Shi Tianze

Shi Tianze (Chinese: 史ふみ天てん澤さわ; Wade–Giles: Shih T'ien-tse; 1202 – 5 March 1275) was a general in the early period of the Yuan dynasty. Later, he was promoted to the post of deputy prime minister and became the first ethnic Chinese minister of the Yuan dynasty. He played a key role in early Yuan politics.

Name

Shi Tianze is also mentioned under the name Samka ba'tur (Persian: سمکه بهادر) in Persian historical sources such as the Jami' al-tawarikh.^[1] This name is derived from the Chinese word "三さん哥 (sangge)," meaning "third son".^[2]

Life

Shi Tianze was an ethnic Han who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen became common at this time. His father was Shi Bingzhi (Shih Ping-chih, 史ふみ秉直). Shi Bingzhi was married to a Jurchen woman (surname Na-ho) and a Han woman (surname Chang), it is unknown which of them was Shi Tianze's mother.^[3]

Shi Tianze married two Jurchen women, a Han woman, and a Korean woman, and his son Shi Gang was born to one of his Jurchen wives.^[4] His Jurchen wive's surnames were Mo-nien and Na-ho, his Korean wife's surname was Li, and his Han wife's surname was Shi.^[3]

Shi Tianze defected to the Mongol Empire's forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty. Shi, Zhang Rou (Chang Jou) zh, and Yan Shi (Yen Shih) zh and other high ranking Han who served in the Jin dynasty and defected to the Mongols helped build the structure for the administration of the new state.^[5]

Family of Shi Tianze

nameless

Shi lun
史ふみ倫りん

nameless

Shi chenggui
史ふみ成なり珪

nameless

Shi jindao [ja]
史ふみ進しん道どう

Shi bǐngzhí [ja]
史ふみ秉直

Shi huaide
史ふみ懐ふところ徳とく

nameless

Shi tianze
史ふみ天てん沢さわ

Shi tianan [ja]
史ふみ天てん安やす

Shi tianni [ja]
史ふみ天てん倪

Shi tianxiang [ja]
史ふみ天てん祥さち

Shi tianrui
史ふみ天てん瑞みず

Shi ge [ja]
史ふみ格かく

Shi shu [ja]
史ふみ枢くるる

Shi ji [ja]
史ふみ楫かじ

Shi quan [ja]
史ふみ権けん

Shi yao
史ふみ燿

References

^ Thackston 2012, p. 310.
^ Ikeuchi 1984, pp. 19-20.
^ ^a ^b de Rachewiltz, Igor, ed. (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.
^ J. Ganim; S. Legassie (20 March 2013). Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-137-04509-6.
^ Chan, Hok-Lam. 1997. “A Recipe to Qubilai Qa'an on Governance: The Case of Chang Te-hui and Li Chih”. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 7 (2). Cambridge University Press: 257–83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183352.

Sources

Ikeuchi, Isao（池内いけうち功いさお） (1984). "The Formation of Khubilai's Power and the Chinese Troops under His Rule." The journal of Oriental researches, Volume 43.
Thackston, W. M, Classical writings of the medieval Islamic world v.3, (London, 2012)

[1] Thackston 2012, p. 310.

[2] Ikeuchi 1984, pp. 19-20.

[Rachewiltz-3] Rachewiltz, Igor, ed. (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.

[GanimLegassie2013-4] J. Ganim; S. Legassie (20 March 2013). Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-137-04509-6.

[5] Chan, Hok-Lam. 1997. “A Recipe to Qubilai Qa'an on Governance: The Case of Chang Te-hui and Li Chih”. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 7 (2). Cambridge University Press: 257–83. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183352.

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