Wei Shuo

Wei Shuo (simplified Chinese: 卫铄; traditional Chinese: 衛まもる鑠; pinyin: Wèi Shuò, 272–349 CE), courtesy name Mouyi (茂しげる猗), sobriquet He'nan (和南わなみ), commonly addressed just as Lady Wei (衛まもる夫人ふじん), who lived during the Eastern Jin, was one of the most famous of all Chinese calligraphers in history.^[1]^[2] She was a pioneer, who established new rules that developed the regular script. ^[3] As a teacher, her most notable disciple was Wang Xizhi.^[4]

Biography

Born in modern Xia, Shanxi, Wei was the daughter of Wei Zhan (衛まもる展てん) or the daughter or younger sister of Wei Heng (衛まもる恆つね). She came from a family well-known for their skill in literature and calligraphy, and her uncle and cousin were also talented calligraphers.^[3]^[5]^[2]

Wei was married to Li Ju (李り矩のり, not to be confused with the Jin general of the same name, Li Ju), the Governor of Ding Prefecture.^[4] Wei and Li had Li Chong (李り充たかし), also a calligrapher and a Palace Secretarial Attendant (中書ちゅうしょ侍さむらい郎ろう). She may have been taught the style that Zhong Yao used; however, judging from comments describing her style as thin, Wei's style may have been more narrow than Zhong's wider style.^[6]

After her time studying the famous works of classic calligraphers, she began developing her own style, that focused on mimicking the shapes and motions found in nature, creating work of grace and vigour that became the benchmark for calligraphy from then onwards.^[4]^[1] She wrote a monumentally influential treatise on her theories of calligraphy; Wei's The Picture of Ink Brush (筆陣ひつじん圖ず) describes the Seven Powers (七なな勢ぜい) that later became the famous Eight Principles of Yong. She famously compared calligraphy to war: the paper to a battlefield, the brush to a weapon and the ink to ammunition.^[1]

Works

Wei's other works include:

Famous Concubine Inscription (名めい姬ひめ帖じょう, Ming Ji Tie)
The Inscription of Weishi He'nan (衛まもる氏し和南わなみ帖じょう, Weishi He'nan Tie)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020-12-07). Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-4408-4693-9.
^ ^a ^b Ko, Dorothy (2017-03-07). The Social Life of Inkstones: Artisans and Scholars in Early Qing China. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-99919-7.
^ ^a ^b Tsjeng, Zing (2023-03-06). Forgotten Women. Octopus. ISBN 978-1-914240-67-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Westfahl, Gary (2015-04-21). A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-61069-403-2.
^ Lee, Thomas H. C. (2018-12-24). Education in Traditional China: A History. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-38955-7.
^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A. D.; Wiles, Sue; Ho, Clara Wing-chung (2007). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4182-3.

Wang, Yuchi, "Wei Shuo". Encyclopedia of China (Arts Edition), 1st ed.

[:2-1] Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020-12-07). Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-4408-4693-9.

[:3-2] Ko, Dorothy (2017-03-07). The Social Life of Inkstones: Artisans and Scholars in Early Qing China. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-99919-7.

[:0-3] Tsjeng, Zing (2023-03-06). Forgotten Women. Octopus. ISBN 978-1-914240-67-6.

[:1-4] Westfahl, Gary (2015-04-21). A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-61069-403-2.

[5] Lee, Thomas H. C. (2018-12-24). Education in Traditional China: A History. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-38955-7.

[6] Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A. D.; Wiles, Sue; Ho, Clara Wing-chung (2007). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4182-3.

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