Yunreng

In this Manchu name, the given name is Yunreng. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the clan name Aisin-Gioro.

Yunreng
Crown Prince
Portrait of Yunreng
Crown Prince
Tenure	1675 - 1708 (First term) 1709 - 1712 (Second term)
Born	Aisin Gioro Baocheng (愛あい新しん覺さとし羅ら·保ほ成なり) (1674-06-06)6 June 1674 Beijing, China
Died	27 January 1725(1725-01-27) (aged 50) Beijing, China
Consorts	Lady Gūwalgiya ​ ​ (m. 1695; died 1718)​
Issue	Hongxi, Prince Li of the First Rank Hongjin Hongyan Hongtiao Hongyao Hongwei, Prince Li of the Second Rank Hongbing Hongwan Princess of the Third Rank Princess Shushen of the Second Rank Princess of the Third Rank Princess of the Fourth Rank Princess of the Third Rank
Names Aisin Gioro Yunreng (愛あい新しん覺さとし羅ら·允まこと礽) Posthumous name Prince Limi of the First Rank (理り密みつ親王しんのう)
House	Aisin Gioro
Father	Kangxi Emperor
Mother	Empress Xiaochengren

Yunreng
Chinese	允まこと礽
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yǔnréng
Yinreng
Chinese	胤たね礽
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yìnréng

Yunreng (6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725), born Yinreng, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was the second among the Kangxi Emperor's sons to survive into adulthood and was designated as Crown Prince for two terms between 1675 and 1712 before being deposed. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Limi of the First Rank.

Biography

Yunreng was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the seventh son of the Kangxi Emperor, but was the second among the emperor's sons to survive into adulthood. He was given the infant name "Baocheng" (保ほ成なり), and was renamed "Yinreng" when he became older. His mother was the Kangxi Emperor's first empress, Empress Xiaochengren from the Hešeri clan, who was also a granddaughter of Sonin (one of the four regents in the Kangxi Emperor's early reign). She died not long after giving birth to Yinreng, and was greatly lamented by the Kangxi Emperor.

The Kangxi Emperor personally taught Yinreng to read and he proclaimed Yinreng as his Crown Prince when Yinreng was only a year old. Under the tutelage of several scholar-officials, Yinreng became well-versed in the Chinese and Manchu languages. Between 1696 and 1697, when the Kangxi Emperor was away twice on military campaigns against Galdan Khan of the Zunghar Khanate, Yinreng was appointed as regent to supervise affairs in the imperial capital, Beijing. Despite scandals and accusations of immorality, Yinreng remained in his father's favour and was given the Western Gardens (西にし花園はなぞの) of Beijing as his residence.

In 1703, Yinreng's granduncle Songgotu was found guilty of attempting to murder the Kangxi Emperor, along with a series of corruption charges, and was imprisoned and died shortly afterwards. Yinreng gradually fell out of his father's favour as a result. In 1708, during a hunting expedition in Rehe, the Kangxi Emperor accused Yinreng of immorality, sexual impropriety, usurping power, and treason. Yinreng was stripped of his position as Crown Prince and imprisoned. When it was later discovered that the First Prince Yinzhi had employed lamas to cast evil spells on Yinreng, the Kangxi Emperor pardoned Yinreng in 1709 and restored him as Crown Prince. In the following three years, Yinreng's condition deteriorated and the Kangxi Emperor became convinced that Yinreng was insane. Consequently, in 1712, Yinreng was deposed again and placed in perpetual confinement.

In 1722, the Kangxi Emperor died and was succeeded by his fourth son Yinzhen, who became historically known as the Yongzheng Emperor. Yinreng changed his name to Yunreng to avoid naming taboo because the Chinese character for "Yin" (胤たね) in "Yinreng" is the same as the one in the Yongzheng Emperor's personal name "Yinzhen" (胤たね禛). Yunreng died three years later in 1725 while still being incarcerated. He was granted the posthumous title of "Prince Limi of the First Rank" (和かず碩せき理り密みつ親王しんのう).

The bitter factionalism between the Kangxi Emperor's sons and the dispute over the succession prompted the Yongzheng Emperor to establish a practice of writing a secret imperial edict on who would succeed to the throne, and sealing the edict in a box behind a tablet in the Palace of Heavenly Purity in the Forbidden City. The edict would only be publicly revealed upon the death of the reigning emperor.

Family

Lady Guwalgiya, primary consort of Yinreng

Primary Consort

• Imperial Princess Consort Limi, of the Gūwalgiya clan (和かず碩せき亲王福ぶく晋すすむ 瓜ふり爾しか佳けい氏し; d. July/August 1718)
  Titles: Crown Princess (皇太子こうたいし妃ひ), Primary Consort to the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ嫡福晋すすむ), Imperial Princess Consort Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王福ぶく晋すすむ)
  • Princess of the Third Rank (郡ぐん主ぬし; 25 September 1697 – 5 May 1735), 3rd daughter
    • Married Alabutan (阿おもね喇布坦ひろし) of the Tumed in June/July 1720

Secondary Consort

• Secondary Consort, of the Ligiya clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 李り佳けい氏し)
  Titles: Secondary Consort of the Crown Prince (皇太子こうたいし侧妃), Secondary Consort of the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ侧妃), Secondary Consort to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王侧妃)
  • First son (4 February 1692 – 27 December 1701)
  • First daughter (27 May 1693 – June/July 1693)
  • Second daughter (11 March 1694 – March/April 1694)
  • Hongxi, Prince Li of the First Rank (理り親王しんのう 弘ひろ晳; 25 August 1694 – 26 October 1742), 2nd son

• Secondary consort, of the Lingiya clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 林はやし佳けい氏し)
  Titles: Secondary Consort of the Crown Prince (皇太子こうたいし侧妃), Secondary Consort of the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ侧妃), Secondary Consort to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王侧妃)
  • Hongjin, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公こう 弘ひろし晉すすむ; 14 November 1696 – 23 April 1717), 3rd son
  • Princess of the Fourth Rank (縣けん主ぬし; 10 January 1715 – 12 July 1762), 9th daughter
    • Married Cewangduo'erji (策さく旺多爾なんじ濟ずみ; d. 1751) of the Aohan in January/February 1730

• Secondary consort, of the Tanggiya clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 唐から佳けい氏し)
  Titles: Secondary Consort of the Crown Prince (皇太子こうたいし侧妃), Secondary Consort of the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ侧妃), Secondary Consort to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王侧妃)
  • Fourth son (1 November 1704 – 4 February 1706)
  • Princess Shushen of the Second Rank (和かず碩せき淑よし慎まき公主こうしゅ; 24 January 1708 – 23 October 1784), 6th daughter
    • Married Janggimboo (觀音かんのん保ほ; d. 1735) of the Khorchin Borjigit clan in December 1726 or January 1727
  • Hongyan, Duke Kexi of the Second Rank (輔國恪つとむ僖公 弘ひろ曣; 5 August 1712 – 19 May 1750), 6th son

• Secondary consort, of the Cenggiya clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 程ほど佳けい氏し)
  Titles: Secondary Consort of the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ侧妃), Secondary Consort to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王侧妃)
  • Princess of the Third Rank (郡ぐん主ぬし; 2 March 1714 – 21 November 1760), 8th daughter
    • Married Pengsukelashi (彭蘇克かつ拉ひしげ氏し) of the Aohan Borjigit clan in January/February 1731
  • Tenth daughter (27 July 1717 – February/March 1720)
  • Hongwei, Prince Like of the Second Rank (理り恪つとむ郡ぐん王おう 弘ひろし㬙; 27 January 1719 – 25 September 1780), 10th son
  • Hongwan, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公こう 弘ひろ晥; 6 November 1724 – 29 May 1775), 12th son

• Secondary consort, of the Wanyan clan (側がわ福ぶく晉すすむ 完かん颜氏)
  Titles: Secondary Consort of the Seventh Prince (七なな王子おうじ侧妃), Secondary Consort to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき亲王侧妃)
  • Hongtiao, Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公こう 弘ひろ晀; 16 June 1714 – 28 August 1774), 7th son
  • Hongbing (弘ひろし昞; 8 February 1720 – 4 May 1763), 11th son

Concubine

• Concubine, of the Fangiya clan (范佳氏し)
  Titles: Crown Prince's Concubine (皇太子こうたいし庶妃), Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Fourth daughter (16 March 1706)
  • Fifth daughter (4 January 1708 – February/March 1712)

• Concubine, of the Liu clan (劉りゅう氏し)
  Titles: Crown Prince's Concubine (皇太子こうたいし庶妃), Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Fifth son (16 December 1708)

• Concubine, of the Liugiya clan (劉りゅう佳けい氏し)
  Titles: Crown Prince's Concubine (皇太子こうたいし庶妃), Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Seventh daughter (25 November 1711 – November/December 1716)
  • 11th daughter (27 July 1717 – 29 March 1725)

• Concubine, of the Qian clan (錢ぜに氏し)
  Titles: Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Eighth son (1 March 1715 – 4 July 1726)

• Concubine, of the Qiu clan (邱氏)
  Titles: Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Hongyao (弘ひろし暚; 3 July 1716 – 9 February 1783), 9th son

• Concubine, of the Qi clan (祁氏)
  Titles: Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • Princess of the Third Rank (郡ぐん主ぬし; 14 November 1717 – 30 April 1776), 12th daughter
    • Married Kaying'a (喀英阿おもね) of the Kharchin in January/February 1732

• Concubine, of the Zhu clan (朱しゅ氏し)
  Titles: Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • 13th daughter (4 February 1718 – May/June 1719)

• Concubine, of the Pei clan (裴氏)
  Titles: Seventh Prince's Concubine (七なな王子おうじ庶福晋すすむ), Concubine to Prince Limi of the First Rank (和かず碩せき親王しんのう庶福晋すすむ)
  • 14th daughter (25 April 1722 – August/September 1722)

Ancestry

Hong Taiji (1592–1643)

Shunzhi Emperor (1638–1661)

Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–1688)

Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722)

Tulai (1606–1658)

Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638–1663)

Lady Gioro

Yunreng (1674–1725)

Sonin (1601–1667)

Gabula (d. 1681)

Empress Xiaochengren (1654–1674)

In fiction and popular culture

• Portrayed by Xu Min in Yongzheng Dynasty (1999)
• Portrayed by Zong Fengyan in Palace (2011)
• Portrayed by Zhang Lei in Scarlet Heart (2011)
• Portrayed by Lam Chi-chung in The Palace (2013)
• Portrayed by Power Chan in Gilded Chopsticks (2014)
• Portrayed by Liao Yan Long in Love In The Imperial Palace (2017)
• Portrayed by Ni Song Yang in Dreaming Back To Qing Dynasty (2019)

See also

• Prince Li (理り)
• Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
• Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing
• Mongolian nobility#Qing period and Boghda Khaan Mongolia

References

• Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Vol. 220. China.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Yin-jêng" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.