Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In 1975 the Japanese government added a new chapter to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (1950) to provide for "traditional techniques or craftsmanship that are indispensable to the preservation of cultural property and for which preservation measures shall be taken". Preservation techniques are selected in relation to both tangible and intangible cultural properties and a holder or preservation body is recognized for each technique.[1][2][3]

In support of the Selected Conservation Techniques (選定せんてい保存ほぞん技術ぎじゅつ), the government provides funding for and conducts programmes relating to documentation, training, development, promotion and public education. Recognition is thus made and measures taken to combat some of the most serious conservation issues, namely the lack of specialist craftsmen, the loss of knowledge of traditional techniques, and the availability of suitable tools and materials. These issues are of particular relevance in Japan due to the sophistication and inherent susceptibility of much of its art and architecture.[2][3]

The list below is compiled from the database of cultural properties maintained by the Agency for Cultural Affairs, with translations, glosses and listed holders (as of 2004) following those published by the Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU).[4][5]

Selected Conservation Techniques[edit]

Tangible Cultural Properties[edit]

43 techniques

Name Remarks Holder Year Picture
Production of roofing tiles (屋根やね瓦かわら製作せいさく (鬼おに師し), yane kawara seisaku (onishi))[6][7] Onigawara Individual (Akio Kobayashi, b. 1921) 1988
Kiku-jutsu techniques for marking when constructing wooden building (modern) (規矩きく術じゅつ (近世きんせい規矩きく), kiku-jutsu (kinsei-kiku))[8][9] lit. "measuring with a carpenter's square" Individual (Takeo Mochida, b. 1931) 1993
Kiku-jutsu techniques for marking when constructing wooden building (ancient) (規矩きく術じゅつ (古式こしき規矩きく), kiku-jutsu (koshiki-kiku))[3][10] In particular for projecting eaves; developed since the twelfth century Individual (Takeo Mochida, b. 1931) 1991
Smithery of metal fittings (金具かなぐ鍛冶たんや, kanagu kaji)[11][12] Individual (Mayoshio Yokoya, b. 1931) 2002
Manufacture of kinkarakami (金きむ唐紙からかみ製作せいさく, kinkarakami seisaku)[13][14][15] Gold-embossed wallpaper, used in western-style buildings of the Meiji to Shōwa periods; cf. kinkarakawa or 'leather wallpaper' Individual 2005
Making of traditional fittings such as sliding doors (建具たてぐ製作せいさく, tategu seisaku)[16][17] Includes shōji, fusuma, amado Individual (Tadashi Suzuki, b. 1936) 1999
Production of model buildings (建造けんぞう物ぶつ模型もけい製作せいさく, kenzōbutsu mokei seisaku)[18] Individual (Yushuhiro Wada, b. 1932) 1999
Restoration of armour (甲冑かっちゅう修理しゅうり, katchū shūri)[19] Individual (Masami Ozawa, b. 1953) 1998
Plastering (traditional Kyokabe walls) (左官さかん (古式こしき京きょう壁かべ), sakan (koshiki kyō-kabe))[20] Individual (Haruo Sato, b. 1924) 2001
Plastering (左官さかん (漆喰しっくい塗ぬり), sakan (shikkuinuri))[21][22] Glue, brine, clay, and thread are mixed into the lime Individual (Isokichi Okui, b. 1919) 1998
Restoration of lacquer wares (漆うるし工こう品ひん修理しゅうり, shikkōhin shūri)[23][24] Individual (Kenichi Kitamura, b. 1938) 1994
Crafting and restoration of metal fittings of Jōdai ornaments (上代じょうだい飾かざり金具かなぐ製作せいさく修理しゅうり, jōdai kazari kanagu seisaku shūri)[25] Includes mikoshi, zushi Individual (Sōtaro Kanae, b. 1908) 1977
Manufacture of tatami (畳たたみ製作せいさく, tatami seisaku)[26] Individual 1929
Stone tile roofing (石盤せきばん葺, sekibanbuki)[27] Individual 2005
Production of nails made of bamboo (竹たけ釘くぎ製作せいさく, takekugi seisaku)[28][29] Individual (Yoshiharu Ishizuka, b. 1922) 1998
Casting production (鋳物いもの製作せいさく, imono seisaku)[30] Individual (Shūichi Otani, b. 1933) 1999
Production of karakami paper (唐紙からかみ製作せいさく, karakami seisaku)[31][32] Individual (Kenkichi Senda, b. 1942) 1999
Manufacture of boxes made of paulownia wood for containing art and craft objects (美術びじゅつ工芸こうげい品ひん保存ほぞん桐きり箱ばこ製作せいさく, bijutsu kōgeihin hozon kiribako seisaku)[33] Individual (Yūichi Maeda, b. 1927) 1980
Manufacture of ancient textiles (such as gold brocade) for mounting (表具ひょうぐ用よう古代こだい裂きれ (金襴きんらん等とう) 製作せいさく, hyōgu-yō kodai-gire (kinran tō) seisaku)[34][35][36][37] For kakemono etc. Individual 2007
Manufacture of brushes for mounting (表具ひょうぐ用よう刷毛ばけ製作せいさく, hyōguyō hage seisaku)[38][39] Individual 1958
Production of Udagami handmade paper for mounting on sliding doors (表具ひょうぐ用よう手しゅ漉和紙し (宇陀うだ紙し) 製作せいさく, hyōguyō tesuki washi (udagami) seisaku)[40] washi Individual (Hiroyuki Hukunishi, b. 1930) 1978
Production of Misugami handmade paper for mounting (表具ひょうぐ用よう手しゅ漉和紙し (美よし栖紙) 製作せいさく, hyōguyō tesuki washi (misugami) seisaku)[41] washi Individual 2009
Production of Hoshū handmade paper for mounting (表具ひょうぐ用よう手しゅ漉和紙し (補修ほしゅう紙し) 製作せいさく, hyōguyō tesuki washi (hoshūshi) seisaku)[42] washi Individual 2007
Production of brushes for mounting (表具ひょうぐ用よう打だ刷毛ばけ製作せいさく, hyōguyō uchibake seisaku)[43] Individual (Genjirō Hujii, b. 1920) 1998
Joinery for mounting (表装ひょうそう建具たてぐ製作せいさく, hyōsō tategu seisaku)[17][44][45] Individual 1995
Dyeing with true indigo (本ほん藍染あいぞめ, hon aizome)[46] Individual (Yoshio Mori, b. 1941) 1996
Woodwork restoration (木工もっこう品ひん修理しゅうり, mokkohin shūri)[47] Individual (Hiroshi Sakurai, b. 1950) 1997
Gathering Japanese cypress bark (檜ひのき皮がわ採取さいしゅ, hiwada saishiki)[48] Individual (Yutaka Ono, b. 1934) 1999
Crafting of decorative metal fittings (錺金具ぐ製作せいさく, kazari kanagu seisaku)[49][50] Individual 1998 (Yasunosuke Morimoto, b. 1928)
Roofing with roofing tiles (屋根やね瓦葺かわらぶき (本ほん瓦葺かわらぶき), yanegawarabuki (hongawarabuki))[51][52] Joint (Kiyokazu Yamamoto, b. 1932; Mitsuo Teramoto, b. 1946; group also) 1994
Roofing with thatch (茅かや葺, kayabuki)[53][54] Joint (Ryōzō Sumida, b. 1926; National Organization for Conservation of Roofing Techniques for Temples and Shrines) 1980
Woodwork for building (建造けんぞう物ぶつ木工もっこう, kenzōbutsu mokkō)[55] Joint (Shoji Matsuura, b. 1929; Association of Conservation Techniques for Cultural Property Buildings) 1976
Roof-thatching using Japanese cypress bark or boards (檜ひのき皮がわ葺・柿かき葺, hiwada-buki/kokera-buki)[56][57][58] cf. shake roofing Joint (Yasuo Onishi, b. 1925; National Organization for Conservation of Roofing Techniques for Temples and Shrines) 1976
Buildings colouration (建造けんぞう物ぶつ彩色さいしき, kenzōbutsu saishiki)[59] Group (Organization for Conserving Cultural Properties Related to Shrines and Temples of Nikkō 1979
Building restoration (建造けんぞう物ぶつ修理しゅうり, kenzōbutsu shūri)[60] Group (Association of Conservation Techniques for Cultural Property Buildings) 1976
Building decoration (建造けんぞう物ぶつ装飾そうしょく, kenzōbutsu sōshoku)[61] Group 2007
Plastering (Japanese walls) (左官さかん (日本にっぽん壁かべ), sakan (nihon kabe))[62] Group 2002
Production and repair of festival floats (祭まつり屋台やたい等とう製作せいさく修理しゅうり, matsuri yataitō seisaku shūri)[63][64] Group (Association of Holders of Festival Floats Production and Repair Techniques 2002
Traditional framing and mounting techniques (装そうこう修理しゅうり技術ぎじゅつ, sōkō shūri gijutsu)[65] Group (Federation of National Treasure Framers and Restorers) 1995
Ukiyo-e woodblock art techniques (浮世絵うきよえ木版もくはん画が技術ぎじゅつ, ukiyo-e mokuhanga gijutsu)[66] Group 1978
Conservation techniques for Cultural Property dry stone walls (文化財ぶんかざい石垣いしがき保存ほぞん技術ぎじゅつ, bunkazai ishigaki hozon gijutsu)[67][68] Group 2009
Conservation techniques for gardens designated as Cultural Properties (文化財ぶんかざい庭園ていえん保存ほぞん技術ぎじゅつ, bunkazai teien hozon gijutsu)[69] Group 2002
Restoration of wooden sculptures (木造もくぞう彫刻ちょうこく修理しゅうり, mokuzō chōkoku-shūri)[70] Group (Bijutsu-in (Art Institute) 1976

Intangible Cultural Properties[edit]

31 techniques

Name Remarks Holder Year Picture
Hair styling for kabuki theatre (歌舞伎かぶき床山とこやま, kabuki tokoyama)[71] Individual (Toshikazu Kamoji, b. 1938) 2003
Crafting and restoration of wind instruments for gagaku music (雅楽ががく管楽器かんがっき製作せいさく修理しゅうり, gagaku kangakki seisaku shūri)[72] Individual (Yasuhiko Hukuda, b. 1926; Zenichi Yamada, b. 1934) 1976
Traditional steel-refining (tatara-buki) (玉たま鋼こう製造せいぞう (たたら吹ふき), tamahagane seizō (tatara-buki))[73] Individual (Akira Kihara, b. 1935; Katsuhiko Watanabe, b. 1939) 1977
Hair styling for traditional Okinawan performing arts (結髪けっぱつ (沖縄おきなわ伝統でんとう芸能げいのう), keppatsu (Okinawa dentō geinō))[74] Individual 2008
Special charcoal for polishing lacquer or metal handicrafts (研けん炭すみ製造せいぞう, togizumi seizō)[75] Individual (Asatarō Higashi, b. 1921) 1994
Production of brushes for gold/silver lacquer painting (蒔絵まきえ筆ひつ製作せいさく, makie fude seisaku)[76] for maki-e Individual (Kurōbei Murata, b. 1915) 1987
Production of brushes for lacquer (漆うるし刷毛ばけ製作せいさく, urushi bake seisaku)[77] Individual (Seiji Izumi, b. 1950) 1998
Production of tools for lacquer gathering (漆うるし掻かき用具ようぐ製作せいさく, urushi kakiyōgu seisaku)[78] Individual (Humitoshi Nakahata, b. 1943) 1995
Production of Yoshino-gami paper for filtering lacquer (漆うるし濾紙こしがみ (吉野紙よしのがみ) 製作せいさく, urushi koshigami (Yoshino gami) seisaku)[79] Individual (Takao Konbu, b. 1951) 1999
Loom building (手て機き製作せいさく, tebata seisaku)[80] Individual (Tawaichi Nishimura, b. 1937) 2003
Production of Arasō raw material for textiles (粗そ苧からむし製造せいぞう, arasō seizō)[81] ramie used in kasuri resist-dyeing Individual (Masakado Yahata, b. 1938) 2003
Crafting of kotsuzumi drums and drumheads for nohgaku (能楽のうがく小鼓こつづみ (胴どう・革かわ) 製作せいさく修理しゅうり, nōgaku kotsuzumi dōkawa seisaku shūri)[82] Individual (Satoyuki Suzuki, b. 1936) 1995
Crafting of drumheads for Ōtsuzumi drums used in nohgaku (能楽のうがく大だい鼓こ (革かわ) 製作せいさく, nōgaku ōtsuzumi kawa seisaku)[83] Individual (Yukihiko Kimura, b. 1929) 1976
Crafting and restoration of nohkan flute (能管のうかん製作せいさく修理しゅうり, nōkan seisaku shūri)[84] Individual (Hōju Hayashi, b. 1929) 1978
Crafting and restoration of biwa (琵琶びわ製作せいさく修理しゅうり, biwa seisaku shūri)[85] Individual 2006
Wig styling for bunraku puppets (文楽ぶんらく人形にんぎょう鬘かずら・床山とこやま, bunraku ningyō katsura - tokoyama)[86] Individual (Shōji Nagoshi, b. 1930) 2002
Production of strings for Japanese stringed instruments (邦楽ほうがく器き糸いと製作せいさく, hōgaki ito seisaku)[87] for shamisen, koto, wagon, biwa Individual (Hiroyuki Ozasa, b. 1924) 1979
Loom shuttle production (杼ひ製作せいさく, hi seisaku)[88] Individual (Junichi Hasegawa, b. 1933) 1999
Ryūkyū indigo dyestuffs production (琉球りゅうきゅう藍あい製造せいぞう, Ryūkyū ai seizō)[89] Joint (Seishō Inowa, b. 1927; Organization for Conserving Ryūkyū Indigo Production Techniques) 1977
Karamushi plant production (からむし (苧麻からむし) 生産せいさん・苧からむし引びき, karamushi (choma) seisan - obiki)[90] ramie Group (Shōwa-mura Karamushi Production Techniques Conservation Association) 1991
Awa indigo production (阿波あわ藍あい製造せいぞう, Awa ai seizō)[91] Group (Organization for Conserving Awa Indigo Production Techniques) 1978
Kabuki stage costume production and restoration (歌舞伎かぶき衣裳いしょう製作せいさく修理しゅうり, kabuki ishō seisaku shūri)[92] Group (Association for Conservation of Kabuki Stage Costume Production and Restoration) 2002
Kabuki stage properties production (歌舞伎かぶき小道具こどうぐ製作せいさく, kabuki kodōgu seisaku)[93] Group (Organization for Conserving Kabuki Stage Properties Production Techniques) 1996
Kabuki stage set (scenery painting) production (歌舞伎かぶき大道具おおどうぐ (背景はいけい画が) 製作せいさく, kabuki ōdōgu (haikeiga) seisaku)[94] Group (Organization for Conserving Kabuki Stage Set Production Techniques) 2002
Production of steel used for making Japanese swords (歌舞伎かぶき大道具おおどうぐ (背景はいけい画が) 製作せいさく, tamahagane seizō)[95] tamahagane Group (Japanese Association for Conserving Art Swords) 1977
Production of tools for paper making (手て漉和紙し用具ようぐ製作せいさく, tesuki washi yōgu seisaku)[96] washi Group (National Organization for Conserving Production Techniques of Tools for Traditional Paper Making) 1976
Natural dyestuffs (safflower and gromwell) production (植物しょくぶつ染料せんりょう (紅べに・紫根しこん) 生産せいさん・製造せいぞう, shokubutsu senryō (behi - shikon) seisan - seizō)[97] Group (Japanese Association for Conserving Ethnic Craft Techniques) 1979
Kumi Odori tools and costume production and restoration (組踊くみおどり道具どうぐ・衣裳いしょう製作せいさく修理しゅうり, kumiodori dōgu - ishō seisaku shūri)[98] Group 2009
Choma thread twisting (苧麻からむし糸いと手しゅ績うみ, choma ito teumi)[99] Group (Miyako Organization for Conserving Bunmi Techniques) 2003
Production and refining of Japanese lacquer (日本にっぽん産さん漆生うるしお産さん・精製せいせい, Nihon san urushi seisan - seisei)[100] Group (Japanese Association of Lacquer for Cultural Properties; Japanese Organization for Conserving Lacquer Gathering Techniques) 1976
Production of strings for Japanese musical instruments (邦楽ほうがく器き原げん糸いと製造せいぞう, hotsugakki genshi seizō)[101] Group (Kino-honcho Town Organization for Conserving Production of Strings for Japanese Traditional Musical Instruments; Asai-cho Town Organization for Conserving Production of Strings for Japanese Traditional Musical Instruments) 1991
This list is complete and up to date as of September 2015.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  73. ^ "玉だま鋼こう製造せいぞう (たたら吹ふき)". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  74. ^ "結髪けっぱつ (沖縄おきなわ伝統でんとう芸能げいのう)". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  75. ^ "研けん炭すみ製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  76. ^ "蒔絵まきえ筆ひつ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  77. ^ "漆うるし刷毛ばけ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  78. ^ "漆うるし掻かき用具ようぐ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  79. ^ "漆うるし濾紙こしがみ (吉野紙よしのがみ) 製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  80. ^ "手しゅ機き製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  81. ^ "粗そ苧からむし製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  82. ^ "能楽のうがく小鼓こつづみ (胴どう・革かわ) 製作せいさく修理しゅうり". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  83. ^ "能楽のうがく大だい鼓こ (革かわ) 製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  84. ^ "能管のうかん製作せいさく修理しゅうり". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  85. ^ "琵琶びわ製作せいさく修理しゅうり". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  86. ^ "文楽ぶんらく人形にんぎょう鬘かずら・床山とこやま". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  87. ^ "邦楽ほうがく器き糸いと製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  88. ^ "杼ひ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  89. ^ "琉球りゅうきゅう藍あい製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  90. ^ "からむし (苧麻からむし) 生産せいさん・苧からむし引びき". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  91. ^ "阿波あわ藍あい製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  92. ^ "歌舞伎かぶき衣裳いしょう製作せいさく修理しゅうり". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  93. ^ "歌舞伎かぶき小道具こどうぐ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  94. ^ "歌舞伎かぶき大道具おおどうぐ (背景はいけい画が) 製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  95. ^ "玉だま鋼こう製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  96. ^ "手しゅ漉和紙し用具ようぐ製作せいさく". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  97. ^ "植物しょくぶつ染料せんりょう (紅べに・紫根しこん) 生産せいさん・製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  98. ^ "組踊くみおどり道具どうぐ・衣裳いしょう製作せいさく修理しゅうり". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  99. ^ "苧麻からむし糸いと手しゅ績うみ". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  100. ^ "日本にっぽん産さん漆生うるしお産さん・精製せいせい". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  101. ^ "邦楽ほうがく器き原げん糸いと製造せいぞう". Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 15 February 2012.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_Techniques_for_Cultural_Properties&oldid=1212637593#Selected_Conservation_Techniques"