peoples.

List of emperors[edit]

The Chinese naming conventions is "Tang" (唐とう)+ temple name (e.g. Tang Gaozu), except for Emperors Shang and Ai, who are better known by their posthumous name.

Temple name	Personal name^[1]	Reigned from^[2]	Reigned until^[1]^[a]	Posthumous name^[b]	Era name and years^[4]
Gaozu 高祖こうそ	Li Yuan 李り渊	18 June 618	4 September 626 abdicated^[5]	Emperor Shenyao 神かみ堯皇帝こうてい	Wude (武德ぶとく) 618–626
Taizong 太ふとし宗むね	Li Shimin 李り世よ民みん	4 September 626	10 July 649^[6]	Emperor Wenwu 文武ぶんぶ皇帝こうてい	Zhenguan (貞さだ觀かん) 627–649
Gaozong^[c] 高こう宗はじめ	Li Zhi 李り治おさむ	15 July 649	27 December 683^[7]	Emperor Tianhuang 天皇てんのう大帝たいてい	Yonghui (永えい徽) 650–655 Xianqing (顯あらわ慶けい) 656–661 Longshuo (龍りゅう朔さく) 661–663 Linde (麟德) 664–665 Qianfeng (乾いぬい封ふう) 666–668 Zongzhang (總そう章あきら) 668–670 Xianheng (咸亨) 670–674 Shangyuan (上うえ元もと) 674–676 Yifeng (儀ぎ鳳おおとり) 676–679 Tiaolu (調しらべ露ろ) 679–680 Yonglong (永えい隆たかし) 680–681 Kaiyao (開ひらき耀) 681–682 Yongchun (永えい淳あつし) 682–683 Hongdao (弘道こうどう) 683
Zhongzong^[d] 中ちゅう宗むね	Li Xian 李り显	3 January 684	26 February 684^[7] deposed^[5]	—	Sisheng (嗣聖) 23 January–27 February 684
Ruizong^[e] 睿宗	Li Dan 李り旦だん	27 February 684	16 October 690^[8] deposed^[5]	—	Wenming (文明ぶんめい) 684 Guangzhai (光ひかり宅たく) 684 Chuigong (垂たれ拱) 685–688 Yongchang (永昌えいしょう) 689 Zaichu (載の初はつ) 690
Interregnum (Wu Zhou dynasty)
Zhongzong (second reign)	Li Xian 李り显	23 February 705	3 July 710	Emperor Xiaohe 孝和こうわ皇帝こうてい	Shenlong (神かみ龍りゅう) 705–707 Jinglong (景けい龍りゅう) 707–710
none^[f]	Li Chongmao 李り重茂おもえ	5 July 710	25 July 710^[g]	Emperor Shang 殤皇帝こうてい	Tanglong (唐から隆たかし) 5 July– 19 August 710
Ruizong (second reign)	Li Dan 李り旦だん	25 July 710	8 September 712 abdicated^[5]	Emperor Xuanzhen 玄真げんしん皇帝こうてい	Jingyun (景けい雲くも) 710–711 Taiji (太極たいきょく) 712 Yanhe (延のべ和わ) 712
Xuánzong 玄げん宗むね	Li Longji 李り隆たかし基もと	8 September 712	12 August 756 abdicated^[5]	Emperor Zhidao I 至いたり道どう皇帝こうてい	Xiantian (先天せんてん) 712–713 Kaiyuan (開ひらき元もと) 713–741 Tianbao (天寶てんぽう) 742–756
Suzong 肅宗	Li Heng 李り亨とおる	12 August 756	16 May 762	Emperor Wenming 文明ぶんめい皇帝こうてい	Zhide (至德しとく) 756–758 Qianyuan (乾いぬい元はじめ) 758–760 Shangyuan (上うえ元もと) 760–761
Daizong 代だい宗むね	Li Yu 李り豫よ	18 May 762	23 May 779	Emperor Ruiwen 睿文皇帝こうてい	Baoying (寶たから應おう) 762–763 Guangde (廣德ひろのり) 763–764 Yongtai (永えい泰やすし) 765–766 Dali (大だい曆こよみ lì) 766–779
Dezong 德とく宗むね	Li Gua 李り适	12 June 779	25 February 805	Emperor Shenwu 神武じんむ皇帝こうてい	Jianzhong (建けん中ちゅう) 780–783 Xingyuan (興きょう元もと) 784 Zhenyuan (貞元さだもと) 785–805
Shunzong 順じゅん宗むね	Li Song 李り誦	28 February 805	28 August 805 killed^[5]	Emperor Zhide 至德しとく皇帝こうてい	Yongzhen (永えい貞さだ) 805
Xianzong 憲けん宗むね	Li Chu 李り純じゅん	5 September 805	14 February 820 killed^[5]	Emperor Zhaowen 昭文あきふみ皇帝こうてい	Yuanhe (元和がんわ) 806–820
Muzong 穆きよし宗むね	Li Heng 李り恆ひさし	20 February 820	25 February 824	Emperor Ruisheng 睿聖皇帝こうてい	Changqing (長慶ちょうけい) 821–824
Jingzong 敬けい宗むね	Li Zhan 李り湛じん	29 February 824	9 January 827 killed^[5]	Emperor Ruiwu 睿武皇帝こうてい	Baoli (寶たから曆れき) 824–826
Wenzong 文ぶん宗むね	Li Ang 李り昂のぼる	13 January 827	10 February 840	Emperor Yuansheng 元もと聖せい皇帝こうてい	Baoli (寶たから曆れき) 826 Taihe (太ふとし和わ) 827–835 Kaicheng (開成かいせい) 836–840
Wuzong 武たけ宗はじめ	Li Yan 李り炎えん	20 February 840	22 April 846	Emperor Zhidao II 至いたり道どう皇帝こうてい	Huichang (會かい昌あきら) 841–846
Xuānzong 宣せん宗むね	Li Chen 李り忱まこと	25 April 846	7 September 859	Emperor Yuansheng 元もと聖せい皇帝こうてい	Dachong (大中おおなか) 847–859
Yizong 懿宗	Li Cui 李り漼	13 September 859	15 August 873	Emperor Zhaosheng 昭あきら聖せい皇帝こうてい	Dazhong (大中おおなか) 859 Xiantong (咸通) 860–873
Xizong 僖宗	Li Xuan 李り儇	15 August 873	20 April 888	Emperor Huisheng 惠めぐみ聖せい皇帝こうてい	Xiantong (咸通) 873–874 Qianfu (乾いぬい符ふ) 874–879 Guangming (廣明ひろあき) 880–881 Zhonghe (中和ちゅうわ) 881–885 Guangqi (光ひかり啟けい) 885–888 Wende (文德ふみのり) 888
Zhaozong 昭あきら宗むね	Li Ye 李り曄	22 April 888	22 September 904	Emperor Shengmu 聖ひじり穆きよし皇帝こうてい	Longji (龍りゅう紀おさむ) 889 Dashun (大だい順じゅん) 890–891 Jingfu (景けい福ぶく) 892–893 Qianning (乾いぬい寧やすし) 894–898 Guanghua (光ひかり化か) 898–901 Tianfu (天てん復ふく) 901–904 Tianyou (天佑てんゆう) 904
Jingzong 景けい宗むね	Li Zhu 李り柷	26 September 904	12 May 907 deposed^[5]	Emperor Ai 哀あい皇帝こうてい	Tianyou (天佑てんゆう) 904–907

Timeline[edit]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Heng 1999, p. ix; Cotterell 2008, p. 283.
^ Kroll 2019, pp. xi–xiii.
^ Old Book of Tang Vol 4
^ Twitchett 1979, p. viii; Kroll 2019, pp. xi–xiii.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Twitchett 1979, p. xviii; Cotterell 2008, p. 283.
^ Kang-i Sun Chang, ed. (2010). The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. p. 293. ISBN 9780521855587.
^ ^a ^b Jinhua Chen (2007). The Many Lives of Fazang (643-712). Brill. p. 168. ISBN 9789047420002.
^ Kroll 2019, p. 3.
^ Jinhua Chen (2016). The Middle Kingdom and the Dharma Wheel. Brill. pp. 141–142. ISBN 9789004322585.
^ Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000). Sui-Tang Changʻan. University of Michigan. p. 68. ISBN 9780892641376.

Notes[edit]

^ Exact dates are extracted from the Old Book of Tang and converted to Western dates using the Calendar converter of Academia Sinica.
^ These are just the shortened versions of the names. Gaozu's full posthumous name, for example, was actually Shényáo Dàshèng Dàguāng Xiào Huángdì (神かみ堯大聖たいせい大光たいこう孝こう皇帝こうてい, "Emperor Yao the Divine, the Great Sage, the Most Radiantly Filial").^[3]
^ In the late years of his reign he was influenced by Empress Wu
^ Under the rule of his mother Wu Zetian
^ Under the rule of his mother Wu Zetian
^ Better known for his porthumous name, Emperor Shang, or as Emperor Shao ("young").
^ Some sources give the period of his reign as 5–18 July,^[9] while others give 8–25 July.^[10]

Sources[edit]

Cotterell, Arthur (2008). "Emperors and Their Reigns". The Imperial Capitals of China. New York: Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-4683-0605-7.
Heng, Chye Kiang (1999). "List of Selected Dynasties and Rulers". Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: The Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-223-0.
Kroll, Paul W. (2019). "Tang Emperors' Accession Dates and Reign Titles". Critical Readings on Tang China. Vol. 1. Brill. ISBN 9789004380158.
Twitchett, Denis (1979). "The T'ang emperors and their reign periods". The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21446-9.

[FOOTNOTEHeng1999ixCotterell2008283-1] Heng 1999, p. ix; Cotterell 2008, p. 283.

[FOOTNOTEKroll2019xi–xiii-2] Kroll 2019, pp. xi–xiii.

[4] Old Book of Tang Vol 4

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1979viiiKroll2019xi–xiii-6] Twitchett 1979, p. viii; Kroll 2019, pp. xi–xiii.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1979xviiiCotterell2008283-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Twitchett 1979, p. xviii; Cotterell 2008, p. 283.

[8] Kang-i Sun Chang, ed. (2010). The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. p. 293. ISBN 9780521855587.

[:0-10] Jinhua Chen (2007). The Many Lives of Fazang (643-712). Brill. p. 168. ISBN 9789047420002.

[FOOTNOTEKroll20193-13] Kroll 2019, p. 3.

[3J-15] Jinhua Chen (2016). The Middle Kingdom and the Dharma Wheel. Brill. pp. 141–142. ISBN 9789004322585.

[16] Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2000). Sui-Tang Changʻan. University of Michigan. p. 68. ISBN 9780892641376.

[3] Exact dates are extracted from the Old Book of Tang and converted to Western dates using the Calendar converter of Academia Sinica.

[5] These are just the shortened versions of the names. Gaozu's full posthumous name, for example, was actually Shényáo Dàshèng Dàguāng Xiào Huángdì (神かみ堯大聖たいせい大光たいこう孝こう皇帝こうてい, "Emperor Yao the Divine, the Great Sage, the Most Radiantly Filial").^[3]

[9] In the late years of his reign he was influenced by Empress Wu

[11] Under the rule of his mother Wu Zetian

[12] Under the rule of his mother Wu Zetian

[14] Better known for his porthumous name, Emperor Shang, or as Emperor Shao ("young").

[17] Some sources give the period of his reign as 5–18 July,^[9] while others give 8–25 July.^[10]

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v t e Emperors of the Tang dynasty
Gaozu Taizong Gaozong Zhongzong Ruizong Wu Zetian Zhongzong (2nd reign) Shang Ruizong (2nd reign) Xuanzong Suzong Daizong Dezong Shunzong Xianzong Muzong Jingzong Wenzong Wuzong Xuānzong Yizong Xizong Zhaozong Ai		唐とう
Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → ROC / PRC