Satsumon culture
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Dates | 700 CE – 1200 CE |
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Preceded by | Epi-Jōmon period |
Followed by | Ainu people |
The Satsumon culture (
Subsistence[edit]
Iron tools seem to have prevailed around the end of Epi-Jomon, so that stone tools disappeared in the Satsumon period. Among subsistence activities, hunting, gathering and fishing continued to be the most important. Locations of large settlements at estuaries indicate the importance of salmon. Although cultivation of buckwheat and barley is presumed for the Epi-Jomon, reliable evidence increases for the Satsumon as follows: buckwheat, rice, barley, wheat, sorghum, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, Chinese millet, green gram, perilla, melon, adzuki bean and hemp.[5] The rice may have been imported from the mainland or, if cultivated at all, grown in dry fields. Opinions divide among those who, taking Satsumon culture as the periphery of the Kofun culture of the mainland, argue that such crops supplied a large portion of the diet,[6] and those who think it provided only a small part and the culture was basically a continuation of the Epi-Jomon.[7]
Society[edit]
Even the largest Satsumon settlements show scarce evidence of social stratification. The "Hokkaido-type kofun", which have been discovered in several sites in southwestern Hokkaido, are very important in this context. They are at the end of the "Final Kofun" of northern Tōhoku, which themselves were late, extreme reductions of normal kofun of the central area which had fallen into disuse by the time of the Hokkaido type. There are various opinions about the status of those buried in Hokkaido type kofun. Some see them as immigrants from Tōhoku, others as indigenous chiefs who had a special relationship with the government of the mainland, and that such a scale of tomb could be made by normal heads of family.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Imamura, Keiji (1996). Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824818524.
- ^ Walker, Brett L. (2009). The conquest of Ainu lands : ecology and culture in Japanese expansion, 1590-1800. Univ. of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22736-1. OCLC 846172353.
- ^ Coulter-Pultz, J. (2016). Exploring narratives in Ainu history through analysis of bear carvings (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University).
- ^ "
公益 財団 法人 アイヌ民族 文化 財団 ". www.ff-ainu.or.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 8 December 2023. - ^ Gorō, Yamada.
北海道 における雑穀 およびその栽培 技術 の拡散 過程 について (Plant remains unearthed from sites in Hokkaido) - ^ Yoshizaki, Shoichi (1988). "
縄文 農耕 から擦 文 農耕 へ" (PDF). Retrieved 5 December 2022. - ^ Fujimoto, Tsuyoshi (1982).
擦 文 文化 (in Japanese).教育 社 歴史 新書 ―日本 史 . - ^ Imamura, Keiji (1996). Prehistoric Japan : new perspectives on insular East Asia. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 200–202. ISBN 0-8248-1853-9. OCLC 34410946.