Armlock
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Armlock | |
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Classification | Joint-lock |
Parent hold | Various grappling positions |
Child hold(s) | Wristlock |
An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that hyperextends, hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or shoulder joint. An armpit lock is very useful, it will immobilize your opponent and pin them on the ground. An armlock that hyper-extends the elbow is known as an armbar, and it includes the traditional armbar (pressing the elbow against the thigh or hips), the shoulder triangle armbar (where a figure-four is locked with the legs), and the shotgun armbar (where the opponent's wrist is placed in the armpit, using the forearm as a fulcrum). An armlock that hyper-rotates the arm is known as an armcoil, and includes the americana, kimura, and omaplata. Depending on the joint flexibility of a person, armcoils can either hyper-rotate only the shoulder joint, only the elbow joint, or both the elbow joint and shoulder joint.
Obtaining an armlock requires effective use of full-body leverage in order to initiate and secure a lock on the targeted arm, while preventing the opponent from escaping the lock. Therefore, performing an armlock is less problematic on the ground, from positions such as the mount, side control, or guard. Armlocks are more difficult to perform when both combatants are standing up, though the stand-up variants are a focus in certain systems such as Chin Na.
Armlocks, considered less dangerous techniques in combat sports allowing joint locks, are the most common joint locks used as submission holds. In training, the method of executing an armlock is generally slow and controlled to give the opponent time to submit prior to any infliction of injury. However, in self-defense applications, or when applied improperly or with excessive force, armlocks can cause muscle, tendon and ligament damage, even dislocation, or bone fractures.
Armbar
[edit]The jūji-gatame (
Flying armbar
[edit]The flying armbar or tobi-jūji-gatame (
Helicopter armbar
[edit]The helicopter armbar is a slightly different version of the armbar, a combination of an armbar and tomoe nage, which is also used by wrestling, Judo and BJJ. When the attacker stands in front of the opponent, he grabs both of his arms and falls backwards, causing the opponent to lean forward. Then the attacker puts his feet on the opponent's stomach or hips and lifts him up with his feet. While securing one of the opponents arms, the attacker will drop one foot (Same side as the secured arm). This will cause the opponent to twist and fall, landing with the secured arm extended by the attacker.
Sankaku-gatame
[edit]The sankaku-gatame (
Shoulder locks
[edit]The "shoulder lock" is a technique used as a method of upper body restraint. It should not be confused with a choke because the lock does not block or interfere with the flow of air or oxygen to the brain. The application is executed by applying pressure between the radial bone and shoulder.
Top shoulder lock
[edit]The top shoulder lock, (Also known as the figure-four armlock, bent armlock, americana, keylock, V1 armlock, paintbrush, or ude-garami)[2][3] is a grappling keylock technique in which both of the practitioner's arms isolate and cause flexion to the shoulder, elbow, and to a lesser extent the wrist of the opponent. The technique is generally set in motion by the practitioner, using their opposite side hand (i.e. to target the opponents' right hand he uses his own left hand), pinning the opponent's arm to the ground at the wrist, so that the elbow falls at a right angle with the palm facing upwards. Subsequently, the practitioner will thread his opposite hand under the opponent's biceps, reach through and grasp his own wrist. Doing so creates the signature "figure four", from which one name for this technique was derived. This also gives the practitioner a mechanical advantage over the opponent. To finish the submission the practitioner slides the wrist of the opponent toward the lower body, while simultaneously elevating the elbow and forearm, in a motion resembling using a paintbrush, creating opposition to the joints and causing the necessary flexion in the shoulder and elbow to cause significant pain, and damage if the opponent fails to submit. While it is feasible to execute this technique from several different positions, the most commonly utilized is the side mount position. This technique also has numerous variations with their own nomenclature, for instance depending on the rotational direction the arm, the addition of the word "reverse" signifying medial rotation as in reverse keylock or reverse ude-garami, in which case the usage of "keylock" indicates lateral rotation only.
Double wristlock (Gyaku ude-garami)
[edit]Double wristlock/chicken wing (catch wrestling), kimura (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu), or reverse keylock are terms used to specify a medial keylock known in judo as gyaku ude-garami (reverse arm entanglement) or simply as ude-garami. The application is similar to the top wristlock, except that it is reversed. It needs some space behind the opponent to be effective, and can be applied from the side control or guard. Contrary to the top wristlock, the opponent's wrist is grabbed with the hand on the same side, and the opposite arm is put behind the opponent's arm, again grabbing the attacker's wrist and forming a figure-four. By controlling the opponent's body and cranking the arm away from the attacker, pressure is put on the shoulder joint, and depending on the angle, also the elbow joint (in some variations the opponent's arm is brought behind their back, resulting in a finishing position resembling that of the hammerlock outlined below).
The name "kimura" started circulating in Brazil after a judoka and a professional wrestler Masahiko Kimura used it to defeat one of the founders of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Hélio Gracie. This variation of the name gained more prominence in MMA after the introduction of UFC, and the role Gracie had in its early history. Although a top wristlock is technically a reverse double wristlock, UFC announcer Bruce Buffer still announces fights won by top wristlock as "by tap-out due to a kimura".[4]
The double wristlock is considered in catch wrestling to be the bread-and-butter part of their style.[5] Professional wrestler Terry Funk credits Lorigo "Tony" Morelli with introducing the hold to wrestling "in the '20s", and expressed light frustration with the term "kimura" gradually replacing "double wristlock". He says Morelli set it up by giving opponents (either in fixed matches or legitimate challenges) his back, while standing, throughout his thirty-year career.[6] A reporter for The Spokesman-Review used the term in June 1925 to describe a submission by Jim "Cyclone Thompson" Corrigan over the deputy sheriff of Worley, Idaho, without elaborating on the mechanics.[7] The Wichita Eagle did likewise that April, for Dick Daviscourt's first fall on strongman Henry "Milo" Steinborn.[8]
The 1928 National Collegiate Athletic Association rulebook noted, "Attention is called to the fact that if the double wristlock is brought up to a twisting hammerlock, it becomes an illegal hold and must be stopped by the Referee...". Elsewhere, it prohibits preventing an opponent from escaping with a bodylock, with low-quality photographic illustration. It also noted concern for the danger of a legally applied double wristlock.[9] Robin Reed had used the move to force pins on his way to an Olympic gold medal in 1924.[10]
Omoplata (sankaku-garami)
[edit]The omoplata (referred to in judo as ashi-sankaku-garami,
Tsunetane Oda, a judo groundwork specialist who died in 1955,[13] was shown on video to have demonstrated the technique.[14]
Hammerlock
[edit]A hammerlock is a shoulder lock similar to the double wristlock where the opponent's arm is held bent against their back, and their hand forced upwards towards the neck, thereby applying pressure to the shoulder joint. This version of the rotational armlock has been present in wrestling circles for centuries and its earliest appearance is in a 16th century German book detailing techniques for European Wrestling.[15] In BJJ circles, this is sometimes referred to as chicken wing. In recent years, its popularity with North Caucasian wrestlers like Khabib Nurmagomedov has garnered the lock the nickname Dagestani Handcuffs.[16]
See also
[edit]- For armlocks involving a separating motion of the elbow joint, see Biceps slicer
- Leglock
- Small joint manipulation
- Spinal lock
- Wristlock
References
[edit]- ^ "Submission History: The Origins Of The Armbar". Jitsmagazine.com. 2020-08-28. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- ^ "Classification of Techniques in Kodokan Judo". Retrieved 2008-10-19.
- ^ "The 29 Official Grappling Techniques of Kodokan Judo". Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
- ^ MetroPCS Move of the Week - Gabriel Gonzaga vs. Justin McCully
- ^ "Josh Barnett Setting Up The Catch Wrestling Double Wrist Lock aka Kimura Variation". BJJ EE. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ The Ross Report, episode 55, "Terry Funk". Jim Ross interviews Terry Funk, on PodcastOne (1:13:30)
- ^ "Cyclone Thompson Wins Championship Belt", reprinted from The Spokesman-Review by The WAWLI Papers
- ^ "Daviscourt Knows Too Much About Wrestling Game", reprinted from The Wichita Eagle by The WAWLI Papers
- ^ "National Collegiate Athletic Association Official Intercollegiate Wrestling Guide", by the Spalding's Athletic Library, 1928 (page 50)
- ^ Chapman, Mike (2005). Wrestling Tough. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-0-7360-5637-3.
- ^ Inokuma, Isao; Sato, Nobuyuki (1987). Best Judo. Kodansha America. ISBN 0-87011-786-6.
- ^ Judo-club Hadamar. Judo von A - Z Archived 2005-05-06 at the Wayback Machine. www.judoclubhadamar.de. URL last accessed August 18, 2006. (In German)
- ^ Toshikazu Okada. Master Tsunetane Oda
- ^ Tsunetane Oda - judo ne-waza 3 of 3
- ^ "Submission History: The Origins Of The Kimura". Jitsmagazine.com. 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
- ^ "Dagestani Handcuff - Everything You Need to Know". 31 October 2021.
External links
[edit]- Gracie BJJ. Kimura Lock. mmasubmissionmoves.com.
- Bothner, George; Gotch, Frank; Hackenschmidt, George; Liederman, Earle. Hammerlock. gnarlmaster.tripod.com.
- Kesting, Stephan. Revolutionary Omo Plata. www.grapplearts.com.
- Kesting, Stephan; Soares, Marcus. Mastering the Kimura, www.grapplearts.com.
- Ohlenkamp, Neil. The Most Powerful Armlock in Judo. judoinfo.com.
- Trnka, Tue. MMA-ordbogen. www.mmareporter.dk. URL last accessed August 18, 2006. (In Danish)