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Waist chop

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A prisoner is executed on a wooden bench with a large blade.

Waist chop or waist cutting (simplified Chinese: 腰こし斩; traditional Chinese: 腰こし斬き; pinyin: Yāo zhǎn), also known as cutting in two at the waist,[1] was a form of execution used in ancient China.[2] As its name implies, it involved the condemned being sliced in two at the waist by an executioner.

History

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Waist chopping first appeared during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 BC – 256 BC). There were three forms of execution used in the Zhou dynasty: chēliè (車くるま裂きれ; tearing apart by tying the arms and legs to carts moving in opposite directions), zhǎn (斬き; waist chop), and shā (殺ころせ; beheading).[3] Sometimes, the chopping was not limited to one slice.

The first Ming dynasty emperor Zhu Yuanzhang sentenced the poet Gao Qi to be sliced into eight parts for his politically satirical writing.[4]

In the modern Chinese language, "waist chop" has evolved to become a metaphor for the cancellation of an ongoing project, especially cancellation of television programs.[citation needed]

Notable people sentenced to waist chop

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  • Li Si (Qin)
  • Chao Cuo (Han)
  • Gongsun Ao (Han)
  • Liu Qumao (劉りゅう屈こごめ氂) (Han)
  • Ren An (任にん安やす) (Han)
  • Yang Yun (楊惲) (Han)
  • Yu Fang (虞おそれ放ひ) (Han)
  • Huo Yu (霍禹) (Han)
  • Xiahou Xuan (Wei)
  • Liu Lancheng (劉りゅう蘭らん成なり) (Tang)
  • Bian Ji (辯べん機き) (Tang, legend)
  • Wang Ya (Tang)
  • Shu Yuanyu (Tang)
  • Li Qi (Tang)
  • Li Shihui (李り師し回かい) (Tang)
  • Huang Dehe (黃き德和とくわ) (Song)
  • Gao Qi (Ming)
  • Fang Xiaoru (Ming)
  • Yu Hongtu (俞鴻圖ず) (Qing, legend)
    • According to a legend not attested in the official histories recounts that in 1734, Yu Hongtu (俞鴻圖ず), the Education Administrator of Henan, was sentenced to a waist chop. After being cut in two at the waist, he remained alive long enough to write the Chinese character cǎn (慘むご; "cruel, awful") seven times with his own blood before dying. After hearing this, the Yongzheng Emperor abolished this form of execution.[5] However, according to other sources such as Draft History of Qing and Qing shi bian nian (清史きよし编年) (China Renmin University Press), Yu was beheaded instead, not chopped at the waist.[6]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ulrich Lau; Thies Staack (19 May 2016). Legal Practice in the Formative Stages of the Chinese Empire: An Annotated Translation of the Exemplary Qin Criminal Cases from the Yuelu Academy Collection. Brill Publishers. pp. 358–. ISBN 978-90-04-31565-5.
  2. ^ American Association for Chinese Studies (1998). American Journal of Chinese Studies. American Association for Chinese Studies.
  3. ^ "揭秘古代こだい酷刑こっけい："腰こし斩"的てき历史从产生せい到いた消失しょうしつ". Ifeng.com. 2008-07-09. Archived from the original on 2014-04-24.
  4. ^ 祝ほうり允まこと明あきら《野の记》：“魏ぎ守もり（观）欲よく复府治ち，兼けん疏溶城じょう中河なかがわ。御ご史し张度劾公，有ゆう‘典てん灭王之の基もと，开败国こく之の河かわ’之の语。盖以旧きゅう治ち先さき为伪周しゅう所しょ处，而卧龙街西にし淤川，即そく旧きゅう所ところ谓锦帆ほ泾故也。上大かみおお怒いか，置おけ公こう极典。高こう太ふとし史し启，以作《新しん府ふ上じょう梁はり文ぶん》与あずか王おう彝つね皆みな与あずか其难。高こう被ひ截为八はち段だん云うん。”
  5. ^ 林はやし濤《正せい說せつ清朝せいちょう三さん百ひゃく年ねん》
  6. ^ 《清きよし實錄じつろく雍正朝あさ實錄じつろく》51丙へい申さる
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