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Statistics Bureau (Japan)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Second Government Office of the houses the headquarters of the SBJ

The Statistics Bureau of Japan or SB/SBJ (統計とうけい局きょく, Tōkeikyoku) is the statistical agency of Japan, subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC). The SBJ have conducted the Population Census and large-scale surveys to establish key official statistics of Japan. It is also in charge of the management of the public online system of official statistics, international cooperation with other countries' statistics offices, and research and publication regarding statistics. Its headquarters is in the ministry's Second Government Office (第だい2庁舎ちょうしゃ), in Wakamatsu-cho [ja], Shinjuku, Tokyo,[1] near Wakamatsu-kawada Station of the subway Toei Ōedo Line.[2] The National Statistics Center [ja] (NSTAC) and the MIC Director-General for Policy Planning  [ja] are in the same building.[3] [4]

Brief history of the SBJ and related organizations

Statistics Division (1871)
Tōkeiin (1881)
Cabinet Statistics Bureau (1885)
Census Office (1920)
SBJ (1922–)
Statistics Commission (1946)
Statistics Standards Department (1952-1984)Statistics Council (1952)
NSTAC (1984–)
MIC Director-General (2005–)
Statistics Commission (2007–)

Japan's official statistics system is so "decentralized"[5]: 9  that various ministries and agencies have their own statistical departments. The SBJ is the oldest among them. The SBJ's chronological table[6]: 51  starts from 1871, when the pre-constitutional Meiji government founded the Statistics Division (政せい表ひょう課か, Seihyōka)[a] under the Dajōkan system, appointing Sugi Kōji [ja] to its director. After frequent changes in the government organization, the Cabinet Statistics Bureau (内閣ないかく統計とうけい局きょく, Naikaku Tōkeikyoku) was established in 1885 with the Cabinet system starting. In 1920 it was reorganized as Census Office (国勢こくせい院いん, Kokuseiin) to conduct the first Population Census (国勢調査こくせいちょうさ, Kokusei Chōsa), but in 1922 it was re-reorganized to the Statistics Bureau as an agency of the Cabinet.[7]: 154–156  Since then, it has used the name of Statistics Bureau (Tōkeikyoku). Despite some changes in its affiliation,[b] it has kept the identity at least since the 1880s.[9]: 71 

Among the 54 fundamental statistics [ja] designated by the government under the Statistics Act [ja] (2007 Act No. 53),[10] the SBJ makes 13[11] through statistical surveys, for example, Population Census, Labour Force Survey (労働ろうどう力りょく調査ちょうさ, Rōdōryoku Chōsa), and Family Income and Expenditure Survey (家計調査かけいちょうさ, Kakei Chōsa).[c] Derived statistics produced from a mixture of existing statistics such as Population Estimates (人口じんこう推計すいけい, Jinkō Suikei) and Consumer Price Index as well as register-based statistics of companies and establishments – Statistical Business Register (事業じぎょう所しょ母集団ぼしゅうだんデータベース, Jigyōsho Boshūdan Dētabēsu)[14][15]: 128–131  – are also within the SBJ's coverage.

The SBJ thus conducts a number of nation-wide cyclic surveys. However, the SBJ is located in the capital city and has no local branch. For nation-wide surveys, each local government's statistical division, called Tōkei Shukan (統計とうけい主管しゅかん), conducts survey work in behalf of the SBJ.[16]: 15, 269  This system was started for the first Population Census in 1920 and legally established in 1947 with fiscal backup from the national budget.[12] Other ministries also use this system to conduct nation-wide surveys, unless they use their own local branch offices.[17]: 31 [5]: 16–23 

Organization

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The organization of the MIC follows the Cabinet Order [ja] (2000 No. 246).[18] The following explanations are based on the articles of the Cabinet Order as on April 25, 2024, but English translations are from the information dated September 2021.[19]

The Statistical Standards Department (統計とうけい基準きじゅん部ぶ, Tōkei Kijunbu) was abolished in 2005. See #MIC Director-General for Policy Planning below.

Statistical Survey Department

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Based on the Article 2 of the Cabinet Order, the SBJ has the Statistical Survey Department (統計とうけい調査ちょうさ部ぶ, Tōkei Chōsabu) to conduct the census and surveys. The following divisions have been established under this Department (Articles 110, 115–118).

  • Population Census Division (国勢こくせい統計とうけい課か, Kokusei Tōkeika) is in charge of the Population Census, Population Estimates, and other statistical surveys on demography, workforce, housing, and land use. (Article 116)
  • Economic Statistics Division (経済けいざい統計とうけい課か, Keizai Tōkeika) is in charge of statistical surveys of companies or their offices and factories. (Article 117)
  • Consumer Statistics Division (消費しょうひ統計とうけい課か, Shōhi Tōkeika) is in charge of statistics on consumers and prices including the Consumer Price Index. (Article 118)
  • Survey Planning Division (調査ちょうさ企画きかく課か, Chōsa Kikakuka) is in charge of a variety of derived statistics as well as general matters for this Department. (Article 115)

Other divisions

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The Articles 110–114 of the Cabinet Order also have provisions about the following divisions under the SBJ.

  • Statistical Business Register Management Division (事業じぎょう所しょ情報じょうほう管理かんり課か, Jigyōsho Jōhō Kanrika) is in charge of data collection regarding Statistical Business Register. (Article 112)
  • Statistics Information Utilization Promotion Division (統計とうけい情報じょうほう利用りよう推進すいしん課か, Tōkei Jōhō Riyō Suishinka) is in charge of promotion of public use of statistics and microdata, publication and dissemination of knowledge about official statistics, and management of the Statistical Library (統計とうけい図書館としょかん, Tōkei Toshokan). (Article 113)
  • General Affairs Division (総務そうむ課か, Sōmuka) is in charge of general matters for the SBJ as well as the management of the National Statistics Center (統計とうけいセンター, Tōkei Sentā) and the Statistical Research and Training Institute (統計とうけい研究けんきゅう研修けんしゅう所しょ, Tōkei Kenkyū Kensyū-jo). (Article 111)
  • Director for Management of Statistical Information Systems (統計とうけい情報じょうほうシステム管理かんり官かん, Tōkei Jōhō Shisutemu Kanrikan) is in charge of the information systems for the SBJ and for the MIC's Director-General for Policy Planning, including the Inter-Ministry Information System for Official Statistics [ja]. (Article 114)

Cooperation within the central statistical system

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The SBJ cooperates with other entities in the central government, such as the NSTAC, the Director-General for Policy Planning of the MIC, the Statistics Commission, and the Statistical Research and Training Institute, as well as the statistical departments from various ministries.[6]: 1 

National Statistics Center

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The National Statistics Center (NSTAC) was historically a segment of the SBJ specializing in tabulation. In 1984, this segment was separated from the SBJ to establish the NSTAC. In 2003, it became an Incorporated Administrative Agency.[20] It processes data for various ministries including the SBJ.[5]: 13 

The NSTAC and the SBJ also collaborate to develop the Inter-Ministry Information System for Official Statistics, the public online system for statistical surveys and data use.[6]: 10  It includes subsystems as follows:

  • Portal Site of Official Statistics: e-Stat[21]
  • Portal site for secondary use of microdata: miripo (ミクロデータ利用りようポータルサイト, Mikuro Dēta Riyō Pōtaru Saito)[22]
  • Online Survey System: e-survey[23]

The Statistical Data Utilization Center (統計とうけいデータ利り活用かつようセンター, Tōkei Dēta Rikatsuyō Sentā)[25] is a new institution run by the SBJ and the NSTAC. It was established in 2018 in Wakayama to offer services of on-site use of microdata, training of statisticians, and consulting about the use of statistics.[6]: 27 

MIC Director-General for Policy Planning

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The Statistics Act provides that the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications has the authority of planning and supervising the whole of the official statistics system, following the advice of the Statistics Commission. The minister delegates these tasks to the Director-General for Policy Planning (not to the SBJ) since 2005.[5]: 9–11 

The authority of supervision and planning of the official statistics system derived from the former Statistics Commission (統計とうけい委員いいん会かい, Tōkei Iinkai) (1946–1952).[5]: 2–3  Since the abortion of the Commission in 1952, its responsibilities had been taken by the Commissioner of the Administrative Management Agency [ja] consulting theStatistics Council (統計とうけい審議しんぎ会かい, Tōkei Shingikai), the advisory board with expert statisticians. For this purpose, the Administrative Management Agency included the Statistical Standards Department. The Department inherited the function of the Statistics Commission.[16]: 274 

As a result of the restructuring of governmental organizations in 1984, the Statistical Standards Department was merged into the SBJ. The Department had thus subordinated to the SBJ from 1984 to 2005. During this period, the government organizations were restructured again in 2001, by which the SBJ moved to the MIC.[5]: 3 

In 2005, the MIC disestablished the Statistical Standards Department and transferred its functions to one of the Director-Generals for Policy Planning (政策せいさく統括とうかつ官かん, Seisaku Tōkatsukan) of the ministry. This position was initially referred to as in charge of "Statistical Standards" (統計とうけい基準きじゅん, Tōkei Kijun), but since 2021 it has been in charge of "Statistical Policy" (統計とうけい制度せいど, Tōkei Seido).[26]

This Director-General of the MIC is also in charge of international communication with statistics offices of other countries, in collaboration with the SBJ.[27][28][5]: 6 

Statistics Commission

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The new Statistics Commission was established by the full amendment of the Statistics Act in 2007.[5]: 4–5  It is a council handling the official statistics system, made up from 13 or fewer academic experts. It was a substitute for the Statistics Council, but was provided a broader authority.[29]: 20  The revision of the Statistics Act in 2018 further extended the Commission's authority to control the whole of the official statistics.[15]: 35  It manages the Master Plan Concerning the Development of Official Statistics (公的こうてき統計とうけいの整備せいびに関かんする基本きほん的てきな計画けいかく, Kōteki Tōkei no Seibi ni Kansuru Kihontekina Keikaku),[30] reviews the plan and process of each of fundamental statistics, maintains statistical standards such as Japan Standard Industrial Classification [ ja ],[31] and supervises the anonymization of micro data for secondary use of statistics.[32]

Inter-ministry activities

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The statistical departments from various ministries, including the SBJ, hold conferences (各かく府ふ省しょう統計とうけい主管しゅかん部局ぶきょく長等ながら会議かいぎ, Kaku-fu-shō Tōkei Shukan Bukyoku-chō-tō Kaigi) to discuss issues on official statistics. During 2001–2007, when the Statistics Council lost the authority to actively offer its opinion to the government as a result of the 2001 Central Government Reform, these inter-ministry conferences were the substantial opportunity for decisions on technical matters regarding the statistics system.[33][29]: 20 

Statistical Research and Training Institute

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The Statistical Research and Training Institute [ja] is located in Kokubunji in the west of Tokyo Prefecture. It has its root in the Statistics Staff Training Institute (統計とうけい職員しょくいん養成ようせい所しょ, Tōkei Shokuin Yōsei-jo) established in 1921.[34] It became an independent educational institute of the MIC in 2003 and included the function of research that had been performed by the SBJ in 2017. The institute has thus conducted research of statistical technologies as well as training of statisticians.[6]: 38–40  The SBJ is in charge of affairs related to the Institute.[18]

Library and museum

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The Statistical Library is officially a branch of the National Diet Library.[35][6]: 36  It holds collections related to statistics as well as unpublished tables on microfilm.[6]: 49  The Statistical Library also offers a reference service on the use of statistics of Japan. The SBJ is in charge of the management of the library.[36]

The SBJ also runs the Statistical Museum (統計とうけい博物館はくぶつかん, Tōkei Hakubutsukan). This museum holds historical materials regarding Japan's official statistics.[6]: 37 

Publication

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The SBJ compiles statistical yearbooks[37] such as Japan Statistical Yearbook (日本にっぽん統計とうけい年鑑ねんかん, Nihon Tōkei Nenkan),[38] Statistical Handbook of Japan,[39] and Statistical Observations of Prefectures (統計とうけいでみる都道府県とどうふけんのすがた, Tōkei de Miru Todōfuken no Sugata),[40] as well as reports of the censuses and surveys the SBJ conducted.[6]: 49  It has also edited books on the SBJ's history and historical documents related to official statistics.[41][42][43][44]

See also

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Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ Seihyō (政せい表ひょう or 製表せいひょう) was a Japanese translation of the word "statistics" used in the late-19th century. There were other translations used in those days, for example, kokusei (国勢こくせい), hyōki (表記ひょうき or 表おもて紀き), and sutachisuchikku (スタチスチック).[7] Instead of these, the Japanese translation of tōkei (統計とうけい) eventually became established.[8]
  2. ^ History of affiliation of the SBJ: the Cabinet (1922-1942), the Planning Institute [ja] (1942–1943), the Cabinet (1943–1947), the Prime Minister's Agency (総理そうり庁ちょう, Sōri-chō) (1947–1949), the Office of the Prime Minister [ja] (1949-1984), the Management and Coordination Agency [ja] (1984–2001), and the MIC.[6]: 51 
  3. ^ The Vital Statistics (人口じんこう動態どうたい統計とうけい, Jinkō Dōtai Tōkei) and the Monthly Labour Survey [ja] were also started by the SBJ. They were respectively transferred to the Ministry of Health and Welfare [ja] in 1947 and to the Ministry of Labour [ja] in 1948.[12] Since the two ministries were merged in 2001, the surveys have been conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.[13]

References

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  1. ^ "Inquiry". Statistics Office. Retrieved 2019-11-17. The second government office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 19-1, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8668
  2. ^ "Access Map". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  3. ^ "Public Access". About NSTAC. National Statistics Center. Retrieved 2024-05-26.
  4. ^ "組織そしきと連絡れんらく先さき". 政策せいさく統括とうかつ官かん (統計とうけい制度せいど担当たんとう) (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved 2024-05-26.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2016-09-26). "Outline of Japanese Official Statistics 2016". Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Policy). Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (2020). Statistics for Japan's Future (PDF). id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030281536. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  7. ^ a b Shimamura, Shirō (2008). 日本にっぽん統計とうけい発達はったつ史し (in Japanese). 日本にっぽん統計とうけい協会きょうかい. ISBN 9784822334888.
  8. ^ Miyakawa, Tadao (2017). 統計とうけい学がくの日本にっぽん史し: 治国ちこく経世けいせいへの願ねがい (in Japanese). 東京とうきょう大学だいがく出版しゅっぱん会かい. ISBN 9784130430395.
  9. ^ Sato, Masahiro (2022). 数字すうじはつくられた: 統計とうけい史しから読よむ日本にっぽんの近代きんだい (in Japanese). 東京外国語大学とうきょうがいこくごだいがく出版しゅっぱん会かい. ISBN 9784904575956.
  10. ^ "Statistics Act (2007 Act No. 53) as of 2015". Japanese Law Translation Database System. Ministry of Justice. 2015. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  11. ^ "基幹きかん統計とうけい一覧いちらん". 統計とうけい法ほうについて (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-05-26.
  12. ^ a b Yamanaka, Shirō; Kawai, Saburō (1950). 統計とうけい法ほうと統計とうけい制度せいど (in Japanese). 統計とうけいの友とも社しゃ. doi:10.11501/1152950.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Statistics & Other Data". Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  14. ^ Takahashi, Masao (2013). "新あたらしい事業じぎょう所しょ母集団ぼしゅうだんデータベースの開発かいはつ: ビジネスレジスターの更改こうかい" (PDF). 統計とうけい研究けんきゅう彙報いほう (in Japanese). 70. 総務そうむ省しょう統計とうけい研修けんしゅう所しょ: 1–18. ISSN 1348-9976. id.ndl.go.jp/bib/024821630.
  15. ^ a b Nishimura, Kiyohiko; Yamasawa, Nariyasu; Higo, Masahiro (2020). 統計とうけい 危機ききと改革かいかく (in Japanese). 日経にっけいBP. ISBN 9784532135089.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b Shimizu, Makoto (2000). 統計とうけい体系たいけい入門にゅうもん (in Japanese). 日本にっぽん評論ひょうろん社しゃ. ISBN 4535551944.
  17. ^ Sakuramoto, Takeshi; Hamamoto, Shinichi; Nishibayashi Shogo (2023). 日本にっぽんの公的こうてき統計とうけい・統計とうけい調査ちょうさ (in Japanese) (3 ed.). 立教大学りっきょうだいがく社会しゃかい情報じょうほう教育きょういく研究けんきゅうセンター. ISBN 9784866937748.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b "総務そうむ省しょう組織そしき令れい (平成へいせい12年ねん政令せいれい第だい246号ごう)". e-Gov 法令ほうれい検索けんさく (in Japanese). Digital Agency. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  19. ^ "Internal Organizations" (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication. 2021. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  20. ^ "Timeline of Statistics in Japan". About NSTAC. National Statistics Center. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  21. ^ National Statistics Center. "Portal Site of Official Statistics Japan". e-Stat. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  22. ^ "ミクロデータ利用りようポータルサイト (miripo)". e-Stat (in Japanese). Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Policy), Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications; Statistics Bureau; National Statistics Center. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  23. ^ National Statistics Center. "Portal Site of Official Statistics Online Survey". e-survey. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  24. ^ Statistics Bureau. "Outline of the Statistical Business Register". Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  25. ^ Statistics Bureau (2018). "統計とうけいデータ利り活用かつようセンター: 先進せんしん的てきなデータ利り活用かつようの推進すいしん拠点きょてん". 統計とうけいデータ利り活用かつようセンターHP (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  26. ^ "令れい和わ3年ねん6月がつ30日にち及および7月がつ1日にち付づけ 総務そうむ省しょう人事じんじ". 報道ほうどう資料しりょう (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 2021-06-25. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  27. ^ "International Cooperation in Statistics". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  28. ^ "国際こくさい統計とうけい、国際こくさい協力きょうりょく". 統計とうけい制度せいど (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  29. ^ a b Matsui, Hiroshi (2008). 公的こうてき統計とうけいの体系たいけいと見方みかた (in Japanese). 日本にっぽん評論ひょうろん社しゃ. ISBN 9784535554726.
  30. ^ "公的こうてき統計とうけいの整備せいびに関かんする基本きほん的てきな計画けいかく". 統計とうけい制度せいどの企画きかく・立案りつあん等とう (in Japanese). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  31. ^ "Japan Standard Industrial Classification". Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Policy). Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  32. ^ "匿名とくめいデータの作成さくせい・提供ていきょう及およびオーダーメード集計しゅうけい". Statistics Bureau (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  33. ^ Ishibashi, Naoki (2006). "統計とうけい制度せいど改革かいかくに向むけた動うごきについて". 経済けいざいのプリズム (in Japanese). 19. House of Councillors, National Diet of Japan: 14–24. ISSN 1882-062X. dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1004085.
  34. ^ "Statistical Research and Training Institute". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  35. ^ "国立こくりつ国会図書館こっかいとしょかん行政ぎょうせい・司法しほう各かく部門ぶもん支部しぶ図書館としょかん及および分館ぶんかん一覧いちらん". 行政ぎょうせい・司法しほう各かく部門ぶもんの職員しょくいん（府ふ省しょう等とう職員しょくいん）の方ほうへ (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  36. ^ "Statistical Library and Statistical Museum". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  37. ^ "Statistical Compendia". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  38. ^ Statistics Bureau. Japan Statistical Yearbook. 日本にっぽん統計とうけい協会きょうかい. ISSN 0389-9004. id.ndl.go.jp/ejournal/1000000000378559.
  39. ^ Statistics Bureau. Statistical Handbook of Japan. 総務そうむ省しょう統計とうけい局きょく. ISSN 0081-4792. dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/10319359.
  40. ^ Statistics Bureau. Statistical Observations of Prefectures. 日本にっぽん統計とうけい協会きょうかい. ISSN 1880-1358. dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/13123128.
  41. ^ Statistics Bureau (1951). 総理府そうりふ統計とうけい局きょく八はち十じゅう年ねん史し稿こう (in Japanese). Statistics Bureau. doi:10.11501/3027573.
  42. ^ Statistics Bureau (1973–1990). 総理府そうりふ統計とうけい局きょく百ひゃく年ねん史し資料しりょう集成しゅうせい (in Japanese). 総理府そうりふ統計とうけい局きょく. doi:10.11501/11932504. ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BN01560695. (in 6 volumes)
  43. ^ Statistics Bureau (1992). 統計とうけい局きょく・統計とうけいセンター百ひゃく二に十じゅう年ねん史し (in Japanese). 日本にっぽん統計とうけい協会きょうかい. doi:10.11501/12658379. ISBN 4822313921.
  44. ^ Statistics Bureau; National Statistics Center (2003). 統計とうけい実務じつむ変遷へんせん史し 総務庁そうむちょう時代じだいを中心ちゅうしんとして (昭和しょうわ59年ねん7月がつ1日にち～平成へいせい15年ねん3月がつ31日にち) (in Japanese). 日本にっぽん統計とうけい協会きょうかい. ISBN 4822328147.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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