Yaglakar clan

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Yaglakar
Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰞𐰴𐰺‎, romanized: Yaγがんまlaqar

Chinese: 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら; pinyin: Yàoluógé
Tamga of Yaglakar
CountryUyghur Khaganate, Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
FounderBezgek Yaglakar Khan (Mythical)
Connected familiesÄdiz clan
Dissolution795

The Yaglakar clan was the first imperial clan of the Uyghur Khaganate. Descendants of the Yaglakar clan would later establish the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom.

Origin[edit]

The clan was named after a mythical founder Yaglakar Khan[1] or Buk Khan (卜ぼく可か汗あせ).[2] Initially a part of Tiele Confederation, they carried the hereditary title elteber later as subjects of the Tang dynasty. The first known member of the clan was Tegin Irkin (特とく健けん俟斤 *dək̚-ɡɨɐnH ʒɨX-kɨn > Tèjiàn Sìjīn).

Chiefs of the clan[edit]

Name Chinese original Reign Notes
Tegin Irkin 特とく健けん俟斤/時とき健けん俟斤 Lady Wuluohun 烏がらす羅ら渾
Yaoluoge Pusa 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら菩薩ぼさつ ?-629 He was allied to Xueyantuo to make against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.

Defeated Yukuk Shad.[3]

Yaoluoge Tumidu 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら吐迷度ど 647-648 Submitted to Tang, was created Commander of Hanhai Area Command[4]
Yaoluoge Wuhe 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら烏がらす紇 648 Murdered his uncle Tumidu, was son-in-law of Chebi Qaghan
Yaoluoge Porun 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら婆ばば閏うるう 648-662 Created chief by Cui Dunli on the order of Emperor Taizong of Tang
Yaoluoge Bisidu 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら比ひ粟あわ毒どく 662-680 Rebelled against Emperor Gaozong of Tang, executed by Qibi Heli
Yaoluoge Dujiezhi 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら獨どく解かい支ささえ 680-695 Son of Bisidu
Yaoluoge Fudifu 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら伏ふく帝みかど匐 695-719 Son of Dujiezhi, was created Vice Military Commissioner of Hexi in 715[5]
Yaoluoge Chengzong 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら承うけたまわ宗むね 719-727 Son of Fudifu, exiled to Second Turkic Qaghanate
Yaoluoge Fudinan 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら伏ふく帝みかど難なん 727 Commander of Hanhai Area Command
Yaoluoge Hushu 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら護まもる輸 727 Killed Jiedushi Wang Junchuo (王おう君くん㚟) and wounded Niu Xianke in 727
Yaoluoge Yibiaobi 藥くすり羅ら葛かずら逸いっ标苾 727-744 Founded Uyghur Khaganate

Khagans[edit]

Personal Name Turkic title Chinese title Reign
Yaoluoge Yibiaobi Qutlugh Bilge Köl Qaghan Huairen Khagan (怀仁可か汗あせ) 744-747
Yaoluoge Moyanchuo Tengrida Bolmish El Etmish Bilge Qaghan Yingwu Weiyuan Pijia Qaghan (英えい武威ぶい遠どお毗伽闕可汗あせ) 747-759
Yaoluoge Yidijian Tengrida Qut Bolmish El Tutmish Alp Külüg Bilge Qaghan Yingyi Qaghan (英えい義ぎ可か汗あせ) 759-780
Yaoluoge Dunmohe Alp Qutlugh Bilge Qaghan Wuyi Chenggong Qaghan (武義たけよし成功せいこう可か汗あせ)

Changshou Tianqin Qaghan (長壽ちょうじゅ天てん親おや可か汗あせ)

780-789
Yaoluoge Duoluosi Kulug Bilge Qaghan Zhongzhen Qaghan (忠ただし貞さだ可か汗あせ) 789-790
Yaoluoge Achuo Qutluq Bilge Qaghan Fengcheng Qaghan (奉たてまつ誠まこと可か汗あせ) 790-795

By the death of Yaoluoge Achuo in 795, the main line of the Yaglakar clan ceased to exist. However, successive khagans adopted the Yaglakar surname for prestige.[6] The rest of the clan members were exiled to the Tang capital Chang'an. An epitaph was recently found in 2010 in Xi'an which belonged to one of the Yaglakar princes, Prince Gechuai (葛かずら啜すす王子おうじ),[7] younger brother of Yaoluoge Dunmohe[8] who died of cold fever on 11 June 795 and was buried on 28 June 795.

However, another line of the Yaglakar clan came to rule the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom in 890s.[9]

Ganzhou Uyghur kings[edit]

Personal Name Turkic title Chinese title Reign
Yaoluoge Renmei Yingyi Qaghan (英えい義ぎ可か汗あせ) 911-924
Yaoluoge Aduo/Diyin/Renyu Shunhua Qaghan (順化じゅんか可か汗あせ)

Fenghua Qaghan (奉たてまつ化か可か汗あせ)

924-959
Yaoluoge Jingjiong 960-975
Yaoluoge Milie Yaglakar Bilge Qaghan 976-983
Yaoluoge ? Zhongshun Baode Qaghan (忠順ただまさ保德やすのり可か汗あせ) 1004-1016
Yaoluoge Guihua Huaining Shunhua Qaghan (懷ふところ甯順化か可か汗あせ) 1016-1023
Yaoluoge Tongshun Guizhong Baoshun Qaghan (歸かえり忠保ただやす順じゅん可か汗あせ) 1023-1028
Yaoluoge Yasu Baoguo Qaghan (寶たから國こく可か汗あせ) 1028-1032

The last member of the clan, Baoguo Qaghan, committed suicide in 1032 after the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom was annexed by the Western Xia.[10] Yuri Zuev proposed that the Yaglakar clan survived and eventually became Mongolized under the name "Jalairs".[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Alyılmaz, Cengiz (2013). "(Kök)Türk Harfli Eski Türk Yazıtlarının Kırgızlar Açısından Önemi". International Journal of Turkish Literature Culture Education (in Turkish). 2/2 (4): 1–61. doi:10.7884/teke.255.
  2. ^ Theobald, Ulrich. "Huihe 回かい紇, Huihu 回かい鶻, Weiwur 維吾爾なんじ, Uyghurs (www.chinaknowledge.de)". www.chinaknowledge.de. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
  3. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2013). Li Shi Min, Founding the Tang Dynasty: The Strategies that Made China the Greatest Empire in Asia. Algora Publishing. ISBN 9780875869803.
  4. ^ Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012-07-06). Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199875900.
  5. ^ Pan, Yihong (1990). Sui-Tang foreign policy: four case studies (Thesis). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0098752.
  6. ^ Moriyasu, Takao (2015). "New Developments in the History of East Uighur Manichaeism". Open Theology. 1 (1). doi:10.1515/opth-2015-0016. ISSN 2300-6579. S2CID 170123859.
  7. ^ Hayashi, Toshio. "EPITAPH OF AN UIGHUR PRINCE FOUND IN XI'AN". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Xin, Luo (2013-06-15). "Karı Çor Tigin Yazıtının Çincesi ve Karı Çor Tigin'in Şeceresi". Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi (in Turkish). 2/2 (2). doi:10.7884/teke.187. ISSN 2147-0146.
  9. ^ Studies, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific (1996). Cultural contact, history and ethnicity in inner Asia: papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar, University of Toronto, March 4, 1994 and March 3, 1995. Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies. p. 125. ISBN 9781895296228.
  10. ^ Cheng Suluo: "A Study of the Khaganal Genealogy of Ganzhou Kingdom", "On the History of the Tang and Song Dynasties" (Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1994), pp. 140-149. (in Chinese)
  11. ^ Zuev, Yu A. (2002). Early Turks: Essays on history and ideology. Oriental Studies Institute, Almaty: Daik-Press. pp. 104–105.
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